1 CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL...
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CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL
AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992
(ICPSR 9905)
Principal Investigators
J. David Singer
University of Michigan
Melvin Small
Wayne State University
First ICPSR Release
April 1994
Inter-university Consortium for
Political and Social Research
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
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UK Data Archive Study Number 3441Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 (Wages of War)
BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION
Publications based on ICPSR data collections should
acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic
citations. To ensure that such source attributions are
captured for social science bibliographic utilities,
citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference
section of publications. The bibliographic citation for
this data collection is:
Singer, J. David, and Melvin Small. CORRELATES
OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR
DATA, 1816-1992 [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI:
J. David Singer and Melvin Small [producers],
1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university
Consortium for Political and Social Research
[distributor], 1994.
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES
To provide funding agencies with essential information
about use of archival resources and to facilitate the
exchange of information about ICPSR participants'
research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to
send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed
manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover
letter which data were used.
DATA DISCLAIMER
The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the
relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses
of this collection or for interpretations or inferences
based upon such uses.
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DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION
J. David Singer and Melvin Small
CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA,
1816-1992 (ICPSR 9905)
SUMMARY: This data collection describes international and civil
wars for the years 1816-1992. Part 1, the International Wars file,
describes the experience of each interstate member in each war. The
unit of analysis is the participant in a particular conflict. When
and where each interstate member fought is coded, along with battle
and total deaths, pre-war population and armed forces, and whether
the member in question initiated the conflict. Each war is
characterized as interstate, colonial, or imperial, and major power
status and/or central system membership of the warring parties is
noted. Part 2, the Civil Wars file, describes when and where
fighting took place, whether the war was fought within the
boundaries of a major power or central system member, whether there
was outside intervention and, if so, whether the intervening state
was a major power, on what side they intervened, who won the war,
number of battle deaths, total population, and total number of
pre-war armed forces.
UNIVERSE: Wars from 1816-1992 in which at least one member of the
interstate system took part.
NOTE: Part 5, an SPSS Export File, contains three alphanumeric
variables (WARNAME, ABBREV, and NATNAME), not included in the raw
data version of this collection. This data collection replaces
WAGES OF WAR, 1816-1980: AUGMENTED WITH DISPUTES AND CIVIL WAR DATA
(ICPSR 9044).
EXTENT OF COLLECTION: 2 data files + machine-readable documentation
(text) + SAS data definition statements + SPSS data definition
statements
EXTENT OF PROCESSING: CONCHK.PI/ UNDOCCHK.PI/ FREQ.PI
DATA FORMAT: Card Image with SAS and SPSS data definition
statements and SPSS Export Files
Part 1: International Wars Part 2: Civil Wars Raw Data
Raw Data File Structure: rectangular
File Structure: rectangular Cases: 204
Cases: 426 Variables: 36
Variables: 40 Record Length: 75
Record Length: 79 Records Per Case: 3
Records Per Case: 3
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Part 3: Codebook for All Parts Parts 4-5: SPSS Export Files
Record Length: 76 Record Length: 80
Parts 6-7: SAS Data Definition Statements
Record Length: 72
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THE CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT:
INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992
PART 1: INTERNATIONAL WARS
INTERSTATE WARS
EXTRA-SYSTEMIC WARS
Principal Investigators:
J. David Singer
The University of Michigan
Melvin Small
Wayne State University
March 1994
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Study Description
This is one of two datasets which comprise the Correlates of War:
International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 codebook and study. This
part presents data on international wars. The other part presents data
on civil wars.
This dataset describes the experience of each interstate system
member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a
particular conflict. The file contains 1278 logical records for 426
cases. Each case contains the values for 40 variables that describe
the experience of one participant in an international war.
In order to be considered a nation-participant in the interstate
system, certain minimal criteria of population and diplomatic
recognition were used (at least 500,000 total population and either
diplomatic recognition by at least two major powers or membership in
the League of Nations or United Nations). Qualifying nation-
participants are classified for the period 1816-1919 as to whether or
not they were members of the European Central System at the time of the
war and, therefore, active and influential in European-centered
diplomacy. They are also classified as to whether or not they are
dealt with by other members of the interstate system as major powers.
The geographical location of the war as a whole and a participant's
activity in the war is coded as well as the severity of the war as
determined by its duration and the number of battle-connected
deaths. The pre-war population and number of persons serving in
the armed forces (exclusive of police forces, unorganized militias,
and gendarmerie) is also coded.
This part of the dataset describes two types of international
wars: Interstate wars, in which a nation that qualifies as a member
of the interstate system engages in a war with another member of the
interstate system. Extra-systemic wars, in which a nation that
qualifies as an interstate system member engages in a war with a
political entity that is not an interstate system member.
Extra-systemic wars are further divided into two sub-types. The
first sub-type, the imperial war, involves an adversary that is an
independent political entity but does not qualify as a member of the
interstate system becuse of limitations on its independence,
insufficient population to meet the interstate system membership
criteria or a failure of other states to recognize it as a legitimate
member.
The second sub-type, the colonial war, includes international
wars in which the adversary was a colony, dependency or protectorate
composed of ethnically differnt people and located at some geographical
distance or, at least, peripheral to the center of government of the
given system member.
Both imperial and colonial wars are so designated both in the data
and in the list of war numbers in this codebook.
Users should note the following change in the codeing rules from
Resort to Arms regarding extra-systemic wars. The inclusion criterion
+______________
of 1000 annual average battle deaths sustained by system member
participants per year has been relaxed. Extra-systemic wars are now
included in the dataset if the annual average battle deaths sustained
per year by all participants (both system members and non-system
members)
is at least 1000.
Related Publications:
Singer, J. David and Melvin Small.
Resort to Arms. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982.
+ ______________
Russett, Bruce M, J. David Singer and Melvin Small.
"National Political Units in the Twentieth Century: A
Standardized List." American Political Science Review.
+ _________________________________
Vol. 66, #3 (September 1968), pp. 932-951.
1VARIABLE LAYOUT AND FREQUENCIES
NAME RECORD START END DESCRIPTION, VALUES AND FREQUENCIES
WARNUMB 1 2 4 War Number
(see attached list)
CCODE 1 7 9 Singer-Small Country Code of Participant
(see attached list)
YEARENT 1 12 15 Year Participant First Entered War
Actual year of entry coded.
MONENT 1 17 18 Month Participant First Entered War
Actual month of entry coded.
0 - missing
DAYENT 1 20 21 Day Participant First Entered War
Actual day of entry coded.
0 - missing
YEARLEF 1 24 27 Year Participant First Left War
Actual year of exit coded.
MONLEF 1 29 30 Month Participant First Left War
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
DAYLEF 1 32 33 Day Participant First Left War
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
YEARENT2 1 36 39 Year Participant Reentered War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
MONENT2 1 41 42 Month Participant Reentered War
Actual month of entry coded.
0 - missing
DAYENT2 1 44 45 Day Participant Reentered War
Actual day of entry coded.
0 - missing
YEARLEF2 1 48 51 Year Participant Left War Again
Actual year of exit coded.
