1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.
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Transcript of 1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.
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Change and development of Japan
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Content Focus
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Meiji Period
[1868-1912]
Taisho Period
[ 1912-1926]
Showa Period
[1926-1989 ]
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
Early 20th CenturyEarly 20th Century
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• Political conditions
• Social conditions
• Economic conditions
• Cultural conditions
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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
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Meiji ConstitutionRise of political parties, e.g. Seiyukai (政友會 ) & Minseito (民政黨 )Rise of ultra-nationalist activitiesHow democratic?
Political ConditionsPolitical Conditions
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
1. Democratic Development1. Democratic Development
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2. Foreign Relations2. Foreign Relations
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1900-01: Eight-Power Expedition1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance1904-05: Russo-Japanese War1914-18: WWI1921-22: Washington Conference1924-27 & 29-31: Shidehara Diplomacy1931: Shenyang Incident
1900-01: Eight-Power Expedition1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance1904-05: Russo-Japanese War1914-18: WWI1921-22: Washington Conference1924-27 & 29-31: Shidehara Diplomacy1931: Shenyang Incident
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
Relations:
• friendly? peaceful? hostile?
• change and continuity
Relations:
• friendly? peaceful? hostile?
• change and continuity
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1. Westernized? Traditional?1. Westernized? Traditional?
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Westernized:
• Social equality
• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,
Traditional:
•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi
•Religious ceremonies
•Kimono
Westernized:
• Social equality
• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,
Traditional:
•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi
•Religious ceremonies
•Kimono
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
Social Conditions
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1. Westernized? Traditional?1. Westernized? Traditional?
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Westernized:
• Social equality
• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,
Traditional:
•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi
•Religious ceremonies
•Kimono (和服 )
Westernized:
• Social equality
• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,
Traditional:
•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi
•Religious ceremonies
•Kimono (和服 )
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
Social Conditions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw8yI2giR14http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw8yI2giR14
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2. Prosperity? Poverty?2. Prosperity? Poverty?
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Urbanization
Widening gap between the urban and rural areas
Urbanization
Widening gap between the urban and rural areas
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
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3. High degree of freedom?
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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
Basic human rights under the Meiji Constitution
Many labour organizations & movements
1920: New Women’s Association
Extent of the freedom?
Basic human rights under the Meiji Constitution
Many labour organizations & movements
1920: New Women’s Association
Extent of the freedom?
The women's
class of the Iwate
Teachers' School.,
1914
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1. Economic prosperity? Rapid industrialization & strong influence of Zaibatsu
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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
A Match Factory in Late Taisho
Economic ConditionsEconomic Conditions
Yasuda (安田 )
Mitsubishi (三菱 )
Mitsui (三井 ) Sumitomo (住友 )
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2. Economic Ups and Downs
Economic boom: Economic bust: • 1923: Great
Tokyo Earthquake
• 1927: Bank Crisis• 1929: Great
Depression
2. Economic Ups and Downs
Economic boom: Economic bust: • 1923: Great
Tokyo Earthquake
• 1927: Bank Crisis• 1929: Great
Depression
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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
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1. Western Culture? Traditional Culture?1. Western Culture? Traditional Culture?
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-Western and Japanese movies, drama
-Shintoism (state religion), Confucianism, Ukiyo-e (浮世澮 )
-Western and Japanese movies, drama
-Shintoism (state religion), Confucianism, Ukiyo-e (浮世澮 )
Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
Cultural ConditionsCultural Conditions
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Characteristics: Pseudo-democracy Bi-polarisation Co-existence of westernization and tradition Race between freedom and power/authority Alternation of amity and hostility
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Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century
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Rise of MilitarismRise of Militarism
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Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
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1. Militaristic Tradition1. Militaristic Tradition
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism
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2.Weaknesses of the Party Government2.Weaknesses of the Party Government
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Corruption of the PartiesLack of Mass SupportEconomic Crises
Corruption of the PartiesLack of Mass SupportEconomic Crises
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism
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3. Rise of domestic needs
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
A Japanese poster promoting emigration to Korea and Manchuria in the 1930s
A Japanese poster promoting emigration to Korea and Manchuria in the 1930s
A Japanese poster recruiting youngsters to join the army to invade ManchuriaA Japanese poster recruiting youngsters to join the army to invade Manchuria
Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism
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4. Inglorious Foreign Policy 4. Inglorious Foreign Policy
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Japan in Washington ConferenceJapan in Washington Conference
Japan in London Naval Conference of 1930Japan in London Naval Conference of 1930
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism
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5. Rise of Extreme Nationalistic Ideas
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Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
6. Western Discrimination
7. International Circumstances
Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism
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• Reasons for the Rise of Militarism• Reasons for the Rise of Militarism
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Militaristic TraditionWeaknesses of the Party GovernmentWestern discrimination against Japan
Inglorious Foreign Policy Growing domestic needs
Rise of Extreme Nationalistic IdeasInternational Situation
•Relations between conditions in the early period and the rise of militarism
•Relative importance?
