1

CHAPTER TWO

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PROTECTING EMPLOYEES FROM WORKPLACE HAZARDS

• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury

• Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice

controls to eliminate and reduce hazards Then use appropriate personal protective

equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards.

• Remember, PPE is the last level of control! 2

PAYMENT FOR PPEWhen PPE is required to protect employees, it

must be provided by the employer at no cost to employees, except for specific items, such as:

• Safety-toe footwear,• Prescription safety eyewear,• Everyday clothing and weather-related gear,

and Logging boots

3

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

4

If . . .

The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS (CONT’D)• Initial design specifications• Substitute less harmful material• Change process• Enclose process• Isolate process• Ventilation

5

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS

6

If . . .

Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control.

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS (CONT’D)

• Use of wet methods to suppress dust• Personal hygiene• Housekeeping and maintenance• Job rotation of workers

7

Examples . . .

EXAMPLES OF PPE

• Eye - safety glasses, goggles• Face - face shields• Head - hard hats• Feet - safety shoes• Hands and arms - gloves• Bodies - vests• Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs

8

ESTABLISHING A PPE PROGRAM

• Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation

• First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE

• Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE

9

TRAINING

• When PPE is necessary• What type of PPE is necessary• How to properly put on, take off, adjust,

and wear• Limitations of the PPE• Proper care, maintenance, useful life

10

Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:

EYE PROTECTION

11

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CAUSES OF EYE INJURIES?

• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust

• Molten metal that might splash• Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that

might splash• Blood and other potentially infectious body

fluids that might splash, spray, or splatter• Intense light such as that created by welding

and lasers

12

SAFETY SPECTACLES• Made with

metal/plastic safety frames

• Most operations require side shields

• Used for moderate impact from particles produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling

13

GOGGLES• Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial

area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes

• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

14

WELDING SHIELDS

15

Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from SAAsparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cuttingA

LASER SAFETY GOGGLES

16

Protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers.

FACE SHIELDS

• Protect the face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids

• Do not protect employees from impact hazards

17

HEAD PROTECTION

18

WHAT ARE SOME OF THECAUSES OF HEAD INJURIES?

• Falling objects• Bumping head against fixed objects,

such as exposed pipes or beams• Contact with exposed electrical

conductors

19

CLASSES OF HARD HATSClass G (formerly Class A)1

• General service (e.g., mining, building construction, shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing)

• Good impact protection but limited voltage protection

Class E (formerly Class B)1

• Electrical work• Protect against falling objects, high-voltage

shock/burns

Class C• Designed for comfort, offer limited protection• Protects heads that may bump against fixed objects,

but do not protect against falling objects or electrical shock

20

HEARING PROTECTION

21

EXAMPLES OF HEARING PROTECTORS

22

Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

FOOT PROTECTION

23

WHAT ARE SOME OF THECAUSES OF FOOT INJURIES?

• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet

• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes

• Molten metal that might splash on feet• Hot or wet surfaces• Slippery surfaces

24

SAFETY SHOES• Have impact-resistant toes and

heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries

• Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds

• May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards 25

METATARSAL GUARDS

26

A part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression

HAND PROTECTION

27

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE HAND INJURIES YOU NEED TO GUARD AGAINST?

• Burns• Bruises• Abrasions• Cuts• Punctures• Fractures• Amputations• Chemical Exposures

28

TYPES OF GLOVES

29

Norfoil laminate resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals.

Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors; frequently used for ketones (M.E.K., Acetone) and esters (Amyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate).

TYPES OF GLOVES (CONT’D)

30

OS

HA

Office

of T

rain

ing

an

d E

du

catio

n

Viton is highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents.

Nitrile provides protection against a wide variety of solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions.

TYPES OF GLOVES (CONT’D)

31

Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and abrasion.

Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and lacerations.

BODY PROTECTION

32

WHAT ARE SOME OF THECAUSES OF BODY INJURIES?

• Intense heat• Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids• Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials• Cuts• Hazardous chemicals• Contact with potentially infectious materials,

like blood• Radiation

33

BODY PROTECTION

34

Cooling Vest Sleeves and Apron

BODY PROTECTION

35

CoverallsFull Body Suit

36

Sign

And

symbols

Meaning of particular order signs for PPE

M 001Protect eyes

M 001-01 Use appropriate goggles!

M 001-02 Keep goggles on!

M 001-03 Work with appropriate goggles!

M 001-04 Approach only with appropriate goggles

M 001-05 Use goggles when working with air pistol

M 002Protect head

M 003Protect ears

M 002-01 Work with the safety helmet on!

M 002-02 Entrance only with the safety helmet on

M 002-03 Use the appropriate helmet!

M 002-04 Keep the helmet on!

M 003-01 Work with ear protectors!

M 003-02 Use appropriate ear protectors!

M 003-03 Keep ear protectors on

M 004Protect breathing organs

M 005Protect legs and feet

M 006Protect hands

M 004-01 Work with the protective mask on!

M 004-02 Entrance only with the protective mask on

M 004-03 Use the appropriate protective mask!

M 004-04 Use the respirator!

M 004-05 Use the protective filter!

M 004-06 Use the respirator against dust!

M 004-07 Keep the protective mask on!

M 005-01  Work in safety boots!

M 005-02  Use the appropriate safety boots!

M 005-03  Keep the safety boots on!