0 - missing
MONLEF2 1 53 54 Month Participant Left War Again
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
DAYLEF2 1 56 57 Day Participant Left War Again
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
WARTYPE 1 59 59 War Type
274 1 - Interstate War
98 2 - Colonial War
54 3 - Imperial War
CENSYWAR 1 61 61 At Least One Central Sub-system
Member in War?
211 0 - no/NA
215 1 - yes
CENESWAR 1 63 63 At Least One Central Sub-system
Member on Each Side?
337 0 - no/NA
89 1 - yes
MAJPOWAR 1 65 65 At Least One Major Power?
148 0 - no
278 1 - yes
MAJESWAR 1 67 67 At Least One Major Power on
Each Side?
334 0 - no
92 1 - yes
Was any part of the war fought in:
WESTHEM 1 69 69 Western Hemisphere
385 0 - no
41 1 - yes
EUROPE 1 71 71 Europe
285 0 - no
141 1 - yes
AFRICA 1 73 73 Africa
333 0 - no
93 1 - yes
MIDEAST 1 75 75 Middle East
287 0 - no
139 1 - yes
ASIA 1 77 77 Asia
273 0 - no
153 1 - yes
OCEANIA 1 79 79 Oceania
396 0 - no
30 1 - yes
MEMCENSY 2 12 12 Was Participant Member of Central
Sub-system?
237 0 - no
189 1 - yes
MAJPOWER 2 14 14 Was Participant Major Power?
262 0 - no
164 1 - yes
POPULAT 2 16 22 Pre-war Population (thousands)
Actual number coded.
-9 - missing
ARMFORCE 2 24 28 Pre-war Armed Forces (thousands)
Actual number coded.
-9 - missing
OUTCOME 2 30 30 War Outcome for Participant
250 1 - on winning side
143 2 - on losing side
21 3 - on side A of a tie
9 4 - on side B of a tie
2 5 - on side A of ongoing war
1 6 - on side B of ongoing war
NATMONTH 2 32 36 Number of Months Participant Fought
in War.
Actual number coded (to nearest
0.1 month).
DEATHS 2 38 45 Number of Battle Related Deaths
Sustained by Participant's Armed Forces
in Interstate Wars, Total Battle
Related
Deaths sustained for Exra-systemic
Wars.
Actual number coded.
0 - missing
INITIATE 2 47 47 Did Participant Initiate War?
309 0 - no
117 1 - yes
UPDATE 2 49 49 War Update/Version (version case added
to dataset)
239 0 - 1972 original
59 1 - 1980 update
77 2 - 1990 update
51 3 - 1992 update
Did participant engage in fighting in war in:
FWESTHEM 2 69 69 Western Hemisphere
385 0 - no
41 1 - yes
FEUROPE 2 71 71 Europe
295 0 - no
131 1 - yes
FAFRICA 2 73 73 Africa
366 0 - no
60 1 - yes
FMIDEAST 2 75 75 Middle East
321 0 - no
105 1 - yes
FASIA 2 77 77 Asia
306 0 - no
120 1 - yes
FOCEANIA 2 79 79 Oceania
421 0 - no
5 1 - yes
3 Blank Record
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International War Numbers:
Interstate Wars:
001 FRANCO-SPANISH (1823)
004 RUSSO-TURKISH (1828-1829)
007 MEXICAN-AMERICAN (1846-1848)
010 AUSTRO-SARDINIAN (1848-1849)
013 FIRST SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN (1848-1849)
016 ROMAN REPUBLIC (1849)
019 LA PLATA (1851-1852)
022 CRIMEAN (1853-1856)
025 ANGLO-PERSIAN (1856-1857)
028 ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859)
031 SPANISH-MOROCCAN (1859-1860)
034 ITALO-ROMAN (1860)
037 ITALO-SICILIAN (1860-1861)
040 FRANCO-MEXICAN (1862-1867)
043 ECUADORIAN-COLOMBIAN (1863)
046 SECOND SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN (1864)
049 LOPEZ (1864-1870)
052 SPANISH-CHILEAN (1865-1866)
055 SEVEN WEEKS (1866)
058 FRANCO-PRUSSIAN (1870-1871)
061 RUSSO-TURKISH (1877-1878)
064 PACIFIC (1879-1883)
067 SINO-FRENCH (1884-1885)
070 CENTRAL AMERICAN (1885)
072 FRANCO-THAI (1893)
073 SINO-JAPANESE (1894-1895)
076 GRECO-TURKISH (1897)
079 SPANISH-AMERICAN (1898)
082 BOXER REBELLION (1900)
085 RUSSO-JAPANESE (1904-1905)
088 CENTRAL AMERICAN (1906)
091 CENTRAL AMERICAN (1907)
094 SPANISH-MOROCCAN (1909-1910)
097 ITALO-TURKISH (1911-1912)
100 FIRST BALKAN (1912-1913)
103 SECOND BALKAN (1913)
106 WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)
109 RUSSO-POLISH (1919-1920)
110 LITHUANIAN-POLISH (1919-1920)
112 HUNGARIAN-ALLIES (1919)
115 GRECO-TURKISH (1919-1922)
116 FRANCO-TURKISH (1919-1921)
118 SINO-SOVIET (1929)
121 MANCHURIAN (1931-1933)
124 CHACO (1932-1935)
127 ITALO-ETHIOPIAN (1935-1936)
130 SINO-JAPANESE (1937-1941)
133 CHANGKUFENG (1938)
136 NOMOHAN (1939)
139 WORLD WAR II (1939-1945)
142 RUSSO-FINNISH (1939-1940)
145 FRANCO-THAI (1940-1941)
148 PALESTINE (1948-1949)
151 KOREAN (1950-1953)
154 RUSSO-HUNGARIAN (1956)
157 SINAI (1956)
160 SINO-INDIAN (1962)
163 VIETNAMESE (1965-1975)
166 SECOND KASHMIR (1965)
169 SIX DAY (1967)
172 ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN (1969-1970)
175 FOOTBALL (1969)
178 BANGLADESH (1971)
181 YOM KIPPUR (1973)
184 TURCO-CYPRIOT (1974)
187 VIETNAMESE-CAMBODIAN (1975-1979)
189 ETHIOPIAN-SOMALIAN (1977-1978)
190 UGANDAN-TANZANIAN (1978-1979)
193 SINO-VIETNAMESE (1979)
199 IRAN-IRAQ (1980-1988)
202 FALKLANDS (1982)