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
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Characteristics of militarism:• Emphasis on the use of force• Stress on absolute loyalty and obedience• Promotion of foreign expansion• Pan-Asianism• Anti-communism
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
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Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Impact on Japan’s Relations with other countries
Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism
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Foreign Expansion
Just this one?
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism
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Rise of extreme nationalistsMilitaristic associationsPolitical instabilityCollapse of the party government
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Impact on Japan’s domestic development
Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism
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Political Control of the militaristsSuppressive livelihood
Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact
Impact on Japan’s domestic development
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1. Economic Reconstruction (1945 – 1952)2. Economic Boom (1955 – 70)3. Period of Transformation(1971 - 79)4. Economic Slowdown(1980 onwards)
1. Economic Reconstruction (1945 – 1952)2. Economic Boom (1955 – 70)3. Period of Transformation(1971 - 79)4. Economic Slowdown(1980 onwards)
Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
Stages of the Postwar Economic Growth Stages of the Postwar Economic Growth
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Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
Hiroshima after WWIIHiroshima after WWIINagasaki after WWIINagasaki after WWII
Postwar Economic Situation
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Postwar Economic Situation
Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
百年物語 disk2百年物語 disk2
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• Reasons for each period???
• Common Factors???
• Reasons for each period???
• Common Factors???
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Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
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• Common Factors • Common Factors
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Role of the US: SCAP & Post-SCAP Policies Active Role of the Japanese Government National Characters of the JapaneseFavourable International Circumstances
Importance? Relative Importance?Importance? Relative Importance?
Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
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Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
Economic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recovery
Open-air shopping street in 1945 Open-air shopping street in 1945
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Economic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recovery
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Factors for Postwar Economic Growth
Jusco in the 1970s.Jusco in the 1970s.
A shopping street in 1955A shopping street in 1955
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• Political Relations
• Economic Relations
• Cultural Relations
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Relations with Other Asian Countries
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Relations with Other Asian Countries
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• Chronological approach• Chronological approach
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1950s1960s1970s1980s and after
1950s1960s1970s1980s and after
•Problem: confined to political and economic aspects •Problem: confined to political and economic aspects
Relations with Other Asian Countries
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Thematic approach
Thematic approach
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Political: improving relations with Asian countries
Political: improving relations with Asian countries
•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??
•Relations with Other Asian Countries
Obstacles:• Denials of Aggression• Official visits to Yasukuni Shrine• Denials to Asian people's Quest for War
Compensation• Territorial Disputes with China
Obstacles:• Denials of Aggression• Official visits to Yasukuni Shrine• Denials to Asian people's Quest for War
Compensation• Territorial Disputes with China
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Economic: From limited economic contact to strengthening economic relations with Asian countries
Relations with Other Asian Countries
Thematic approach
Thematic approach
•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??
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Cultural: increasing cultural influences of Japan in Asian countries
Relations with Other Asian Countries
Thematic approach
Thematic approach
•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??
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Change and development of Japan: Highlights
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• What are the characteristics of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the early 20th century Japan?
• What economic problems did Japan face? What attempts did the government make to solve them?
• Was Japan a liberal country in the early 20th century?
• What are the characteristics of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the early 20th century Japan?
• What economic problems did Japan face? What attempts did the government make to solve them?
• Was Japan a liberal country in the early 20th century?
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Change and development of Japan: Highlights