M 005-04  Work in insulating boots!

M 006-01  Work with protective gloves!

M 006-02  Work only with insulating gloves!

M 006-03  Use the appropriate protective gloves!

M 006-04  Keep the protective gloves on your hands!

M 009Use safety hanging system

M 008Protect the face

M 007Wear protective clothing

M 007-01  Entrance only in the protective clothing M 007-02  Use the appropriate protective clothing! M 007-03  Keep the protective clothing on

M 008-01  Entrance only with the safety shield on your face!

M 008-02  Use the appropriate shield on your face!

M 008-03  Work with the face shield on!

M 008-04  Keep the safety shield on your face!

M 009-01  Use the safety equipment!

M 009-02  Lock with the safety belt!

M 009-03  Use safety belts! M 009-04  Use safety belts and

rope!

M 010Pedestrian route

M 012Use the overpass

M 010-01  Pedestrians M 010-02  Pedestrians only M 010-03  Use the pedestrian

crossing!

M 012-01  Use the

overpass!

M 011ORDER SIGN (GENERALLY)

M 011-01  Do not close! Working inside M 011-02  Work only here! M 011-03  Get out only here! M 011-04  Work only under the supervision of the person

responsible! M 011-05  The equipment can be operated only by the person

responsible M 011-06  Protective cover can be taken away only when the

equipment is not in operation! M 011-07  Clean, repair, and adjust the machine only when not in

operation! M 011-08  Small injuries are to be treated too! M 011-09  Shut gas conduction before leaving! M 011-10  Disconnect the current before leaving! M 011-11 Press the button in emergency! M 011-12  Turn off in emergency! M 011-13  Ground before starting work! M 011-14  Protect containers against the sun and heat! M 011-15  Discharge high voltage before entering! M 011-16  Discharge high voltage before opening! M 011-17  Work with only not sparking instruments! M 011-18  Leave the transportation area! M 011-19  Delimited area must always be free M 011-20  Pass carefully! M 011-21  Protect against a spontaneous movement! M 011-22  Extinguish with sand! M 011-23  Entrance only in overshoes M 011-24  Use protective equipment for work! M 011-25  Notify dependent workplaces before starting operation! M 011-26  Announce yourself to the manager before entering this

area!

M 013Unplug before opening

M 018Use the safety apron

before opening!

M 013-01  Unplug

• M 018-01 • Use the safety apron

M 014Detach before operating M 014-01  Unplug before working!

M 014-02  Switch off before operating! M 014-03  Switch off before starting working! M 014-04  Switch off before entering! M 014-05  Switch off both sides! M 014-06  Switch off also public lighting! M 014-07  Turn off the switch before entering! M 014-08  Switch off the breaker ...... before entering! M 014-11 Switch off the breaker before taking the cover

away! M 014-10  Switch off the main trolley before getting on the

crane! M 014-09  Switch off the breaker in the crane cabin before

entering! M 014-12  Switch the lights off when leaving the workplace!

M 020Protect eyes and ears

M 019Protect head, eyes and ears

M 019-01  Use the helmet, goggles and ear protectors!

M 020-01  Use goggles and ear praotectors!

M 020-02  Work with goggles and ear protectors!

M 020-03  Do not put goggles and ear

protectors down!

M 021-01  Use the helmet and ear protectors!

M 021-02  Work with the helmet and ear protectors on!

M 021-03  Do not take either the helmet or ear protectors off!

M 021Protect head and ears

M 024Use safety belts

M 023Secure gas tanks

M 022Protect the head and eyes

M 024-01  Use protective belts!

M 024-02  Use safety belts!

M 023-01  Secure gas tanks!

M 023-02  Secure gas flasks against fall with

the metal chain!

M 022-01  Use goggles and the helmet!

M 022-02  Work with goggles and the helmet on!

M 022-03  Do not take goggles and the helmet off!

M 027Smoking area

M 026Wash the hands

M 025For wheelchair users

M 027-01  Area for smoking

M 027-02  Smoking zone M 027-03  Smoke only in

the given place M 027-04  Smoking area.

Keep clean.

M 026-01 Wash your hands!

M 026-02 Wash yourself after finishing work!

M 026-03 Wash your hands before and after milking!

M 025-01  For wheelchair

users!

M 028Directions (Left, Right)

M 028-01  Parking place

drive M 028-02  Use only the

marked road!

DOUBLE-COMBINED SIGNS

D 304 – Gas main breaker! Do not smoke and do not use an open fire within 1.5 m from the switchboard!

D 323 – Watch out, back current! Switch both sides!

Triple-combined signs

T 320 – Watch out - electrical equipment! Do not extinguish with water and foam extinguishers! Equipment may be operated by only the person responsible

T 323 – Watch out – electrical equipment! Do not extinguish with water and foam extinguishers! Switch off in emergency!

CHAPTER TWO [PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT]

50

Q1- Engineering Controls is meaning that …………?Q2-Work Practice Controls is state that ………..?Q3 -How to verify the Engineering Controls?Q4- How to verify the Work Practice Controls?Q5-Give an examples of PPE?Q6- What is some of the causes of eye injuries?Q7-What are some of the causes of head injuries?Q8-mention is classes of Hard Hats?Q9-What is some of the causes of foot injuries?Q10-What is some of the hand injuries you need to guard against?Q11-What is some of the causes of body injuries?