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Animal ScienceAnimal Science
Agriscience Agriscience ApplicationsApplications
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ObjectiveObjective
Investigate careers related to the field of Investigate careers related to the field of animal scienceanimal science
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Careers in AgriscienceCareers in Agriscience
Most entry-level jobs require a high Most entry-level jobs require a high school diplomaschool diploma
20% require college degrees20% require college degrees Some careers require advanced degreesSome careers require advanced degrees
VeterinarianVeterinarian Highly technical task (embryo transfer)Highly technical task (embryo transfer)
High school agriculture class is a good High school agriculture class is a good startstart
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Careers in AgriscienceCareers in Agriscience
The largest number of employment The largest number of employment positions are engineers & scientistspositions are engineers & scientists
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ObjectiveObjective
Examine tools related to the animal Examine tools related to the animal science industryscience industry
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Animal Science ToolsAnimal Science Tools
Candling LightCandling Light View the interior of eggsView the interior of eggs
Castration toolsCastration tools BurdizzoBurdizzo CastratorCastrator
Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination Artificial vagina to collect semenArtificial vagina to collect semen Insemination straw for the disposition of semen Insemination straw for the disposition of semen
into the femaleinto the female
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CandlingCandling
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Animal Science ToolsAnimal Science Tools
Management toolsManagement tools DehornerDehorner Rectal thermometerRectal thermometer Syringe for injectionsSyringe for injections ““V” notcher for identification of swineV” notcher for identification of swine
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Animal Science ToolsAnimal Science Tools
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ObjectiveObjective
Analyze the various breeds of beef, Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and poultry as related to use and swine and poultry as related to use and the economic value of eachthe economic value of each
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Beef BreedsBeef Breeds
English Breeds (European, English Breeds (European, Bos Bos taurustaurus))Angus- black breed with excellent meat Angus- black breed with excellent meat
qualityqualityHereford- red with a white faceHereford- red with a white faceShorthorn- used in the bloodline of more Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more
than 30 other breedsthan 30 other breeds
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AngusAngus
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HerefordHereford
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ShorthornShorthorn
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Exotic BreedsExotic Breeds
CharolaisCharolais white color and a stocky body white color and a stocky body
LimousineLimousine golden red body colorgolden red body color
SimmentalSimmental red body with white spots on face and legs red body with white spots on face and legs
some are solidsome are solid
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CharolaisCharolais
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LimousineLimousine
Moo
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SimmentalSimmental
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American BreedsAmerican Breeds
Good heat toleranceGood heat tolerance Good at resisting diseaseGood at resisting disease Resulted from crossing Brahman cattle Resulted from crossing Brahman cattle
from India with English breedsfrom India with English breeds
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BrahmanBrahman
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BeefmasterBeefmaster
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BrangusBrangus
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Beef BreedsBeef Breeds
Breeds in America have been developed Breeds in America have been developed by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from IndiaBreeds from India
Resulted in:Resulted in: Increased heat toleranceIncreased heat tolerance Parasite (worms, lice) resistanceParasite (worms, lice) resistance Resist diseaseResist disease
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Dairy Dairy BreedsBreeds
HolstineHolstine 90% of the dairy cattle in the US90% of the dairy cattle in the US Black and whiteBlack and white Leading producer of milkLeading producer of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk
per cow per yearper cow per year
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Dairy BreedsDairy Breeds
Other BreedsOther Breeds Guernsey- fawn and whiteGuernsey- fawn and white Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost blackJersey- cream to light fawn to almost black
• Number one in Number one in milk fatmilk fat
Ayrshire-cherry red and whiteAyrshire-cherry red and white Brown Swiss- solid brownBrown Swiss- solid brown
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HolsteinHolstein
The folks at Chik-fil-a obviously don’t know that a Holstein is a dairy cow
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JerseyJerseyNotice the lack of muscle as compared to a beef cow
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Swine and Swine and Poultry Poultry BreedsBreeds
Objective: Analyze the difference Objective: Analyze the difference between swine and poultrybetween swine and poultry
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Some Famous PigsSome Famous Pigs
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Swine BreedsSwine Breeds
American LandraceAmerican Landrace DurocDuroc Chester WhiteChester White HampshireHampshire YorkshireYorkshire
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American LandraceAmerican Landrace
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DurocDuroc
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Chester WhiteChester White
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HampshireHampshire
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YorkshireYorkshire
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More Famous PigsMore Famous Pigs
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Swine IndustrySwine Industry
The swine industry has changed from the The swine industry has changed from the lard type hog to a lean type demanded by lard type hog to a lean type demanded by consumers todayconsumers today
Types of operations:Types of operations: Feeder-pigFeeder-pig Market-hogMarket-hog Farrow to FinishFarrow to Finish
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Swine IndustrySwine Industry
Purebred producers produce high quality Purebred producers produce high quality boars:boars: Improves the genetic make-upImproves the genetic make-up Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to
increase hybrid vigorincrease hybrid vigor
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Poultry ProductionPoultry Production
Classified as:Classified as: BroilersBroilers
Grown for meatGrown for meat
LayersLayers egg producersegg producers
White Leghorn are used mostly for egg White Leghorn are used mostly for egg productionproduction
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Broiler or layer Broiler or layer operation?operation?
