1. Base Programming - Le site web des Mathématiques du...

1.BaseProgramming

GIORGIORUSSOLILLO-Coursdeprépara+onàlacer+fica+onSAS«BaseProgramming» 10

WhatisSAS

•  Highlyflexibleandintegratedsokwareenvironment;youcanuseSASfor:


BaseSAS

Thefounda+onofSASsokwareiscalledBaseSAS.


ThiscourseassumesthatyouarerunningBaseSASsokwareinthewindowingenvironment

WhichprogrammingworkspaceamIusing?•  Help->About


Setupprac+cedata

TocreateapermanentSASlibrarynamedsasuser:

•  Help->LearningSASprogramming->OK


SASprogram


ASASprogramisadatafilethatisformabedinawaythatSAScanunderstand.Itcanconsistofoneormoresteps:aDATAstep,aPROCsteporanycombina1onofthetwo

DATAstep

YouuseaDATAstepto:-  PutyourdatainaSASdataset-  Computevalues-  Checkforandcorrecterrorsinyourdata-  ProducenewSASdatasetsbysubsepng,

supersepng,mergingandupda+ngexis+ngdata

WithaDATAstepyoucancreateormodifydatasets:


PROCStepInvokepre-wribenrou+nesthatenableyoutoanalyzeandprocessthedatainaSASdataset

YoucanusePROCstepsto:-  Createareportthatliststhedata-  Producedecrip+vesta+s+cs-  Createasummaryreport-  Produceplotandchart


Generallyaprograminvolvesacombina+onofthetwostepslikethis:


SASStatements

19GIORGIORUSSOLILLO-Coursdeprépara+onàlacer+fica+onSAS«BaseProgramming»

ASASprogramconsistsofstatementsASASstatement:-  UsuallybeginswithaSASkeyword-  Alwaysendswithasemicolon

ASASprogram


UnderstandingaSASprogram•  Treesteps..


..13statements..


..Amongthemtwoglobalstatements:


-  Globalstatementsareall-alone-statements.-  YoucanuseglobalstatementsanywhereinaSASprogram.-  Globalstatementsarenotexecutable;theytakeeffectassoonasSAScompilesprogramstatements.

SASstatementsarefreeformat

-  Theycanbeginandendanywhereonaline-  Astatementcancon+nueonseverallines-  Severalstatementscanbeonthesameline-  BlanksorspecialcharactersseparatewordsinaSASstatement


Bounderiesofastep:-  AstepbeginsbyDATAorPROCstatements-  AstependsbyRUNorQUITstatement(althoughtheRUNstatementisnotalways

requiredbetweensteps,usingitcanmaketheSASprogrameasiertoreadanddebug)-  Atthestepboundary,SAS:i)executesanystatementsthathavenotpreviously

executedii)endsthestep

ProcessingaprogramDATAsasuser.admit2;SETsasuser.admit;WHEREage>39;RUN;PROCPRINTDATA=sasuser.admit2;RUN;

StepsaresubmibedinEnhancedEditororinProgramEditorwindows

Whenyousubmitaprogram,SASexecutesitstepbystep.

-  AlogisgeneratedintheLogwindow(forbothPROCandDATAsteps)

-  ReportsaregeneratedinOutput(asalist)andinResultsViewer(inHTML)windows

formostofPROCsteps(excep+ons:copy,sort...).YoucanfindreportsalsoinResultswindow. GIORGIORUSSOLILLO-Coursdeprépara+onàlacer+fica+onSAS«BaseProgramming» 25

ReportWindow

PROCREPORTDATA=sasuser.admitWINDOWS;COLUMNSidnamssexageactlevel;

RUN;

SomeSASprogramopenaninterac+vewindow,suchasaREPORTwindow.Youcanusethiswindowtodirectlymodifydata


Programmingworkspace:EditorWindows


Programmingworkspace:EditorWindows

EnhancedEditorFeatures:-  OpeningSASprograms-  Entering,edi+ngandsubmipngSAS

programs-  Usingthecommandlineormenus-  SavingSASprograms-  Clearingcontents

-  ColorCodingandsintaxchecking-  Expandableandcollapsibilesec+ons-  Recordablemacros-  Supportforkeyboardshortcuts-  Mul+-levelundoandredo

ProgramEditorFeatures:-  OpeningSASprograms-  Entering,edi+ngandsubmipngSAS

programs-  Usingthecommandlineormenus-  SavingSASprograms-  Clearingcontents

-  RecallingSubmibedstatements


Forclearanyofthesewindows,whenthewindowisac+ve:Edit->Clearall

SepngresultformatsTwoformats:Lis+ngandHTML.Differentversions,differentdefault.-  BothHTMLandLISTINGarethedefaultinSAS9.3inWindowsandUNIX-  JustHTMListhedefaultinSAS9.4inWindowsandUNIX

