1 CHOICE AND CHANGE The Psychology of Personal Growth and Interpersonal Relationships, 7 th ed. by...

1

CHOICE AND CHANGEThe Psychology of Personal

Growthand

Interpersonal Relationships, 7th ed.

by

April O’Connell, Vincent O’Connell, and Lois-Ann Kuntz

Chapter 1: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE SELF

ISBN: 0-13-189170-7

Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

PowerPoint Slide Set, Version 1.0by April O’Connell and Lois-Ann Kuntz

for

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Chapter 1 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE SELF

After reading the chapter, you should be able to:

1. Describe the variables involved in personality

2. Differentiate self-concept from self-esteem

3. Identify characteristics of high and low self-esteem

4. Describe Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

5. Describe the personality traits of highly self-actualizing persons

6. Describe the goals of positive psychology

7. Differentiate pleasure from happiness


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A

e

Genetics

Gender and birth order

Unconscious

Environment

Consciousness

Culture

Health

Personality Includes Every Dimension of Human Experiencing

Age/Stage

Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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People with Positive or Negative Self-Esteem Positive Negative

They tend to: They tend to:

Be generally optimistic Be generally pessimistic

Like most people Be suspicious of most people

Be able to accept compliments easily Be distrustful of compliments

Bring out the best in others Make others uncomfortable

Have good posture; stand tall Slouch; hang back in groups

Consult others in problem areas Keep difficulties hidden

Accept suggestions and advice Reject suggestions

Have internal locus-of-control Have external locus-of-control

View problems as challenges Blame others for problems

Assume responsibilities Avoid responsibilities

Be resilient during crises and difficulties Give up easily on problems Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

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THE HUMANISTIC MOVEMENT IN PSYCHOLOGY

• Before the humanistic movement: Before World War II, psychology was dominated by a focus on:

a. experimental psychology with animals; b. abnormal behavior of people in prisons or in mental institutions.

• The third force movement: Just after WW II, Abraham Maslow institutes the “Third Force” movement of studying healthy persons, or highly self-actualizing subjects.

• Hierarchy of needs: Following the lead of Gordon Allport who objected to the reductionist theory of human nature, Maslow proposes a Hierarchy of Human Needs not shared by other species.

• Positive psychology: In 1998, Martin Seligman initiates a positive psychology thrust to study happy people and calls for “co-conspirators from all walks of life and all professions.


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Maslow’s contribution was to make the study of healthy and creative people a valid topic for psychological investigation.

But what about the rest of us? How could we become self-actualizing? Maslow did not investigate that. It was left for the positive psychology movement to pick up where Maslow left off.


NEWS

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POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: A Further Thrust of Humanistic Psychology

Unhappy people Pursue pleasures which are temporary distractions that need more “fixes” to sustain the pleasure.

Confuse money and material possessionsfor happiness.

Are narrowly concerned Are narrowly concerned about their own pleasures,about their own pleasures,unable or unwilling to be unable or unwilling to be concerned for the well-being concerned for the well-being of others. of others.

Positive psychologists identify personality characteristics of:

Happy people

Are optimistic and enthusiastic and gain energy and joy in doing whatever it is that needs doing.

They are accepting of all peoples different from themselves and work for global harmony.

They are the kind of people who derive joy from helping others and are committed to service to others less fortunate.


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