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Chapter 17 “Becoming a World Power”

• 17.1 “The Pressure to Expand” (pg. 584 – 588)

• What factors led to the growth of imperialism around the world?

– Economic Factors

• Natural Resources

• New Markets

– Nationalistic Factors

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–Military Factors• Stronger armies and navies

–Humanitarian Factors• Spread Western Civilization• Spread Christianity

- Imperialist Nations- Great Britain - Russia- France -Japan- Germany -US?

In what ways did the US begin to expand its interests abroad in the mid to late 1800s?

– 1800s Settling the West– 1853 US Commodore Matthew C. Perry

“Opened up Japan”

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1867 Alaska “Seward’s Folly”

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$7.2 Million

William Seward

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1867 Midway Islands were Annexed

What arguments were made in favor of the US expansion in the 1890s?

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Minor Keith

John D. Rockefeller

1.)Business

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– 2.) National Security

• Build a Strong Navy to protect America

• Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660 – 1783 (1890)

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– Preserve American Spirit• The need for a new frontier since the Census

Department declared our’s closed in 1890• Some leaders in favor of expansion

–Theodore Roosevelt–Henry Cabot Lodge–Rev. Josiah Strong–Sen. Albert J. Beveridge–Frederick Jackson Turner

17.2 The Spanish - American War(pg. 589 – 596)

How did the activities of the US in Latin America set the stage for the war with Spain?

– US Intervention in the Western Hemisphere

• Chile (1891)

• Brazil (1893)

• Venezuela (1895)

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What were the events leading up to and following the Spanish-American War?

• Causes of War:– 1.) Cuban Rebellion– Spanish General Valeriano Weyler– Concentration Camps

“The Butcher”

-2.)Yellow JournalismSensationalized

News StoriesNew York World

Joseph Pulitzer

NewYorkJournal William Randolph Hearst

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PulitzerHearst

-3.) Jingoism –

National Pride with an Aggressive Foreign

Policy

-4.) De Lome Letter

Insulting letter written about Pres. McKinley by De Lome

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Dupuy De

Lome

William McKinley

USS Maine

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-5.) Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine

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“Remember the Maine”

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Declaration of War

• Congress declared war in April 1898

• Teller Amendment – US was fighting to free the Cubans and will not seek to acquire Cuba following the defeat of Spain

• War was fought in two “theaters”– The Philippines– Cuba

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The Spanish American War (1898)• Two Theaters

– The Philippines• Theodore Roosevelt – Ass’t Secretary

of the Navy• Dispatched Adm. George Dewey

(May 1)• Dewey and the US Fleet destroyed

the Spanish Fleet at Manila Bay in seven hours

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– Cuba (June 1898)• Leonard Wood and TR led the Rough

Riders at San Juan Hill, Cuba• US Fleet destroyed the Spanish Fleet

at Santiago• Casualties – 5000/500

Secretary of State John Hay called it “A Splendid Little War”

• Only lasted a few months

• Limited Casualties• Gained National Pride• Earned International

Respect• Favorable Peace

Treaty

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Treaty of Paris

• Cuban Independence • Puerto Rico and Guam to US• US purchased the Philippines for

$20,000,000• The Platt Amendment (US & Cuba)

– US Intervention in Cuban Affairs– No treaties with other countries without

US consent– US use of Guantanamo Bay

Other Results of the War

• National Pride

• Worldwide Respect

• Worldwide Empire– Hawaii (1898)– Guam (1898)– The Philippines (1898)– Puerto Rico (1898)– Samoa (1899)

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Why did the US seek to gain influence in the Pacific?• To Protect American Interests

(Trade)• Annexation of Hawaii (July 1898)

• Sanford Dole removed Queen

Liliuokalani from power

• US annexed Hawaii during the war – Port

• Samoa (1899)

• China - Open Door Policy (1899) 23

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Hawaii (1898)

Sanford Dole

William McKinley

Queen Liliuokalani

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

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17.3 A New Foreign Policy (pg. 598 – 603)

• Why did the US want to build the Panama Canal?– Connect the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans– “Big Stick Diplomacy”

• Colombia owned the land• US offered to buy 10-mile-wide stretch• Colombia refused the offer• US Supported a Panamanian Revolt • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

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Construction of the Canal (1904 – 1914)

• France had abandon their attempt during the late 1800s

• Yellow Fever and Malaria

• George Goethals - Engineer

• Dr. William Gorgas - Mosquitos

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What were the goals and results of Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy?

• US Navy = “Big Stick”• The Roosevelt

Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – US Intervention in the Western Hemisphere to preserve stability

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Nobel Peace Prize•Helped negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War (1905)•Portsmouth, NH

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In what ways did the foreign policies of Presidents Taft and Wilson differ from

those of President Roosevelt?• William Howard Taft

(1909 – 1913)

• “Dollar Diplomacy”

– Give Money to Foreign Governments

– Stability through investment, trade, and jobs

• Woodrow Wilson (1913 – 1921)

– “Moral Diplomacy”• Mexico

– Tampico Incident (1914)– Gen. John J. “Black Jack” Pershing– Pancho Villa (1916 – 1917)

• Haiti (1915 – 1934)• Dominican Republic (1916 – 1924)

Foreign Policy (1901 – 1917)

• Summary

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17.4 Debating America’s New Role (pg. 604 – 607)

• What were the main arguments raised by the anti-imperialists?– William Jennings Bryan– Jane Addams– Mark Twain

Arguments raised by the anti-imperialists

• Moral and Political Arguments– A nation established on the principle of liberty

should not deprive others of that right– We should not have large standing armies

• Racial Arguments– Anglo-Saxon superiority

• Economic Arguments– Too costly– Cheap labor

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Why did imperialism appeal to many Americans?

• New places and exciting people

• New markets

• Becoming a world power

• The Great White Fleet (1907 – 1909)

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How was American imperialism viewed from abroad?

• With our expanded role in the world came new responsibilities. At times we would take sides on issues affecting many people. Some nations grew dissatisfied with some of our decisions. From that time until now we have had to deal with this expanded role.

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