-  Inotherplavorms,youhavejustLISTINGmode,butyoucancreateHTMLoutputusingprogrammingstatements

-  YoucanchoosetoshowtheHTMLoutputinanotherbrowser

Tools->Op+ons->Preferences->Results


TheLogwindows-  TheLogwindowdisplaysmessagesaboutyourSASsessionandaboutanySAS

programsthatyousubmit.-  Todisplaythiswindow:View->Log-  Toclearthiswindow:Edit->Clearall


Theoutputwindows-  TheOutputandResultViewerwindowslistoutputfromSASprogramthatyou

submit.-  OutputshowsresultsinLISTINGmode,ResultsViewershowsresultsinHTML

mode-  Bydefaulttheyarebehindtheeditorandthelogwindows.Whenyoucreate

output,theyautoma+callymovetothefrontofyourdisplay(OutputbehindResultViewer).

-  Todisplayoutputwindow:View->Output

-  TheResultswindowlistsandarrangesinatreestructuretheoutput.-  Itallowsbrowsingoutputeasily-  Itallowsviewing,savingandprin+ngindividualitemsofoutput-  ItdislaysseparateiconsforLISTINGandHTMLoutputs-  Todisplaythiswindow:View->ResultsGIORGIORUSSOLILLO-Coursdeprépara+onàlacer+fica+onSAS«BaseProgramming» 31

TheexplorerwindowTheExplorerwindowallowsyouto-  ViewandmanageSASfiles(inthelibraries)butalsonon-SAS(external)files.-  CreatenewlibrariesandSASfiles-  Moving,copinganddele+ngfiles-  Createshortcutstoexternalfiles.-  Todisplaythiswindow:View->Explorer


SASLibraries-  ASASlibraryisa

collec+onofSASfiles

storedinthesame

directory

-  TemporarySASlibrarieslastonly

forthecurrentsession

-  PermanentSASLibrariesare

availableduringsubsequent

sessions


ReferringaSASdataset

libref Filename

Theyrefertothesame(temporary)library

Twolevel(dividedbyaperiod)names:



Ifyoudon’tspecifyalibrarynamewhenyoucreateafile(oryouspecifythelibrarynameWork),thefileisstoredinthetemporarySASdatalibrary

RulesforSASfilenamesandlibref

Filename-  Canbe1to32characterslong

-  Mustbeginwithaleber(uppercaseorlowercase)oranunderscore

-  Cancon+nuewithanycombina+onofnumbers,lebersorunderscores

Ex:Payroll,LABDATA1995_1997,E+matedTaxPayments3

Libref-  Canbe1to8characterslong




SASDatasets


ASASDatasetisafilethatconsistsoftwoparts:

adescriptorpor0on

and

adatapor0on

Descrip+onpor+onPROCCONTENTSDATA=sasuser.insure;RUN;

-  Nameofthedataset

-  Dateand+methedatasetwascreated

-  Thenumberofobserva+ons

-  Thenumberofvariables

-  Theproper1es(aKributes)ofeachvariable


VariableAbributes:Name

VariableName,astheFileName:

-  Canbe1to32characterslong




VariableAbributes:Type

-  Cancontainanyvalues

-  Ablankrepresentsamissingvalueforcharactervariables

-  Cancontainonlynumericvalues

-  Aperiodrepresentsamissingvaluefornumericvariables


VariableAbributes:LengthLengthismeasuredinbytes

(1character->1byte)


Numericvariablesarestoredbydefaultin8bytes

Variableabributes:Format&Informat

FormatindicateshowadatavalueisdisplayedbySASEx:Todisplaythevalue1234as$1,234.00youcanusetheDOLLAR8.2format

InformatindicateshowarawdatavalueisreadbySASinordertobeconvertedinaSASdatavalueEx:$12,345.00containstwospecialcharacters.Youcanuseinformatop+onCOMMA10.forremovingdollarsymbolandcomma,inordertostore12345asanumericvalue


Variableabributes:Label

Thelabelisadescrip+vetextupto256characterlong


Datapor+on

PROCPRINTDATA=sasuser.insurenoobs;RUN;

Itisacollec+onofvaluesarrangedinarectangulartable


FileShortcutsYoucancreateafileshortcuttoanexternalfileandstoreitintheFileShortcutsfolderintheExplorerwindow.-  filerefisanop+onalnamethatisusedtoiden+fyanexternalfileinSAS.-  youcanuseafileshortcuttoopenbrowseandsubmitafile-  Whenyoudeleteafileshortcut,thepointertothefileisdeleted.Howeverthe

files+llexistsinitsphysicalloca+on


HelpUsingthiswindowisataskorientedhelpreferringtotheac+vewindow.Otherop+onsofthehelpmenu:-  SAShelpandDocumenta+on(completeguidetoSAS)-  Gepngstartedtutorials-  LearningSASprogramming(createdatasetusedintraining)-  SASontheweb(technicalsupport)


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