205 ISRAEL-SYRIA [LEBANON] (1982)
208 SINO-VIETNAMESE (1985-1987)
211 GULF WAR (1990-1991)
214 AZERI-ARMENIAN [NAGORNO-KARABAKH] (1992-ONGOING)
Extra-Systemic Wars:
300 RUSSO-GEORGIAN (1816-1825) I
301 BRITISH-MAHARATTAN (1817-1818) I
302 KANDYAN REBELLION (1817-1818) C
303 TURKO-PERSIAN (1821) I
304 GREEK (1821-1828) C
307 FIRST ANGLO-BURMESE (1823-1826) I
309 FIRST ASHANTI (1824-1826) C
310 JAVANESE (1825-1830) C
312 ALBANIAN (1830-1831) C
313 RUSSO-PERSIAN (1826-1828) I
314 BHARATPURAN (1825-1826) C
315 BELGIAN (1830-1831) C
316 FIRST POLISH (1831) C
317 RUSSO-CIRCASSIAN (1829-1840) I
319 FIRST SYRIAN (1831-1832) C
322 TEXAN (1835-1836) C
323 BOSNIAN-TURKISH (1836-1837) C
324 FIRST ZULU (1838-1840) I
325 FIRST BRITISH-AFGHAN (1838-1842) I
327 RUSSO-KHIVAN (1839) I
328 SECOND SYRIAN (1839-1840) C
329 FIRST OPIUM (1839-1840) I
331 FRANCO-ALGERIAN (1839-1847) I
333 BOSNIAN-TURKISH (1841) C
334 PERUVIAN-BOLIVIAN (1841) I
335 BALUCHI-BRITISH (1843) C
336 FRANCO-MOROCCAN (1844) I
337 FIRST BRITISH-SIKH (1845-1846) I
338 FIRST KAFFIR [AXE] (1846-1847) I
339 CRACOW REVOLT (1846) C
340 HUNGARIAN (1848-1849) C
343 SECOND BRITISH-SIKH (1848-1849) I
344 SECOND KAFFIR [EIGHTH] (1850-1853) C
345 BURMESE (1852-1853) I
346 FIRST TURCO-MONTENEGRAN (1852-1853) I
347 FIRST SENEGALESE (1857) C
348 SECOND OPIUM (1856-1860) I
349 SEPOY (1857-1859) C
350 KABYLIA UPRISING (1856-1857) C
351 FRENCH INDOCHINESE (1858) I
352 SECOND TURCO-MONTENEGRAN (1858-1859) I
353 FIRST BUENOS AIRES (1859) I
354 SECOND BUENOS AIRES (1861) C
355 SECOND POLISH (1863-1864) C
356 SECOND MAORI (1860-1870) I
358 SPANISH-SANTO DOMINICAN (1863-1865) I
359 BRITISH-BHUTANESE (1865) I
360 FIRST CRETAN (1866-1867) C
361 TEN YEARS (1868-1878) C
362 SECOND ASHANTI (1873-1874) C
363 TONKIN (1873-1885) I
364 DUTCH-ACHINESE (1873-1878) I
365 ALGERIAN (1871-1872) C
366 MITRE REBELLION (1875) C
367 BALKAN (1875-1877) C
368 EGYPTO-ETHIOPIAN (1875-1876) I
369 RUSSO-TURKOMAN (1878-1881) I
370 BOSNIAN (1878) C
371 NINTH KAFFIR (1877-1878) C
373 SECOND BRITISH-AFGHAN (1878-1880) I
374 RUSSO-AFGAN (1885) I
375 BASUTO (1880-1881) C
376 BRITISH-ZULU (1879) I
377 TRANSVAAL REVOLT (1880) C
378 TUNISIAN (1881-1882) I
379 FRANCO-INDOCHINESE (1882-1884) I
380 FIRST FRANCO-MADAGASCAN (1883-1885) I
381 CONGO ARABS (1892) I
382 MAHDIST (1882-1885) C
383 SUDANESE [MAHDI UPRISING] (1896-1899) I
384 SECOND SENEGALESE (1890-1891) C
385 SERBO-BULGARIAN (1885) I
386 SECOND BURMESE (1885-1886) C
387 DAHOMEY (1889-1892) I
388 FRANCO-MADAGASCAN (1894-1895) I
389 BALIAN (1894) C
390 THIRD ASHANTI (1893-1894) C
391 CUBAN (1895-1898) C
392 SECOND CRETAN (1888-1889) C
393 FIRST MANDIGO-FRENCH (1885-1886) I
394 ITALO-ETHIOPIAN (1895-1896) I
395 THIRD CRETAN (1896-1897) C
396 DRUZE-TURKISH (1896) C
397 FIRST PHILIPPINE (1896-1898) C
398 INDIAN MUSLIM (1897-1898) C
399 NIGERIAN (1897) I
400 SECOND PHILIPPINE (1899-1902) C
401 FIRST ITALO-ETHIOPIAN (1887) I
402 SECOND ZULU (1906) C
403 BOER (1899-1902) C
404 RUSSO-MANCHURIAN (1900) I
405 FIRST MORROCIAN (1911-1912) C
406 ILINDEN (1903) C
407 SECOND MORROCIAN (1916-1917) C
408 YUNNAN (1917-1918) C
409 RUSSIAN NATIONALITIES (1917-1921) C
410 FRANCO-SYRIAN (1920) I
411 IRAQUI-BRITISH (1920-1921) C
412 RIFFIAN (1921-1926) C
413 SANUSI (1920-1932) C
414 HUT TAX (1898) C
415 DRUZE (1925-1927) C
416 CHINESE MUSLIMS (1928) C
417 SOVIET-TURKISTANI (1931-1934) C
418 INDONESIAN (1945-1946) C
419 SOMALI REBELLION (1899-1905) C
420 SOUTH WEST AFRICAN REVOLT (1904-1905) C
421 INDOCHINESE (1945-1954) C
422 MAJI-MAJI REVOLT (1905-1906)
423 TIBETAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1912-1913) C
424 MADAGASCAN (1947-1948) I
425 THIRD AFGAN (1919) I
426 FIRST SINO-TIBETAN (1918) I
427 FIRST KASHMIR (1947-1949) I
429 MALAYAN REBELLION (1948-1957) C
430 HYDERABAD (1948) I
431 SINO-TIBETAN (1950-1951) I
432 KENYA (1952-1956) C
433 ALGERIAN (1954-1962) C
434 CAMEROON (1955-1960) C
435 MORROCIAN INDEPENDENCE (1953-1956) C
436 TIBETAN (1956-1959) C
437 KURDISH (1961-1963) I
438 ANGOLA-PORTUGAL (1961-1975) C
439 PHILIPINO-MORO (1972-1980) C
440 GUINEA/BISSAU (1962-1974) C
441 MOZAMBIQUE (1964-1975) C
442 ERITREAN (1974-1991) I
443 KURDISH AUTONOMY (1974-1975) I
444 TUNISIAN INDEPENDENCE (1952-1954) C
445 EAST TIMOR [FRETILIN] (1974-1977) I and C
448 WESTERN SAHARA (1975-1983) I
451 OGADEN (1976-1983) I
454 TIGREAN (1978-1991) I
1Users should note the following changes in the Interstate System
Membership
List since Resort to Arms (see Table 2.1, Resort to Arms (Beverly Hills:
+ ______________ ______________
Sage Publications, 1982), pp. 47-50).
