1 Early Latin America Introduction Course home page: /~rmccaa/colonial/index.htm.
-
date post
22-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of 1 Early Latin America Introduction Course home page: /~rmccaa/colonial/index.htm.
1
Early Latin AmericaEarly Latin AmericaIntroductionIntroduction
Course home page:Course home page:http://www.hist.umn.eduhttp://www.hist.umn.edu
/~rmccaa/colonial/index.htm/~rmccaa/colonial/index.htm
2
Today’s LectureToday’s Lecture Introduction:
– staff, syllabus Chronology:
– before, first encounters, seasoning, resurgence, independence
Physical geography: – Tectonic plates, climate, physical
features Prehistoric settlement types:
– bands, tribes, chiefdoms, states
3
ChronologyChronology Before, 1450-1492
– America, Iberia and Africa First encounters, 1492-1575
– Cantares Mexicanos (1523): “Our cries of grief rise up…”
Seasoning, 1575-1750– Viceroy Toledo (1582): “…the Indians
are resettled…” Resurgence, 1750-1808
– Bourbon reconquest Independence, 1808-1825
– Bolivar: “Independence is the only benefit…”
4
Latin AmericaLatin America1580:1580:
SpanishSpanish and and PortuguesePortuguesesettlementsettlementdomainsdomains
New Spain
PeruBrazil
©Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America & the Caribbean
5
Latin America,Latin America,1808:1808:
Political Political and and
EconomicEconomicGeographyGeography
New Spain
Peru
New Granada 1739
Rio de la
Plata 1776
Brazil
S
S
S
S
G
G
©Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America & the Caribbean
6
GeographyGeography Tectonic plates
– Mosaic of distinct geological units Climate
– Latitude: “Night is the winter of the tropics.”
– Ocean currents: hot, cold– Altitude: hot, temperate, cold, very cold
Physical features: – Andean, Interior lowlands, Atlantic
massifs – Mesoamerica and Caribbean
7
Tectonic Tectonic Plates: Plates:
PreCambrianPreCambrianSedementarySedementary
PlainsPlainsBasinsBasins
Young Mtns.Young Mtns.VolcanicVolcanic
Basalt Plateau
©Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America & the Caribbean
8
Principal Principal Physical Physical Features.Features.
Key (meters): Key (meters):
3000-50003000-50001000-30001000-3000500-1000500-1000200-500200-500
sea level-200sea level-200
©Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America & the Caribbean
9
Prehistoric settlement typesPrehistoric settlement types
Bands: ~30 people per band– foragers and fishers
Tribes: ~200 people per tribe– shifting agriculture
Chiefdoms: 5,000 - 60,000 per– irrigation: chinampas, terraces
States: 100,000 - millions– diversified agriculture, complex
hierachies,
10
Bands
Tribes
Chiefdoms
States
Cultural Cultural Types at Types at Contact:Contact:Bands,Bands,Tribes,Tribes,
Chiefdoms, Chiefdoms, StatesStates
11
1779, 1930, 1960, 1990: censos; 1540 - 850 mujeres nahuas
po
rce
nta
je
Mexico: mujeres adultas (15+) alguna vez casadas0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
casadas nocasada
1540 1779 1930 1960 1990
Mexican marriage systems: Mexican marriage systems: continuity, 1540 - 1779; continuity, 1540 - 1779;
contrast, 1779-1930contrast, 1779-1930 (% women married aged 15 or more years)(% women married aged 15 or more years)
Married
Not
1540
95%
1779 1930
70%
1960 1990
13
5 complete conjugal families 5 complete conjugal families 4 generations, 4 generations,
3 married brothers (1540)3 married brothers (1540)
MarriedHead Married
SonMarried1 yr ago
Married
SonMarried
Married
Simplyan old widow
Married SonMarried
MarriedSon,
Married1 yr ago
Son, 10Unmrrd
Niece, 20Unmrrd
14
1540: Predomina la familia extensa
Familias nahuas de pueblos rurales de Morelos 13% jefe
13% conyugue
24% hijos
50% familiar
1% sinparen
Aztec household structure before Aztec household structure before the spiritual conquest (1540)the spiritual conquest (1540)
Head
Spouse
Offspring
Kin
Not
Extended families were the norm