0930 australianlegalcontextforchinese mariohonormanwaterhouse english
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Australia Legal Context Overview 澳洲法律制度一瞥 Maria Ho 何卓琳律师 Partner 合伙人 12 July 2012 2012 年 7月 12 日 南澳华特律师事务所
Transcript of 0930 australianlegalcontextforchinese mariohonormanwaterhouse english
Australia Legal Context Overview
澳洲法律制度一瞥
Maria Ho 何卓琳律师
Partner 合伙人
12 July 2012 2012 年 7月 12 日
南澳华特律师事务所
Levels of Laws
澳洲法例层次
Laws of Commonwealth, State/Territories and Local
Governments
分联邦、六省、二领地及各地区政府法例
Commonwealth Govt - only legislate matters in the
Constitution eg corporations, migration
联邦政府只能就联邦宪法上所提的事项立法。例如 公司法、移民法
State/Territory Laws - everything else
省/领地政府可就其他该省/领地一切事项立法
Local Government by-laws – local issues eg DA
地区政府管辖当地事项, 例如房屋建造及规划条例
Levels of Laws
澳洲法例层次 (cont)
Others:
Common Law (eg contract, tort)
普通法 (例如 合同、侵权)
Industry rules, Codes of Practice, ASX Listing Rules
工业条例、实务守则, 上市规则
Important Features of Australian
Companies
澳洲公司主要特徵
Registration (ASIC), Australian Company Number (ACN) 向证券及投资管理局注册, 澳洲公司编号
Except for an unlimited liability company， shareholders are liable only for unpaid amounts on shares 股东责任限于尚未付清的股份价 (无限公司例外)
A company is a separate legal entity from its shareholders, directors and managers 公司是法律认可实体, 有其股东、董事、经理以外的独立身份
Important Features of Australian
Companies
澳洲公司主要特徵 (cont)
A company can enter into contracts, hold property, sue and be sued in its own right 一家公司有权签订合同, 拥有产业, 起诉他人及被他人起诉
No need to register capital, can do any (legal) business 无须注册资金, 可经营任何合法生意
Proprietary Company 私人股份公司
Limited by shares or unlimited with share capital 有限或无限公司
Limited (Pty Ltd) – shareholder liability limited to amount unpaid on shares 有限公司 - 股东负债上限为尚欠的发行股价
Unlimited – no limit on shareholder liability 无限公司 –股东负债无上限
Listing not allowed 不能上市
Maximum 50 non-employee shareholders 不能多于50位非员工股东
1 director must “ordinarily reside” in Australia 其中一位董事必须 “通常”在澳洲居住
Public Companies
公开公司
A company other than a proprietary company
所有非私人公司
Can be listed on ASX
可上市
Minimum 3 directors, 2 ordinarily reside in Aust
最少三位董事,其中两位“通常”在澳洲居住
Limited by shares, unlimited with share capital,
limited by guarantee, no liability
股份有限、股份无限、担保有限、无负债责任公司
No Liability Companies (NL)
无负债责任公司
Only for companies with mining as sole object
只有纯粹矿业公司才能注册为这种公司
Shareholders not liable to pay calls on unpaid shares
股东无责任付清发行股价
But will forfeit shares if fail to pay
但会丧失股权
Encourage investment in risky mining ventures
鼓励高风险矿业投资
Successful mining company often converts to limited
liability company
成功的矿业公司往往转为有限公司
Other types of business vehicles
其他经营生意方式
Partnerships 合伙
No registration, rely on agreement 无需注册,依赖合伙协议
Partners are jointly and severally liable 合伙人共同及分别负担法律责任
Joint Ventures 合资
2 or more parties agree to bring co-operate on
individual projects
两或多方同意就一个项目合作
No registration, rely on agreement
无需注册,依赖合资协议
Foreign Companies 外国公司
Options for a foreign company operating in Australia
外国公司在澳经营生意途径:
Register as a foreign company with ASIC
向证券及投资管理局申请注册成为澳洲注册外国公司
Establish a subsidiary Australian company
设立澳洲子公司
Takeover an existing company in Australia
收购现成澳洲公司
Foreign Investment Review Board
(FIRB) 海外投资管理局
FIRB approval required for certain types of investments by