The membership dates of the following nations have changed:
Former Dates Current Dates
42 Dominican Republic 1887-1888 1894-1916
1892-1916 1925-1992
1925-1980
90 Guatemala 1849-1980 1860-1992
135 Peru 1838-1880 1839-1880
1883-1980 1883-1992
255 Germany/Prussia 1816-1945 1816-1945
1990-1992
366 Estonia 1918-1940 1918-1940
1991-1992
367 Latvia 1918-1940 1918-1940
1991-1992
368 Lithuania 1918-1940 1918-1940
1991-1992
375 Finland 1919-1980 1917-1992
The following have been included in the System since 1980:
57 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1980)
58 Antigua and Barbuda (1981)
60 Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983)
80 Belize (1981)
223 Liechtenstein (1990)
331 San Marino (1992)
344 Croatia (1992)
346 Bosnia/Herzogovina (1992)
349 Slovenia (1992)
359 Moldova (Moldavia) (1991)
369 Ukraine (1991)
370 Belarus (Byelorussia) (1991)
371 Armenia (1991)
372 Georgia (1991)
373 Azerbaijan (1991)
565 Namibia (1990)
679 Yemen (1990 - Merger of 678, Yemen Arab Republic, and 680,
Yemen People's Republic)
701 Turkmenia (1991)
702 Tadzhikistan (1991)
703 Kirgizia (1991)
704 Uzbekistan (1991)
705 Kazakhstan (1991)
835 Brunei (1984)
935 Vanuatu (1981)
983 Marshall Islands (1991)
987 Federated States of Micronesia (1991)
Users should note the following name changes. Membership dates
remain unchanged:
365 Russia/Soviet Union [RUS] (change in abbreviation
from [USR])
439 Burkina Faso [BFO] (Upper Volta [UPP])
775 Myanmar [MYA] (Burma [BUR])
811 Cambodia [CAM] (Kampuchea [KHM])
Separate membership for the Federal Republic of Germany (260) and the
German Democratic Republic (265) ended as of October 3, 1990.
1MEMBERS OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM, 1816-1992
0
0Nat# Abb Name Inclusive Inclusive Inclusive
Years in Years in Years as
Interstate Central a Major
System System Power
0
0WESTERN HEMISPHERE
0
2 USA United States of America 1816-1992 1899-1919 1899-1992
20 CAN Canada 1920-1992
31 BHM Bahamas 1973-1992
40 CUB Cuba 1902-1906
1909-1992
41 HAI Haiti 1859-1915
1934-1992
42 DOM Dominican Republic 1894-1916
1925-1992
51 JAM Jamaica 1962-1992
52 TRI Trinidad 1962-1992
53 BAR Barbados 1966-1992
54 DMA Dominica 1978-1992
55 GRN Grenada 1974-1992
56 SLU Saint Lucia 1979-1992
57 SVG Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 1980-1992
58 AAB Antigua and Barbuda 1981-1992
60 SKN Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983-1992
70 MEX Mexico 1831-1992
80 BLZ Belize 1981-1992
90 GUA Guatemala 1868-1992
91 HON Honduras 1899-1992
92 SAL El Salvador 1875-1992
93 NIC Nicaragua 1900-1992
94 COS Costa Rica 1920-1992
95 PAN Panama 1920-1992
100 COL Colombia 1831-1992
101 VEN Venezuela 1841-1992
110 GUY Guyana 1966-1992
115 SUR Suriname 1975-1992
130 ECU Ecuador 1854-1992
135 PER Peru 1839-1880
1883-1992
140 BRA Brazil 1826-1992
145 BOL Bolivia 1848-1992
150 PAR Paraguay 1846-1870
1876-1992
155 CHL Chile 1839-1992
160 ARG Argentina 1841-1992
165 URU Uruguay 1882-1992
0
0EUROPE
0
200 UK United Kingdom 1816-1992 1816-1919 1816-1992
205 IRE Ireland 1922-1992
210 NTH Netherlands 1816-1940
1945-1992 1816-1919
211 BEL Belgium 1830-1940
1945-1992 1831-1919
212 LUX Luxemburg 1920-1940
1944-1992
220 FRN France 1816-1942 1816-1919 1816-1940
1944-1992 1945-1992
223 LIE Liechtenstein 1990-1992
225 SWZ Switzerland 1816-1992 1816-1919
230 SPN Spain 1816-1992 1816-1919
235 POR Portugal 1816-1992 1816-1919
240 HAN Hanover 1838-1866
245 BAV Bavaria 1816-1871
255 GMY Germany/Prussia 1816-1945 1816-1919 1816-1918
1990-1992 1925-1945
260 GFR German Federal Republic 1955-1990
265 GDR German Democratic Rep. 1954-1990
267 BAD Baden 1816-1870
269 SAX Saxony 1816-1867
271 WRT Wuerttemburg 1816-1870
273 HSE Hesse Electoral 1816-1866
275 HSG Hesse Grand Ducal 1816-1867
280 MEC Meckelnburg Schwerin 1843-1867
290 POL Poland 1919-1939
1945-1992 1919-1919
300 AUH Austria-Hungary 1816-1918 1816-1918 1816-1918
305 AUS Austria 1919-1938 1919-1919
1955-1992
310 HUN Hungary 1919-1992 1919-1919
315 CZE Czechoslavakia 1918-1939
1945-1992
325 ITA Italy/Sardinia 1816-1992 1816-1919 1860-1943
327 PAP Papal States 1816-1860
329 SIC Two Sicilies 1816-1861
331 SNM San Marino 1992-1992
332 MOD Modena 1842-1860
335 PMA Parma 1851-1860
337 TUS Tuscany 1816-1860
338 MLT Malta 1964-1992
339 ALB Albania 1914-1939 1914-1919
1944-1992
344 CRO Croatia 1992-1992
345 YUG Yugoslavia/Serbia 1878-1941 1878-1919
1944-1992
346 BOS Bosnia/Herzogovina 1992-1992
349 SLV Slovenia 1992-1992
350 GRC Greece 1828-1941 1828-1919
1944-1992
352 CYP Cyprus 1960-1992
355 BUL Bulgaria 1908-1992 1908-1919
359 MLD Moldova (Moldavia) 1991-1992
360 RUM Rumania 1878-1992 1878-1919
365 RUS Russia (USSR) 1816-1992 1816-1919 1816-1917
1922-1992
366 EST Estonia 1918-1940 1918-1919
1991-1992
367 LAT Latvia 1918-1940 1918-1919
1991-1992
368 LIT Lithuania 1918-1940 1918-1919
1991-1992
369 UKR Ukraine 1991-1992
370 BLR Belarus (Byelorussia) 1991-1992
371 ARM Armenia 1991-1992
372 GRG Georgia 1991-1992
373 AZE Azerbaijan 1991-1992
375 FIN Finland 1917-1992
380 SWD Sweden 1816-1992 1816-1919
385 NOR Norway 1905-1940 1905-1919
1945-1992
390 DEN Denmark 1816-1940 1816-1919
1945-1992
395 ICE Iceland 1944-1992
0
0AFRICA
0
402 CAP Cape Verde 1975-1992
403 STP Sao Tome Principe 1975-1992
404 GNB Guinea-Bissau 1974-1992
411 EQG Equatorial Guinea 1968-1992
420 GAM Gambia 1965-1992
432 MLI Mali 1960-1992
433 SEN Senegal 1960-1992
434 BEN Benin/Dahomey 1960-1992
435 MAA Mauritania 1960-1992
436 NIR Niger 1960-1992
437 IVO Ivory Coast 1960-1992
438 GUI Guinea 1958-1992
439 BFO Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) 1960-1992
450 LBR Liberia 1920-1992
451 SIE Sierra Leone 1961-1992
452 GHA Ghana 1957-1992
461 TOG Togo 1960-1992
471 CAO Cameroun 1960-1992
475 NIG Nigeria 1960-1992
481 GAB Gabon 1960-1992
482 CEN Central African Republic 1960-1992
483 CHA Chad 1960-1992
484 CON Congo 1960-1992
490 ZAI Zaire (Congo, Kinshasa) 1960-1992
500 UGA Uganda 1962-1992
501 KEN Kenya 1963-1992
510 TAZ Tanzania/Tanganyika 1961-1992
511 ZAN Zanzibar 1963-1964
516 BUI Burundi 1962-1992
517 RWA Rwanda 1962-1992
520 SOM Somalia 1960-1992
522 DJI Djibouti 1977-1992
530 ETH Ethiopia 1898-1936
1941-1992
540 ANG Angola 1975-1992
541 MZM Mozambique 1975-1992
551 ZAM Zambia 1964-1992