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Inside a broiler houseInside a broiler house
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LayersLayers
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Poultry IndustryPoultry Industry
Another Class of Chicken is the BantamAnother Class of Chicken is the Bantam Miniature versions of standard breedsMiniature versions of standard breeds Primarily for showPrimarily for show
90% of the turkeys grown are broad 90% of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whitesbreasted whites
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Poultry IndustryPoultry Industry
Dutch Bantam Chicken
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Carcass and Parts Carcass and Parts Grading (do not have to Grading (do not have to write)write)
Exposed Flesh Exposed Flesh (2 pound to 6 pound birds)(2 pound to 6 pound birds)
Grade AGrade A Breast and leg can not have over 1/4 inchBreast and leg can not have over 1/4 inch Other parts can have a maximum of 1 and 1/2 Other parts can have a maximum of 1 and 1/2
inchesinches
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Carcass and Parts Carcass and Parts GradingGrading
Exposed Flesh Exposed Flesh (continued)(continued)
Grade BGrade B No more than 1/3 of the total flesh of each No more than 1/3 of the total flesh of each
particular part can be exposedparticular part can be exposed Meat yield cannot be affected (i.e. no missing Meat yield cannot be affected (i.e. no missing
meat)meat)
Grade CGrade C No limitNo limit
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What Grade is What Grade is this?this?
Grade A
No Defects
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B Grade
Back is cut out halfway between the base of the tail and the hip joints
What Grade is this?What Grade is this?
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B Grade.
Parts of wing
removed beyond
the second joint
What Grade is this?What Grade is this?
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C Grade.
Entire wing
removed
What Grade is this?What Grade is this?
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C grade
Protruding broken bone in wing tip
What Grade is this?What Grade is this?
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Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition
ObjectiveObjective: Determine the nutritional : Determine the nutritional requirements for livestock and requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North poultry breeds found in North CarolinaCarolina
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Turn to page 519. Define Turn to page 519. Define the terms.the terms.
NutritionNutrition ObesityObesity RationRation VitaminVitamin MineralMineral ProteinProtein CarbohydratesCarbohydrates HormonesHormones RuminantRuminant RumenRumen
RoughageRoughage MonogastricMonogastric ConcentratesConcentrates FatFat SupplementSupplement Feed additiveFeed additive AntibioticAntibiotic TDNTDN Green roughageGreen roughage SilageSilage
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Major NutrientsMajor Nutrients WaterWater ProteinProtein CarbohydratesCarbohydrates MineralsMinerals VitaminsVitamins Fats and OilsFats and Oils
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WaterWater Largest component of all living Largest component of all living
thingsthings Animals tissue is about 75%Animals tissue is about 75%
Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature PerspirationPerspiration
Transports nutrientsTransports nutrients Involved in all biochemical Involved in all biochemical
reactionsreactions
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ProteinsProteins Major component of muscles and tissuesMajor component of muscles and tissues Made up of amino acidsMade up of amino acids Continuously needed to replace dying Continuously needed to replace dying
body cellsbody cells Young animals need large amounts for Young animals need large amounts for
growthgrowth
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Composed of sugar and starchesComposed of sugar and starches Provide energy and heatProvide energy and heat Make up 75% of most animal rationsMake up 75% of most animal rations Main source:Main source:
CornCorn Cereal grainsCereal grains
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MineralsMinerals 15 essential minerals:15 essential minerals:
Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. Example: calcium is needed in poultry for Example: calcium is needed in poultry for
eggshell developmenteggshell development
Minerals are supplied by:Minerals are supplied by: Naturally Naturally Mineral supplementsMineral supplements
Mineral (lick) blocksMineral (lick) blocks
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VitaminsVitamins Needed in small quantitiesNeeded in small quantities Need for vitamins varies from species to Need for vitamins varies from species to
speciesspecies Sources:Sources:
Naturally found in feedNaturally found in feed Feed additives made from animal by-Feed additives made from animal by-
productsproducts Made by the body itselfMade by the body itself
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Fats and OilsFats and Oils Only needed in small amountsOnly needed in small amounts Improves:Improves:
FlavorFlavor PalatabilityPalatability TextureTexture
Increases fattening and milk productionIncreases fattening and milk production Carriers of some vitaminsCarriers of some vitamins
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Classes of FeedClasses of Feed
ConcentratesConcentrates Low in fiberLow in fiber Cereal grainsCereal grains Animal and Plant by-productsAnimal and Plant by-products
Roughages (high fiber)Roughages (high fiber) Dry roughage is hayDry roughage is hay Green roughage includes pasturesGreen roughage includes pastures Silage is roughage fermented from green Silage is roughage fermented from green
chopchop
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TDNTDN Total Digestible NutrientsTotal Digestible Nutrients
Concentrates are high in TDNConcentrates are high in TDN
Roughages are low in TDNRoughages are low in TDN
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Animal Animal Digestive Digestive SystemsSystemsObjectiveObjective: Compare animal : Compare animal digestive systems of beef, swine, digestive systems of beef, swine, and poultryand poultry
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RuminantsRuminants
Ruminant Digestive System
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RuminantsRuminants
Cattle, sheep, goats, deerCattle, sheep, goats, deer Four compartments to their stomachFour compartments to their stomach Can eat more roughage in their dietCan eat more roughage in their diet
GrassGrass HayHay SilageSilage Green ChopGreen Chop
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MonogastricMonogastric
Simple Digestive System
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MonogastricMonogastric Swine, horses, rabbits, humansSwine, horses, rabbits, humans Stomach has one compartmentStomach has one compartment Rations must be high in concentratesRations must be high in concentrates
GrainsGrains CornCorn
Animals can not digest large amounts of Animals can not digest large amounts of fiber or roughagefiber or roughage
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PoultryPoultry
ChickensChickens TurkeysTurkeys DucksDucks GeeseGeese
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PoultryPoultry No true stomachNo true stomach Can not store large amounts of foodCan not store large amounts of food Birds do not have teeth for chewingBirds do not have teeth for chewing Food is swallowed wholeFood is swallowed whole
Stored in cropStored in crop Ground up in the gizzardGround up in the gizzard