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070329 ILO WageIndicator1
Transcript of 070329 ILO WageIndicator1
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The WageIndicatorweb surveyfor worldwide social science
research on wages
Paulien Osse, WageIndicator Foundation
Kea Tijdens, University of Amsterdam
29 March 2007, ILO
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The WageIndicatorconcept
National WageIndicatorwebsites with up-to-date work-related information
answering visitors emails
Salary Check
providing free occupation-specific wage information controlling for age, gender, education and region
Web survey asking the visitors a favor in return
completing a web survey on work and wages (prize incentive)
the data are used for researchand as input for the Salary Check
Large numbers of visitors worldwide, the public shows a desire for wage information
and is willing to complete the web survey
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A brief history(Netherlands)
1999 desire for wage information on Internetdetailed occupation wage data needed
for research 2000 survey about work and wages
in womens magazines
2001 launch womens WageIndicatorwebsite
with web surveyand Salary Checkfor 45 occupations
2002 launch websites for men, 40+, youth
2004 Salary Checkfor 400 occupations
2006 400,000 web visitors per month in NL
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To othercountries
2004 Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Spain,Finland, Italy, Poland, United Kingdom(EU funding 6th Framework Program)
Hungary(EU funding EQUAL fund)
2005 Argentina, Brazil, MexicoIndia, S-Korea, S-Africa,(funding NL development aid)
2006 USA(funding Harvard Law School)
2007 China, Russia, Sweden(contracts about to sign)
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WageIndictatorFoundation
The WageIndicatorFoundation owns the WageIndicatorconcept
is a not-for-profit organization
Its mission statement
Share and compare wage information.Contribute to a transparent labor market.Provide free, accurate wage data through salary checks onnational websites.Collect wage data through web surveys.
Founded in 2003 under Dutch law by University of Amsterdam
NL branch of the international career website Monster
NL Dutch Confederation of Trade Unions (FNV)
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WageIndicatorwebsites
2007 35 websites in 17 countries, most of them
managed by web journalists
extra websites for multilingual countries,for women, elderly workers, IT staff (India)
thousands of links in other websites
Web visitors must trust
the information provided in a Salary Check(thus it must offer high quality information)
volunteering their data in the survey
receiving a response to visitors email
Web-marketing is critical
cooperation with media groups, career sites, trade
unions, all with a strong Internet presence
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Media parters andweb-marketing
Worldwide partners Career site Monster MSN Dutch World Service
Partners with established reputations University of Amsterdam Erasmus of Rotterdam Harvard Law School Leading national newspapers and portals
Gazeta Wyborcza (PL)
El Pais (ES) La Nacion (AR) UOL (BR) Sueddeutsche (DE) Mail & Guardian (ZA) Etc.
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The survey
Target population: labor force wage-earners in formal and informal economy self-employed, free lancers, home workers
(with SEWA in India)
Questions on Occupation (4 dgt ISCO), industry (4 dgt NACE),
education, work history, wages, benefits, hours,personal questions
Questionnaire
completion takes approximately 20 minutes survey has parallel questions addressing raregroups in the labor force to prevent break-off
optimization as for the number of characters, clicksand pages
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The technique
Questionnaire Management System QMS
developed for WageIndicator, using Open Source
manages a multi-country, multi-lingual survey
facilitates complicated routing, downloadingcodebooks and uploading languages
includes a search tree application for questionson occupation, industry, region
Data storage
the data is securely stored on serversin USA, NL and India
quarterly data releases
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Web traffic
Visits totals
2005: 4.5 million
2006: 7.8 million
January 2007: > 800,000 Prognosis 2007: 10 million
Variation per country, some examples
NL: > 400,000/month (since 2001, household name) DE: > 100,000/month (since 2004, large population)
BR/AR: 25,000/month (since 2006, well linked)
ZA/IT/KR: < 1,000/month (weaker teams)
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The response(1)
2006Total visits 7.8 million
Fully completed questionnaires 158,000
Data for research and salary check309,000(2004-2006)
Response rate overall
3.85 %
Large variation across countries
Cross-country analysis of response rates
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The response(2)
Sample size (fully completed)
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Respondent-sidefeedback
Feedback on the websites
visitors use the website for their decisionsabout schooling, occupational choice,wage negotiations, and job mobility
we know from visitors email
Feedback on the survey
open-ended question If you have any comments
on the questionnaire, please do so here passive feedback through break-off
we want visitors to have fun in completing thequestionnaire (and they report back that they do)
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Volunteerweb surveys
Selection bias and Internet access worldwide Internet access rates are increasing fast this population is becoming more and more
representativeof the population at large
it will boom with wireless access
Selection bias in choice of website? web visitors can choose out of millions of websites only a minor part visits a WageIndicatorwebsite
web traffic can be directed in number and in targetgroup by means of web marketing
Selection bias in completing the survey? 110 % of the web visitors completes the
questionnaire (f.e. Finland 10 %)
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Findings onselection bias
In all countries
the small groups in the labor force are under-represented, f.e. workers in small part-time jobs
low educated are increasingly not underrepresented elderly workers 55+ are underrepresented
gender representation varies across countries
In Netherlands 2002-2006 the underrepresentation of these socio-demographic
groups has declined in the past years
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Coping withselection bias
Web marketing addressing the target population at large
sites for sub-populations otherwise not fully reached
Routing through the questionnaire to prevent rare groups from break-off
Weighting with aggregate data aggregate socio economic LFS data is used for
weighting national WageIndicatordata
Weighting with micro data
micro-data from representative surveys will be usedto develop weights, using similar questions inWageIndicator, currently explored in the US
Weighting with a reference survey using a small reference survey for weighting,
currently explored in the Netherlands
Volunteer web
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Volunteer websurveys are
advantageous
because they can be held continuously costs are not linear related to sample size
investment costs are relatively large-> conducting a continuous survey is profitable
for WageIndicatorcontinuity is a prerequisitebecause of web marketing investments
continuous surveys allow for temporaryplug-in questions
because they can lead to large sample sizes allows for analyses of sub-sets
allows for presenting randomly items from a pool
allows for questions addressing relatively small
groups, thus acting as a screening device
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The research
Research community
increasing numbers of researchers use the data
On wages and working hours
cross-country wage differentials for occupations
gender pay gap and the motherhood penalty modeling preferences for a change in working hours
On work place relations
attitudes towards collective bargaining coverage
effect of dismissals on self-perceived job insecurity On labor markets
the multi-dimensionality of the informal labor marketwithin and across countries
spill over effects of MNEs in local employment
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Is this new?
Yes, it is because
worldwide, neither high quality aggregate datanor micro-data about wages, bonuses, andworking hours are available
worldwide, WageIndicatoris the first surveygathering wage data in so many countries
worldwide, it is one of the first surveysusing web marketing for scientific data collection
and because
the exchange of informationfrom research to the public andfrom the public to research is not often seen
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A GlobalWageIndicator
The plan a GlobalWageIndicatorplan to enlarge the weboperation to 75 countries in 5 continents
inspired by the globalizing economy and the need forworldwide data on wages, currently not available
jointly with International Labor Organization of theUnited Nations, Harvard Law School, University ofBelgrano (AR), and Indian Institute ofManagement/Ahmedabad (India)
Its aims contributing to a transparent labor market by provi-
ding reliable data about wages to a worldwide public
collecting data for worldwide wage trend reports andfor researching the impact of globalization
submitting plans to funding agencies in 2007
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The role of ILO
Support for the 75-countries plan
Using the dataset for wage data orother data
Input for funding options
post Soviet area
Arab speaking world
Sub-Saharan Africa
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Thank you for your attention
www.wageindicator.org