552 RHO Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) 1966-1992
553 MAW Malawi 1964-1992
560 SAF South Africa 1920-1992
565 NAM Namibia 1990-1992
570 LES Lesotho 1966-1992
571 BOT Botswana 1966-1992
572 SWA Swaziland 1968-1992
580 MAG Malagasy 1960-1992
581 COM Comoros 1975-1992
590 MAS Mauritius 1968-1992
591 SEY Seychelles 1976-1992
0
0MIDDLE EAST
0
600 MOR Morocco 1847-1911
1956-1992
615 ALG Algeria 1962-1992
616 TUN Tunisia 1825-1881
1956-1992
620 LIB Libya 1952-1992
625 SUD Sudan 1956-1992
630 IRN Iran (Persia) 1855-1992
640 TUR Turkey/Ottoman Empire 1816-1992 1816-1919
645 IRQ Iraq 1932-1992
651 EGY Egypt/UAR 1855-1882
1937-1992
652 SYR Syria 1946-1958
1961-1992
660 LEB Lebanon 1946-1992
663 JOR Jordan 1946-1992
666 ISR Israel 1948-1992
670 SAU Saudi Arabia 1927-1992
678 YAR Yemen Arab Republic 1926-1990
679 YEM Yemen 1990-1992
680 YPR Yemen People's Republic 1967-1990
690 KUW Kuwait 1961-1992
692 BAH Bahrein 1971-1992
694 QAT Qatar 1971-1992
696 UAE United Arab Emirates 1971-1992
698 OMA Oman 1971-1992
0
0ASIA
0
700 AFG Afghanistan 1920-1992
701 TKM Turkmenia 1991-1992
702 TAJ Tadzhikistan 1991-1992
703 KYR Kirgizia 1991-1992
704 UZB Uzbekistan 1991-1992
705 KZK Kazakhstan 1991-1992
710 CHN China 1860-1992 1895-1919 1950-1992
712 MON Mongolia 1921-1992
713 TAW Taiwan 1949-1992
730 KOR Korea 1888-1905
731 PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. 1948-1992
732 ROK Korea, Republic of 1949-1992
740 JPN Japan 1860-1945 1895-1919 1895-1945
1952-1992
750 IND India 1947-1992
760 BHU Bhutan 1971-1992
770 PAK Pakistan 1947-1992
771 BNG Bangladesh 1973-1992
775 MYA Myanmar (Burma) 1948-1992
780 SRI Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 1948-1992
781 MAD Maldive Islands 1965-1992
790 NEP Nepal 1920-1992
800 THI Thailand 1887-1992
811 CAM Cambodia (Kampuchea) 1953-1992
812 LAO Laos 1954-1992
816 DRV Vietnam, Democratic Rep. 1954-1992
817 RVN Vietnam, Republic of 1954-1975
820 MAL Malaysia 1957-1992
830 SIN Singapore 1965-1992
835 BRU Brunei 1984-1992
840 PHI Philippines 1946-1992
850 INS Indonesia 1949-1992
0
0OCEANIA
0
900 AUL Australia 1920-1992
910 PNG Papua New Guinea 1975-1992
920 NEW New Zealand 1920-1992
935 VAN Vanuatu 1981-1992
940 SOL Solomon Islands 1978-1992
950 FJI Fiji 1970-1992
983 MSI Marshall Islands 1991-1992
987 FMS Federated States of 1991-1992
Micronesia
990 WSM Western Samoa 1976-1992
1
THE CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT:
INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992
PART 2: CIVIL WARS
Correlates of War Project
The University of Michigan
Principal Investigators
J. David Singer
The University of Michigan
Melvin Small
Wayne State University
January 1993
1
Study Description
This is one of two datasets which comprise the Correlates of War:
International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 codebook and study. The
other part presents data on international (interstate and
extra-systemic) wars.
This dataset is a study of 150 major civil wars involving a total
of 204 participants between 1816 and 1988. An internal war is
classified as a major civil war if (a) military action was involved,
(b) the national government at the time was actively involved,
(c) effective resistance (as measured by the ratio of fatalities of
the weaker to the stronger forces) occurred on both sides and (d) at
least 1,000 battle deaths resulted during the civil war.
This dataset describes the experience of each interstate system
member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a
particular conflict. The file contains 612 logical records for 204
cases. Each case contains the values for 36 variables that describe
the experience of one participant in a civil war.
In order to be considered a nation-participant in the interstate
system, certain minimal criteria of population and diplomatic
recognition were used (at least 500,000 total population and either
diplomatic recognition by at least two major powers or membership in
the League of Nations or United Nations). Qualifying nation-
participants are classified for the period 1816-1919 as to whether or
not they were members of the European Central System at the time of
the war and, therefore, active and influential in European-centered
diplomacy. They are also classified as to whether or not they are
dealt with by other members of the interstate system as major powers.
The role of each participant in the war (whether the participant is
the nation undergoing the civil war or is an intervenor and the side
the intervenor took in the war) is coded as well as the outcome. The
geographical location of the war is coded as well as the severity of
the war as determined by its duration and the number of battle-
connected total deaths. The pre-war population and number of persons
serving in the armed forces (exclusive of police forces, unorganized
militias, and gendarmerie) is also coded.
Related Publications:
Singer, J. David and Melvin Small.
Resort to Arms. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982.
+ ______________
Russett, Bruce M, J. David Singer and Melvin Small.
"National Political Units in the Twentieth Century: A
Standardized List." American Political Science Review.
+ _________________________________
Vol. 66, #3 (September 1968), pp. 932-951.
1
VARIABLE LAYOUT AND FREQUENCIES
NAME RECORD START END DESCRIPTION, VALUES AND FREQUENCIES
WARNUM 1 2 4 War Number
(see attached list)
CCODE 1 7 9 Singer-Small Country Code of Participant
(see attached list)
YRBEG1 1 12 14 Year of First Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
MOBEG1 1 16 17 Month of First Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
DYBEG1 1 19 20 Day of First Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
YREND1 1 23 25 Year of First Exit from War
Actual year of exit coded.
MOEND1 1 27 28 Month of First Exit from War
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
DYEND1 1 30 31 Day of First Exit from War
Actual day of exit coded.
0 - missing
YRBEG2 1 34 36 Year of Second Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
MOBEG2 1 38 39 Month of Second Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
DYBEG2 1 41 42 Day of Second Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
YREND2 1 45 47 Year of Second Exit from War
Actual year of exit coded.