foreign persons in Australia
外国人士投资澳洲在以下情况需取FIRB批准：
Acquisition of vacant land for non residential commercial
development
购买用以非住宅商业性发展的空地
Acquisition of residential real estate
购买住宅房地产
Foreign Investment Review Board
(FIRB) 海外投资管理局 (cont)
All direct investments, setting up new business and land
acquisition by a foreign government or entity controlled by foreign
government
外国政府或受外国政府控制的实体的所有直接投资、设立新企业和土地购买。
Acquisition of “substantial interest”in an Australian business with assets of $244m or more (indexed annually)
收购资产值超过$2.44亿元 (按生活指标每年递增)的企业的“相当股权”
Acquisition of developed non-residential commercial real estate valued at $53m or more ($5m if it is heritage listed)
收购价值超过5300万澳元(按生活指标每年递增) 的已开发非住宅商业地产（如地产被列为文化遗产名单 – 500万）
Foreign Investment Review Board
(FIRB) 海外投资管理局
“Foreign Person” – a natural person not ordinarily resident in Australia; a corporation controlled by 1 or more foreign persons or foreign corporations
“外国人” – 非澳洲常驻居民的自然人 ；一家由一个或多个外国自然人或外国公司控股的公司
“Substantial interest” – ownership interest of 15% or more by 1 person or total of 40% of more by several persons
“相当股权” – 一人拥有15%或以上的股权，或多人共同拥有40%或以上的股权
“Direct Investment” – investment that delivers control or significant influence to the investor over the investment
“直接投资”是一项授予投资者在投资项目的控制权或高度影响力的投资
Approval needed for mining land?
购买矿地要申请吗？
Vacant land for mining is generally “urban land” - notification required
一般矿业用途的空地属“城市土地”- 需申请
But if on “rural land” – notification not required 但如矿地位于“农村土地” - 无需申请
农村土地 =用以鱼、农、牧等农务企业生产的土地
Operational mine is “developed commercial property” – notification required if above $53m in value
一个已生产的矿属已开发的商业地产 – 如收购价值超过5300万澳元便需申请
Visas relevant to overseas investors
相关海外投资人士的签证
456 visas 456签证
for short term business visits eg conferences,
negotiations
短期商务签证， 适用于参加会议、商讨生意、考察
single or multiple entries
一次或多次往返
not for “work”, except highly specialised and not on
going
非工作签证 , 极度专门而非持续性质工作例外
Visas 签证
457 visas - employer sponsored 4 year temporary
work visa
雇主担保4年临时工作签证
Skilled occupation
专业技术性职位
English 5 in each (waived for highly skilled)
英语雅思每门5分 （极高专业技术性职位可获豁免)
Training Benchmarks - 1% gross salary
满足培训要求 – 总工资的1%
Market Salary Rate
市场薪酬
TSMIT - $51,400 pa
最低年薪现为澳币51400
Visas 签证
RSMS (187) - permanent employer sponsored
work visas for regional areas
雇主担保永居签证 （偏远地区）
Available in SA & NT
南澳和北领地均适用
Up to 50 years old，skilled occupation
申请人需50岁以下,专业技术性职位
English 6 in each (or 5 if been with employer for 2
years on 457)
英语雅思每门6分 （如持457签证身份为现有雇主工作2 年 – 每门5 分）
Market salary rate
市场薪酬
Visas 签证
ENS (186)
雇主担保永居签证 （非偏远地区）
RSMS equivalent in non regional areas eg
Sydney, Melbourne
与RSMS相似，适用于悉尼、墨尔本 等非偏远地区
But more requirements eg training benchmarks,
skills assessment and work experience
但条件更多 – 例如雇主需满足培训要求，申请人需进行技术评估和拥有相关工作经验
Other types of work visas
其他工作签证类别
Employers may negotiate contract with government to
sponsor workers on concessional requirements.
雇主可与政府协议，以低于正常的要求担保海外劳工。
RSMS/ENS Labour Agreements
雇主担保永居签证劳工协议（偏远/非偏远）
Regional Migration Agreements - a whole region
approach
偏远地区移民协议 – 照顾整个地区海外劳工需求的方案
Enterprise Migration Agreements (EMA) – for resource
sector, $2 billion expenditure, 1500 workers
企业移民协议 - 专用于资源项目，项目最低开支澳币20
亿元、起码雇佣1500 名工人
南澳华特律师事务所
