1 Chapter Nine Political Parties. A party is a group that seeks to elect candidates to public...
Transcript of 1 Chapter Nine Political Parties. A party is a group that seeks to elect candidates to public...
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1
Chapter Nine
Political Parties
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Political Parties A party is a group
that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label (party identification), by which they are known to the electorate
llinoisfamily.org
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Political Parties Political Parties serve
three functions:
They exist as a label in the mind of the voters
They serve as an organization that recruits and campaigns for candidates
They help to provide a set of leaders who try to organize and control the government
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John Boehner
projects.washingtonpost.com
Harry Reid
projects.washingtonpost.com
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Parties in the US and Europe
Party loyalty, in the U.S. has diminished
European parties are disciplined gatekeepers, to which voters are very loyal, though this has been declining recently
The federal system decentralizes power in U.S.
Parties are closely regulated by state and federal laws, which weaken them
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gettyimages.com
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The Rise and Decline of Parties
The founders disliked parties, viewing them as factions
During the Jacksonian era political participation became a mass phenomenon
From the Civil War until the 1930s most states were dominated by one party
Progressives pushed measures to curtail parties’ power and influence
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The Results of Reform
The worst forms of political corruption were reduced
All political parties were weakened; parties became less able to hold officeholders accountable or to coordinate across the branches of government
Candidates are now chosen through primaries, not by party leaders
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chicago-freedom-forum.blogspot.com
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Party Realignment
Critical or realigning periods: periods when a sharp, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties
Two kinds of realignments
A major party is defeated so badly that it disappears and a new party emerges
Two existing parties continue but voters shift their loyalty from one to another
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bentley.umich.edu
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Party Realignments 8
1860: slavery issue fixed new loyalties in the popular mind
1896: economic issues shifted loyalties to East/West, city/farm split
1932: economic depression triggered new coalition for Democrats
1960’s: Civil Rights, social issues lead to new coalition for Republicans – south and non-coastal west
realclearpolitics.com
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Party Decline Evidence that parties are declining, not realigning
Proportion of people identifying with a party declined between 1960 and 1980
Proportion of those voting a split ticket increased
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pewresearch.org
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History of Political Parties
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Figure 9.1: Decline in Party Identification, 1952-2002
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National Election Studies, The NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1, and data for 2002 updated by Marc Siegal.
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Figure 9.2: Trends in Split-Ticket Voting For President and Congress, 1920-2000
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Party Structure 13
The national committees are responsible for promoting campaign activities. They also are responsible for developing and promoting the party’s platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy
votevalues.com
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Party Structure14
The chairman on the party is chosen by the President, when they control the White House, or otherwise by the Party’s state committees.
Michael Steele
legaltimes.typepad.com
Tim Kaine
hedishondenver.wordpress.com
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Party Structure 15
The committee’s, under the direction of the party’s presidential candidate, supervises the national convention, raises funds, and coordinates campaign strategy.
majorityap.com
lwdems.org
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Party Structure16
On the local level, there are similar state committees and local committees in the cities, counties, and legislative districts.
ksl.com
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Nominating a President17
Primary: an election in which voters select the candidate who will run on each party’s ticket
Caucus: a meeting of party followers at which delegates are picked
voices.washingtonpost.com
carolinalive.com
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Table 9.1: Who Are the Party Delegates?
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Table 9.5: How Party Delegates and Party Voters Differ in Liberal Ideology
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Kinds of Parties Political machine: a party organization that recruits members via tangible incentives
Ideological party: principle is more important than winning election
Solidary groups: members are motivated by solidarity incentives
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Mayor Richard Daley
aw.umkc.edu
ranspassage.wordpress.com
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Kinds of Parties Sponsored parties: created or sustained by another organization
Personal following: requires an appealing personality, an extensive network, name recognition, and money
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sarahpalininformation.wordpress.com
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Reasons for the Two Party System 22
Electoral system—winner-take-all and plurality system limit the number of parties
Opinions of voters—two broad coalitions work, although there may be times of bitter dissent
State laws have made it very difficult for third parties to get on the ballot
ratiojuris.blogspot.com
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Table 9.4: The Public Rates the Two Parties
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Minor Parties Ideological parties: comprehensive, radical view; most enduring
One-issue parties: address one concern, avoid others
Economic protest parties: regional, protest economic conditions
Factional parties: from split in a major party, usually over the party’s presidential nominee
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iill.net
cas.sc.edu
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Third Parties
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Impact of Minor Parties Conventional
wisdom holds that minor parties develop ideas that the major parties adopt
Factional parties have had probably the greatest influence on public policy
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Free soil Party pushed for the abolition of slavery
ritec-inc.org
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Slide Show History of Third Party Candidates
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