0 - missing
MOEND2 1 49 50 Month of Second Exit from War
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
DYEND2 1 52 53 Day of Second Exit from War
Actual day of exit coded.
0 - missing
YRBEG3 1 56 58 Year of Third Entry into War
Actual year of entry coded.
0 - missing
MOBEG3 1 60 61 Month of Third Entry into War
Actual month of entry coded.
0 - missing
DYBEG3 1 63 64 Day of Third Entry into War
Actual day of entry coded.
0 - missing
YREND3 1 67 69 Year of Third Exit from War
Actual year of exit coded.
0 - missing
MOEND3 1 71 72 Month of Third Exit from War
Actual month of exit coded.
0 - missing
DYEND3 1 74 75 Day of Third Exit from War
Actual day of exit coded.
0 - missing
WARTYPE 2 12 12 Outside Intervention in War?
118 4 - no
86 5 - yes
CENSYST 2 14 14 War Fought in Member of Central
Sub-system?
29 1 - yes
175 2 - no
MAJOR 2 16 16 War Fought in Major Power?
12 1 - yes
192 2 - no
WINNER 2 18 18 Outcome of War (victorious side)
104 1 - government
55 2 - opposition
0 3 - government after war became
an interstate war
4 4 - opposition after war became
an interstate war
30 5 - war ongoing as of 12/31/92
10 6 - stalemate
1 7 - war ongoing as of 12/31/92
after becoming an interstate
war
War was fought in the following regions:
WESTERN 2 21 21 Western Hemisphere
53 1 - yes
151 2 - no
EUROPE 2 23 23 Europe
43 1 - yes
161 2 - no
AFRICAN 2 25 25 Africa
32 1 - yes
172 2 - no
MIDEAST 2 27 27 Middle East
28 1 - yes
176 2 - no
ASIAN 2 29 29 Asia
47 1 - yes
157 2 - no
OCEANIC 2 31 31 Oceania
0 1 - yes
204 2 - no
BATTDEA 2 34 40 Battle Related Fatalities Sustained
by Regular Armed Forces
Actual number coded.
0 - missing
DURATION 2 42 46 Duration of Involvement (months)
Actual number coded.
POP 2 48 54 Pre-war Total Population (thousands)
Actual number coded.
0 - missing
NUMARMY 2 56 59 Pre-war Regular Armed Forces (thousands)
Actual nubmer coded.
0 - missing
INTERSTA 2 61 61 System Membership Status of Participant
154 1 - neither Central Sub-system
member nor major power
15 2 - Central Sub-system member only
35 3 - Central Sub-system member and
Major Power
INTERVEN 2 63 63 On Which Side did Participant Intervene?
152 0 - NA/nation undergoing civil war
29 1 - government
19 2 - opposition
4 3 - neither side
3 Blank Record
1
Civil War Numbers:
601 SPAIN (1821-1823)
602 TWO SICILIES (1820-1821) I
603 SARDINIA (1821) I
604 TURKEY/OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1826)
607 PORTUGAL (1829-1834) I
610 FRANCE (1830)
613 MEXICO (1832)
616 SPAIN (1834-1840) I
619 COLOMBIA (1840-1842)
622 ARGENTINA (1841-1851) I
625 SPAIN (1847-1849)
626 MEXICO [CASTE WAR] (1847-1855)
628 TWO SICILIES (1848-1849)
631 FRANCE (1848)
634 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (1848)
636 FRANCE [ROYALISTS] (1851)
637 CHILE (1851)
640 PERU (1853-1855)
643 PERU (1856-1858)
646 MEXICO (1858-1861)
649 VENEZUELA (1859-1863)
652 CHINA (1860-1864) I
653 CHINA (1860-1868)
654 CHINA (1860-1872)
655 COLOMBIA (1860-1862)
658 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1861-1865)
661 ARGENTINA (1863)
664 ARGENTINA (1866-1867)
667 VENEZUELA (1868-1871)
670 SPAIN (1868)
673 ARGENTINA (1870-1871)
676 FRANCE (1871)
679 SPAIN (1872-1876)
680 ARGENTINA [MITRE REBELLION] (1847-1855)
681 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [SIOUXIAN] (1876)
682 COLOMBIA (1876-1877)
685 JAPAN (1877)
688 ARGENTINA (1880)
691 COLOMBIA (1884-1885)
694 CHILE (1891)
697 BRAZIL (1893-1894)
700 BRAZIL (1893-1894)
703 PERU (1894-1895)
706 BRAZIL (1896-1897)
709 COLOMBIA (1899-1903)
712 URUGUAY (1904)
715 RUSSIA (1905-1906)
718 RUMANIA (1907)
721 MOROCCO (1907-1908) I
724 IRAN (PERSIA) (1908-1909) I
727 MEXICO (1910-1920)
730 MOROCCO (1911) I
733 PARAGUAY (1911-1912)
736 CHINA (1911)
739 CHINA (1913)
742 CHINA (1914)
744 AUSTRIA [SOCIALISTS PUTSCH] (1934)
745 RUSSIA/SOVIET UNION (1917-1920) I
746 FINNISH (1918) I
748 HUNGARY (1919-1920)
751 HONDURAS (1924)
754 AFGHANISTAN (1924-1925)
757 CHINA (1926-1928) I
760 MEXICO (1926-1930)
763 AFGHANISTAN (1928-1929)
766 CHINA (1929-1930)
769 CHINA (1930-1935)
771 EL SALVADOR (1932)
772 BRAZIL (1932)
775 SPAIN (1934)
778 SPAIN (1936-1939) I
781 GREECE (1944-1949) I
784 CHINA (1946-1950)
787 PARAGUAY (1947)
788 CHINA [TAIWANESE REVOLT] (1947)
790 YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC (1948)
793 COSTA RICA (1948)
796 COLOMBIA (1948)
799 BURMA (1948-1951)
802 COLOMBIA (1949-1962)
805 INDONESIA (1950)
808 PHILIPPINES (1950-1952)
811 BOLIVIA (1952)
814 INDONESIA (1953)
817 GUATEMALA (1954)
820 ARGENTINA (1955)
823 INDONESIA (1956-1960)
826 LEBANON (1958) I
829 CUBA (1958-1959)
832 IRAQ (1959)
835 VIETNAM, REPUBLIC OF (1960-1965) I
838 ZAIRE (CONGO, KINSHASA) (1960-1965) I
841 LAOS (1960-1962)
844 ALGERIA (1962-1963)
847 YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC (1962-1969) I
850 LAOS (1963-1973) I
853 SUDAN (1963-1972)
856 RWANDA (1963-1964)
859 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (1965) I
862 UGANDA (1966)
863 GUATEMALA (1966-1972)
865 CHINA (1967-1968)
868 NIGERIA (1967-1970)
869 BURMA (1968-1980)
871 KAMPUCHEA (CAMBODIA) (1970-1975) I
