Food Safety Fertilizers, Pesticides, Preservatives, and Bacteria.
1 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria - Get food from an outside source Cyanobacteria - Make their own...
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Transcript of 1 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria - Get food from an outside source Cyanobacteria - Make their own...
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2 TYPES OF BACTERIA:
Bacteria - Get food from an outside source
Cyanobacteria - Make their own food
Bacteria - small one celled monerans
Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment
They are found almost everywhere:
-water -air
-soil -food
-skin -inside the body
-on most objects
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Spiralspirilla
Rod-Shaped bacilli, bacillus
Roundcocci
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
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3 Shapes of BacteriaBacillus anthracis –
(bacillus) – causes the disease anthrax in livestock (cows)Neisseria meningitidis (coccus) – causes meningitis, a life threatening disease where the brain becomes inflammed
Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla)
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• Binary Fission - the process of one organism dividing into two organisms
• Fission is a type of asexual reproduction
Reproduction of Bacteria
•Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent
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• The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are
• Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions
• Some can reproduce every 20 minutes
(one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)
Reproduction of Bacteria
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Bacteria Survival
Endospore -a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell• they are the major cause of food poisoning
• they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions• it encloses all the nuclear materials
and some cytoplasm
• allows the bacteria to survive for many years
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Controlling Bacteria3 ways to control
bacteria:1) Canning - the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria
* endospores are killed during this process
2) Pasteurization - process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria
3) Dehydrating-removing water from food
* Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal
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Harmful Bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria – bacteria which cause disease. Enter a body and take nutrients from the host or produce toxins
- Lyme disease - cholera- bubonic plague - Tuberculosis- salmonella
Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another
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Helpful Bacteria• Decomposers help recycle nutrients into
the soil for other organisms to grow
• Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
• Many are used to make antibiotics that can treat bacterial diseases
• Some bacteria help make insulin that help people with diabetes
• Used to make industrial chemicals
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• Used to treat sewage
Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.
• foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in
milk
Helpful Bacteria
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Controlling BacteriaAntiseptic vs. Disinfectants
Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things
• means – “against infection”
Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash
Disinfectants - stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things
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BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA
Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water
can be toxic to humans and animals