1 3: Inter-Act, 13 th Edition 3: Inter-Act, 13 th Edition CultureCulture.
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Transcript of 1 3: Inter-Act, 13 th Edition 3: Inter-Act, 13 th Edition CultureCulture.
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3: Inter-Act, 133: Inter-Act, 13thth
EditionEdition
CultureCultureCultureCulture
Intercultural Intercultural CommunicationCommunication
Interactions that occur between people whose
cultures are so different that the communication between them is altered
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• The system of beliefs, values, and attitudes shared by a particular segment of the population
• The psychological discomfort of adjusting to a new cultural situation
CultureCulture Culture Culture Shock Shock
Dominant CultureDominant Culture
Culture within a society whose attitudes, values, beliefs, and customs hold
the majority opinion
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Co-CulturesCo-Cultures
Groups of people living within a dominant culture who are clearly different from the dominant culture
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Co-CulturesCo-Cultures1. Gender
2. Race
3. Ethnicity
4. Sexual orientation and gender
identity
5. Religion
6. Social class
7. Generation
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Identifying Cultural Identifying Cultural Similarities and Similarities and
DifferencesDifferences• Individualism-Collectivism: Individualism-Collectivism: extent to which people in a culture are integrated into groups
• Uncertainty Avoidance: Uncertainty Avoidance: extent to which people in a culture avoid unpredictability regarding people, relationships, and events
• Power Distance: Power Distance: amount of difference in power between people, institutions, and organizations in a culture
• Masculinity-Femininity:Masculinity-Femininity: extent to which notions of "maleness" and "femaleness" are valued in a culture
• Time Orientation: Time Orientation: differences in how cultures perceive time
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Individualism-Individualism-CollectivismCollectivism
Individualistic cultures value:
Personal rights and responsibilities
Competition and personal achievement
Self-expressionPrivacy
Collectivist cultures value:
Community, strong connection to groups
Harmony and cooperation
Avoiding embarrassment
Group interests over self-interests
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Uncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty AvoidanceLow Uncertainty Avoidance
Comfortable with unpredictability
Takes risksFew rulesAccepts multiple perspectives of “truth”
High Uncertainty Avoidance
Creates systems of formal rules
Believes in absolute truth
Less tolerant of deviant ideas or behaviors
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Power DistancePower DistanceHigh Power Distance
Power distributed unequally
Power imbalances seen as natural
Power is respected
Low Power Distance
Power is distributed equally
Inequalities are downplayed
People with power are not feared
Democracy is valued
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Masculinity-FemininityMasculinity-FemininityMasculine Cultures
Traditional sex-based roles followed
Men are assertive and dominant
Women are nurturing, service-oriented
Male traits valued over female traits
Feminine CulturesRoles not based on one’s sex
People free to act in nontraditional ways
Feminine traits valued
Both men and women demonstrate both masculine and feminine behaviors
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Time OrientationTime OrientationMonochronic
Value punctualityFollow plans
PolychronicValue flexible schedules
Multitasking
U.S. RankingsU.S. Rankings(among 53 Countries/Regions)(among 53 Countries/Regions)
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15t
h
43r
d
38t
h
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Cultural ContextCultural ContextLow-Context
Direct verbal messages
Speakers expected to say what they mean
High-ContextIndirect meaningUnderstood by referring to unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behavior
“Read between the lines”
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Barriers to Effective Barriers to Effective Intercultural Intercultural CommunicationCommunication
• Anxiety
• Assuming similarity or difference culture
• Ethnocentrism
• Stereotyping
• Incompatible communication codes
• Incompatible norms and values
Pyramid Model of Pyramid Model of Intercultural CompetenceIntercultural Competence
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Intercultural Intercultural Communication Communication CompetenceCompetence• Intercultural competence: effective
and appropriate behavior and communication in intercultural situations
• Internal outcomes: • Informed frame of reference, filter shift
• Adaptability, flexibility • Ethnorelativism: point of view that allows you to see value in other cultural perspectives
• Empathy
Intercultural Intercultural CompetenceCompetence
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External outcome: Behaving and communicating effectively and appropriately to achieve your goals