874 JORDAN (1970) I
877 GUATEMALA (1970-1971)
880 PAKISTAN (1971)
883 SRI LANKA (CEYLON) (1971)
886 BURUNDI (1972)
889 PHILIPPINES [NEW PEOPLE'S ARMY] (1972-ONGOING)
892 ZIMBABWE (RHODESIA) (1972-1979)
893 PAKISTAN (1973-1977)
895 LEBANON (1975-1990) I
898 ANGOLA (1975-1991) I
900 GUATEMALA (1978-1984)
901 AFGHANISTAN (1978-ONGOING)
904 IRAN (1978-1979)
907 NICARAGUA (1978-1979)
908 CAMBODIA (1979-1991) I
910 EL SALVADOR (1979-1992)
913 MOZAMBIQUE (1979-ONGOING) I
916 CHAD (1980-1988) I
917 NIGERIA (1980-1981)
919 UGANDAN (1980-1988)
922 IRAN (1981-1982)
925 PERU (1982-ONGOING)
928 NICARAGUA (1982-1990)
931 SOMALIA (1982-ONGOING)
933 BURMA (1983-ONGOING)
934 SRI LANKA [TAMIL REBELLION] (1983-ONGOING) I
937 SUDAN (1983-ONGOING)
939 NIGERIA (1984)
940 COLOMBIA (1984-ONGOING)
941 IRAQ [KURDISH/SHIITE REBELLION] (1985-ONGOING) I
942 INDIA (1985-ONGOING)
943 SOUTH YEMEN (1986)
944 SRI LANKA [JVP] (1987-1989) I
946 BURUNDI (1988)
949 LIBERIA (1989-1990) I
950 ROMANIA (1989)
952 RWANDA (1990-ONGOING)
955 GEORGIA (1991)
961 RUSSIA/SOVIET UNION [NAGORNO-KARABAKH] (1991) I
964 YUGOSLAVIA [CROATIAN INDEPENDENCE] (1991-1992)
967 TURKEY [KURDISH REBELLION] (1991-ONGOING)
970 BRUNDI (1991-ONGOING)
973 BOSNIA [SERBIAN REBELLION] (1992-ONGOING) I
976 TAKJIKISTAN (1992-ONGOING)
979 LIBERIA (1992-ONGOING) I
982 ANGOLA (1992)
1Users should note the following changes in the Interstate System
Membership
List since Resort to Arms (see Table 2.1, Resort to Arms (Beverly Hills:
+ ______________ ______________
Sage Publications, 1982), pp. 47-50).
The membership dates of the following nations have changed:
Former Dates Current Dates
42 Dominican Republic 1887-1888 1894-1916
1892-1916 1925-1992
1925-1980
90 Guatemala 1849-1980 1860-1992
135 Peru 1838-1880 1839-1880
1883-1980 1883-1992
255 Germany/Prussia 1816-1945 1816-1945
1990-1992
366 Estonia 1918-1940 1918-1940
1991-1992
367 Latvia 1918-1940 1918-1940
1991-1992
368 Lithuania 1918-1940 1918-1940
1991-1992
375 Finland 1919-1980 1917-1992
The following nations have joined the System since 1980:
57 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1980)
58 Antigua and Barbuda (1981)
60 Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983)
80 Belize (1981)
223 Liechtenstein (1990)
331 San Marino (1992)
344 Croatia (1992)
346 Bosnia/Herzogovina (1992)
349 Slovenia (1992)
359 Moldova (Moldavia) (1991)
369 Ukraine (1991)
370 Belarus (Byelorussia) (1991)
371 Armenia (1991)
372 Georgia (1991)
373 Azerbaijan (1991)
565 Namibia (1990)
679 Yemen (1990 - Merger of 678, Yemen Arab Republic, and 680,
Yemen People's Republic)
701 Turkmenia (1991)
702 Tadzhikistan (1991)
703 Kirgizia (1991)
704 Uzbekistan (1991)
705 Kazakhstan (1991)
835 Brunei (1984)
935 Vanuatu (1981)
983 Marshall Islands (1991)
987 Federated States of Micronesia (1991)
Users should note the following name changes. Membership dates
remain unchanged:
365 Russia/Soviet Union [RUS] (change in abbreviation
from [USR])
439 Burkina Faso [BFO] (Upper Volta [UPP])
775 Myanmar [MYA] (Burma [BUR])
811 Cambodia [CAM] (Kampuchea [KHM])
Membership for the Federal Republic of Germany (260) and the
German Democratic Republic (265) ended as of October 3, 1990.
1NATION MEMBERS OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM, 1816-1992
0
0Nat# Abb Nation Inclusive Inclusive Inclusive
Years in Years in Years as
Interstate Central a Major
System System Power
0
0WESTERN HEMISPHERE
0
2 USA United States of America 1816-1992 1899-1919 1899-1992
20 CAN Canada 1920-1992
31 BHM Bahamas 1973-1992
40 CUB Cuba 1902-1906
1909-1992
41 HAI Haiti 1859-1915
1934-1992
42 DOM Dominican Republic 1894-1916
1925-1992
51 JAM Jamaica 1962-1992
52 TRI Trinidad 1962-1992
53 BAR Barbados 1966-1992
54 DMA Dominica 1978-1992
55 GRN Grenada 1974-1992
56 SLU Saint Lucia 1979-1992
57 SVG Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 1980-1992
58 AAB Antigua and Barbuda 1981-1992
60 SKN Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983-1992
70 MEX Mexico 1831-1992
80 BLZ Belize 1981-1992
90 GUA Guatemala 1868-1992
91 HON Honduras 1899-1992
92 SAL El Salvador 1875-1992
93 NIC Nicaragua 1900-1992
94 COS Costa Rica 1920-1992
95 PAN Panama 1920-1992
100 COL Colombia 1831-1992
101 VEN Venezuela 1841-1992
110 GUY Guyana 1966-1992
115 SUR Suriname 1975-1992
130 ECU Ecuador 1854-1992
135 PER Peru 1839-1880
1883-1992
140 BRA Brazil 1826-1992
145 BOL Bolivia 1848-1992
150 PAR Paraguay 1846-1870
1876-1992
155 CHL Chile 1839-1992
160 ARG Argentina 1841-1992
165 URU Uruguay 1882-1992
0
0EUROPE
0
200 UK United Kingdom 1816-1992 1816-1919 1816-1992
205 IRE Ireland 1922-1992
210 NTH Netherlands 1816-1940
1945-1992 1816-1919
211 BEL Belgium 1830-1940
1945-1992 1831-1919
212 LUX Luxemburg 1920-1940
1944-1992
220 FRN France 1816-1942 1816-1919 1816-1940
1944-1992 1945-1992
223 LIE Liechtenstein 1990-1992
225 SWZ Switzerland 1816-1992 1816-1919
230 SPN Spain 1816-1992 1816-1919
235 POR Portugal 1816-1992 1816-1919
240 HAN Hanover 1838-1866
245 BAV Bavaria 1816-1871
255 GMY Germany/Prussia 1816-1945 1816-1919 1816-1918
1990-1992 1925-1945
