07/06/2012 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK Creating Game-based Learning Scenarios by Composing Instructional...

07/06/2012 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK

Creating Game-based Learning Scenariosby Composing Instructional Design Patterns

Dennis Maciuszek, Martina Weicht

University of Rostock, Germany

Prof. Dr. Alke Martens

University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany

– IGBL 2012, Waterford, Ireland –

07/06/2012 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK 2

Overview

IdeaCommon language for people involved in the design of game-based learning (GBL)Resources: Best-practice design elements found in (digital) storytelling products

GoalEasily create, structure, recombine meaningful GBL scenarios

Previous workCollected patterns for designing narrative educational gamesMaciuszek, Ladhoff, Martens: Content design patterns for game-based learning, IJGBL 1(3), 2011Maciuszek, Martens: Computer role-playing games as an educational game genre, ECGBL 2011

NowHow to compose design patterns to obtain game scenarios


Digital Stories (cf. Howard: Quests, 2008)

Quests

Characters

Items

Environments

Activities

Scre

ens:

Aur

ora

Tool

set


Previous Work: Quest Patterns

Typical plots in (1) TV commercials and (2) films of coming-of-age genre – in both... Artist vs. Producer, Coming out of the Closet, Declaration of Love, Different in Private,

Doing Something Childish, Doing Something Mature, In the Classroom, Interrupted Wedding / Runaway Bride, Release Me, Revenge Is Sweet, Revolt, Rival, Wedding


Previous Work: Character Patterns

Archetypes in online galleries of (1) female and (2) male heroes in entertainment games (1) Soldier, Superheroine, Sex Object, Love Interest, Caregiver, Little Girl, Damsel in

Distress, Shady Agent, Demoness, Crusader, Damsel in Command, Avatar in Wonderland (2) Soldier, Pilot, Gangster, Muscleman, Superhero, Mystery Detective, Avatar in

Wonderland, Hero with a Past, Apprentice Boy, Clumsy Fighter ... + old-age characters


Previous Work: Item Patterns

Types of items in simulation games supporting interaction, cognitive tasks, motivation Tool, Reference Material, Map, Meter, Souvenir


Previous Work: Environment Patterns

Types of collaborative environments in massively multiplayer online role-playing games Auction House, Battleground, Guild Bank, Guild Castle, Housing, Mailbox

... + typical virtual world settings: Classroom, Lab, Factory, Theatre Stage...


Previous Work: Activity Patterns

Activities in role-playing games relevant for learning: Crafting, Conversations, Trading... Inquiry Learning Crafting; Interpretative Writing Conversations + Journal (focus grp)

expert model simulation visualisation

parameters(validation)

student mental model(hypotheses)

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© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK 9

Composition: Actions in Virtual Game Worlds

Player Characters (Alter Egos)Damsel in CommandAvatar in WonderlandApprentice BoyClumsy Fighter

EnvironmentsAuction HouseBattlegroundGuild BankGuild CastleHousingMailboxClassroomLabFactoryTheatre Stage

ItemsToolReference MaterialMapMeterSouvenir

Non-Player Characters (e.g. Role Models)SoldierSuperhero(in)eSex ObjectLove InterestCaregiverLittle GirlDamsel in Distress

PilotGangsterMusclemanShady AgentDemonessCrusaderHero with a Past

Detective– Mystery DetectiveScientist– Mad ScientistWitch

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manipulate

Screen: Own prototype

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askSc

reen

: Glo

bal C

onflic

ts –

Swe

atsh

ops

Crafting in virtual labs: manipulate; observe; manipulate...

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Composition: Activities as Sequences of Actions





manipulate


observe

Crafting in virtual factories: manipulate; observe; manipulate...

ToolReference MaterialMapMeterSouvenir

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Detective– Mystery DetectiveEngineer– Mad ScientistWitch

manipulate


observe

Items



Conversation on virtual theatre stage: ask; answer; write; ask...SoldierSuperhero(in)eSex ObjectLove InterestCaregiverLittle GirlDamsel in Distress

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Non-Player Characters (e.g. Role Models)

DetectiveJournalistScientist– Mad ScientistWitch


Scre

en:

Glo

bal C

onflic

ts –

Swe

atsh

ops

answer

ask

write


Whodunit – adapted from focus group interview on Hamlet prototype


Composition: Quests as Narrative Frames

King has been killed

Family dinner

Conversation

Clue

Clue

ConversationClue

Clue

Identify murderer Impress Horatio

Whodunit – generalised as a pattern (typical in crime genre or murder mystery games)



Crime committed

Crime scene

Crafting

Clue

Clue

ConversationClue

Clue

Solve mystery

Whodunit – application example



Screen: Own prototypeEU-funded projectSouth Baltic WebLab

write

ask answer

manipulate observe


Summary

Quests

Activities

Environments Characters Items

Puzzles(cf. Bates: Game Design, 2nd ed., 2004;catalogue of 18 patterns)

Recipes: Paths through activities• Requirements analysis w/ experts• Cognitive task analysis

Interim quests and epic story(Hallford, Hallford:

Swords & Circuitry, 2001)


Conclusions and Future Work

“Grammar” for the design of game-based learning scenarios To do

Document found patterns “Language” Evaluate which patterns are suitable for which educational purpose

3 Studies Virtual factory (Artificial Intelligence) Virtual lab (Marine Sciences) Virtual theatre stage (Classic Literature)

Expected result: Documentation and refinement of successful instructional design patterns Further steps

Implementation of patterns as module library within software framework Toolkit


Thank you for your interest!

[email protected]

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