260 GFR German Federal Republic 1955-1990
265 GDR German Democratic Rep. 1954-1990
267 BAD Baden 1816-1870
269 SAX Saxony 1816-1867
271 WRT Wuerttemburg 1816-1870
273 HSE Hesse Electoral 1816-1866
275 HSG Hesse Grand Ducal 1816-1867
280 MEC Meckelnburg Schwerin 1843-1867
290 POL Poland 1919-1939
1945-1992 1919-1919
300 AUH Austria-Hungary 1816-1918 1816-1918 1816-1918
305 AUS Austria 1919-1938 1919-1919
1955-1992
310 HUN Hungary 1919-1992 1919-1919
315 CZE Czechoslavakia 1918-1939
1945-1992
325 ITA Italy/Sardinia 1816-1992 1816-1919 1860-1943
327 PAP Papal States 1816-1860
329 SIC Two Sicilies 1816-1861
331 SNM San Marino 1992-1992
332 MOD Modena 1842-1860
335 PMA Parma 1851-1860
337 TUS Tuscany 1816-1860
338 MLT Malta 1964-1992
339 ALB Albania 1914-1939 1914-1919
1944-1992
344 CRO Croatia 1992-1992
345 YUG Yugoslavia/Serbia 1878-1941 1878-1919
1944-1992
346 BOS Bosnia/Herzogovina 1992-1992
349 SLV Slovenia 1992-1992
350 GRC Greece 1828-1941 1828-1919
1944-1992
352 CYP Cyprus 1960-1992
355 BUL Bulgaria 1908-1992 1908-1919
359 MLD Moldova (Moldavia) 1991-1992
360 RUM Rumania 1878-1992 1878-1919
365 RUS Russia (USSR) 1816-1992 1816-1919 1816-1917
1922-1992
366 EST Estonia 1918-1940 1918-1919
1991-1992
367 LAT Latvia 1918-1940 1918-1919
1991-1992
368 LIT Lithuania 1918-1940 1918-1919
1991-1992
369 UKR Ukraine 1991-1992
370 BLR Belarus (Byelorussia) 1991-1992
371 ARM Armenia 1991-1992
372 GRG Georgia 1991-1992
373 AZE Azerbaijan 1991-1992
375 FIN Finland 1917-1992
380 SWD Sweden 1816-1992 1816-1919
385 NOR Norway 1905-1940 1905-1919
1945-1992
390 DEN Denmark 1816-1940 1816-1919
1945-1992
395 ICE Iceland 1944-1992
0
0AFRICA
0
402 CAP Cape Verde 1975-1992
403 STP Sao Tome Principe 1975-1992
404 GNB Guinea-Bissau 1974-1992
411 EQG Equatorial Guinea 1968-1992
420 GAM Gambia 1965-1992
432 MLI Mali 1960-1992
433 SEN Senegal 1960-1992
434 BEN Benin/Dahomey 1960-1992
435 MAA Mauritania 1960-1992
436 NIR Niger 1960-1992
437 IVO Ivory Coast 1960-1992
438 GUI Guinea 1958-1992
439 BFO Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) 1960-1992
450 LBR Liberia 1920-1992
451 SIE Sierra Leone 1961-1992
452 GHA Ghana 1957-1992
461 TOG Togo 1960-1992
471 CAO Cameroun 1960-1992
475 NIG Nigeria 1960-1992
481 GAB Gabon 1960-1992
482 CEN Central African Republic 1960-1992
483 CHA Chad 1960-1992
484 CON Congo 1960-1992
490 ZAI Zaire (Congo, Kinshasa) 1960-1992
500 UGA Uganda 1962-1992
501 KEN Kenya 1963-1992
510 TAZ Tanzania/Tanganyika 1961-1992
511 ZAN Zanzibar 1963-1964
516 BUI Burundi 1962-1992
517 RWA Rwanda 1962-1992
520 SOM Somalia 1960-1992
522 DJI Djibouti 1977-1992
530 ETH Ethiopia 1898-1936
1941-1992
540 ANG Angola 1975-1992
541 MZM Mozambique 1975-1992
551 ZAM Zambia 1964-1992
552 RHO Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) 1966-1992
553 MAW Malawi 1964-1992
560 SAF South Africa 1920-1992
565 NAM Namibia 1990-1992
570 LES Lesotho 1966-1992
571 BOT Botswana 1966-1992
572 SWA Swaziland 1968-1992
580 MAG Malagasy 1960-1992
581 COM Comoros 1975-1992
590 MAS Mauritius 1968-1992
591 SEY Seychelles 1976-1992
0
0MIDDLE EAST
0
600 MOR Morocco 1847-1911
1956-1992
615 ALG Algeria 1962-1992
616 TUN Tunisia 1825-1881
1956-1992
620 LIB Libya 1952-1992
625 SUD Sudan 1956-1992
630 IRN Iran (Persia) 1855-1992
640 TUR Turkey/Ottoman Empire 1816-1992 1816-1919
645 IRQ Iraq 1932-1992
651 EGY Egypt/UAR 1855-1882
1937-1992
652 SYR Syria 1946-1958
1961-1992
660 LEB Lebanon 1946-1992
663 JOR Jordan 1946-1992
666 ISR Israel 1948-1992
670 SAU Saudi Arabia 1927-1992
678 YAR Yemen Arab Republic 1926-1990
679 YEM Yemen 1990-1992
680 YPR Yemen People's Republic 1967-1990
690 KUW Kuwait 1961-1992
692 BAH Bahrein 1971-1992
694 QAT Qatar 1971-1992
696 UAE United Arab Emirates 1971-1992
698 OMA Oman 1971-1992
0
0ASIA
0
700 AFG Afghanistan 1920-1992
701 TKM Turkmenia 1991-1992
702 TAJ Tadzhikistan 1991-1992
703 KYR Kirgizia 1991-1992
704 UZB Uzbekistan 1991-1992
705 KZK Kazakhstan 1991-1992
710 CHN China 1860-1992 1895-1919 1950-1992
712 MON Mongolia 1921-1992
713 TAW Taiwan 1949-1992
730 KOR Korea 1888-1905
731 PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. 1948-1992
732 ROK Korea, Republic of 1949-1992
740 JPN Japan 1860-1945 1895-1919 1895-1945
1952-1992
750 IND India 1947-1992
760 BHU Bhutan 1971-1992
770 PAK Pakistan 1947-1992
771 BNG Bangladesh 1973-1992
775 MYA Myanmar (Burma) 1948-1992
780 SRI Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 1948-1992
781 MAD Maldive Islands 1965-1992
790 NEP Nepal 1920-1992
800 THI Thailand 1887-1992
811 CAM Cambodia (Kampuchea) 1953-1992
812 LAO Laos 1954-1992
816 DRV Vietnam, Democratic Rep. 1954-1992
817 RVN Vietnam, Republic of 1954-1975
820 MAL Malaysia 1957-1992
830 SIN Singapore 1965-1992
835 BRU Brunei 1984-1992
840 PHI Philippines 1946-1992
850 INS Indonesia 1949-1992
0
0OCEANIA
0
900 AUL Australia 1920-1992
910 PNG Papua New Guinea 1975-1992
920 NEW New Zealand 1920-1992
935 VAN Vanuatu 1981-1992
940 SOL Solomon Islands 1978-1992
950 FJI Fiji 1970-1992
983 MSI Marshall Islands 1991-1992
987 FMS Federated States of 1991-1992
Micronesia
990 WSM Western Samoa 1976-1992