0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More
-
Upload
sri-rice-international-programs-cals-cornell-university -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.761 -
download
5
description
Transcript of 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More
![Page 1: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) -System of Rice Intensification (SRI) -
““Less can Produce more”Less can Produce more”
Dr. A. SATYANARAYANADirector of Extension
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural UniversityRajendranagar, Hyderabad
![Page 2: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Modern Agriculture
Overly Genocentric
Productivity gains were possible with increased use of inputs – Fertilizers, Pesticides, Water etc.
They are now giving • Diminishing returns
• Creating environmental hazards, health risks
• Rising costs of production
![Page 3: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
More productive in terms of
- Land, Labour, Water, Capital, Energy, inputs
More environmentally benign
More robust in the face of climate change
More socially beneficial
- reducing poverty, greater food security
21st Century Agriculture needs to be
![Page 4: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biological power and Eco-agriculture should Biological power and Eco-agriculture should be basic foundations for soil health be basic foundations for soil health
Micro organisms and other soil biota as creators and maintainers of soil fertility
Greater attention to plants roots
![Page 5: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The basic idea of SRI
Rice plants do best when their
- roots can grow large because
the plants are transplanted carefully
at wider spacing and
grown on soil that is kept well aerated
with abundant and diverse soil microorganisms
![Page 6: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The contribution of soil microbial activity need to be taken more seriously
The microbial flora causes a large number of
biochemical changes in the soil that largely
determine the fertility of soil (De Datta, 1981)
![Page 7: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) – a way out
![Page 8: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SRI offers increased factor productivity of Land
Labour
Water
![Page 9: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rice is the most important food crop of India
Rice has been identified as Growth Engine under vision 2020 of Andhra Pradesh
The area and production of rice is coming down in recent years due to lack of sufficient water in irrigation systems
SRI has the potential to meet the challenge by virtue of its capacity to double or even triple the productivity and less water requirement
![Page 10: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• SRI was first developed in Madaskar during 1980’s
• Not known outside Madagaskar until 1997
• Its potential is under testing in China, Indonesia, Combodia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India
• In A.P, SRI is experimented all the 22 districts with encouraging results
• Over 1,00,000 farmers are experimenting with this system world wide at present
• Few thousands of acres are under SRI in the very second season in AP
![Page 11: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SRI Technology usesSRI Technology uses
Less external inputs
• Less seed (2 kg/ac)
• Fewer plants per unit area (25 x 25 cm)
• Less chemical fertilizer
• More organic manures
• Less pesticides
![Page 12: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SRI is initially labour intensiveSRI is initially labour intensive
- Needs 50% more man days for transplanting and weeding
- Mobilises labour to work for profit
- It offers an alternative to resource poor, who puts in their family labour
- Once skills are learnt and implements are used, the labour costs will be lesser than the present day Rice cultivation
![Page 13: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SRI encourages rice plant to grow healthy with
Large root volume
Profuse and strong tillers
Non-lodging
Big panicle
More and well filled spikelets and higher grain weight
Resists insects
Because it allows Rice to grow naturally
![Page 14: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Root growthRoot growth
Root growth can be massive in response to SRI practices
3 hills under conventional method required 28 kg of force to be pulled up
Single SRI rice plants required 53 kg for uprooting
![Page 15: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tillering is greatly increasedTillering is greatly increased
30 tillers per plant are fairly easy to achieve
50 tillers per plant are quite attainable
With really good use of SRI, individual plants can have 100 fertile tillers or even more
Because no set back due to early transplanting and no die back of roots
Maximum tillering occurs concurrently with panicle initiation
With SRI positive correlation is found between the number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle
![Page 17: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rice plantRice plant
Everybody believe that Rice is an aquatic plant and grows best in standing water
Rice is not an aquatic plant, it can survive in water but does not thrive under hypoxic conditions
Rice plants spends lot of its energy to develop air pockets (aerenchyma tissue) in its roots under continuous inundation
70% of Rice root tips get degenerated by flowering period
Under SRI paddy fields are not flooded but keep the soil moist during vegetative phase
SRI requires only about half as much water as normally applied in irrigated rice
![Page 23: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conventional system with more water
![Page 24: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Intermittent wetting and drying and Aeration
![Page 25: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SIX MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES FOR SRISIX MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES FOR SRI
1. EARLY TRANSPLANTING
seedlings 8-12 days old, when plant has only two small leaves,before fourth phyllochron
2. CAREFUL TRANSPLANTING
Minimize trauma in transplanting Remove plant from nursery with the seed, soil and roots carefully and place it in the field without plunging too deep into soil
More tillering potential
More root growth potential
More tillering potential
![Page 26: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
After 12 days in nurserythe plant height is 7.7 inches(18.8cm)
Length of main root is 5 inches(12.7 cm)
4 leaves
8 small roots
![Page 30: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Diagram of possible stalks of a rice shootDiagram of possible stalks of a rice shootstalks grow following a regular cycle (phyllochron)stalks grow following a regular cycle (phyllochron)
![Page 35: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Contd..
3. WIDE SPACING plant single seedlings, not in clumps, and in a square pattern, not rows, 25cm x 25cm or wider
4. WEEDING AND AERATION
needed because no standing water; use simple mechanical “rotating hoe” that churns up soil; 2 weedings required, with 4 recommended before panicle initiation; first weeding 10 days after transplanting
More root growth potential
More root growth, due to reduced weed competition, and aeration of soil, giving roots more oxygen and N due to increased microbial activity we left in soil; can add 1+tons per weeding? Each additional weeding after two rounds results in increased productivity up to 2 t/ha/weeding
![Page 36: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Contd..
5. WATER MANAGEMENT
regular water applications to keep soil moist but not saturated,
with intermittent dryings,alternating aerobic and anaerobic soil
conditions
6. COMPOST/FYM applied instead of or in addition to chemical fertilizer; 10 tons/ha;
More root growth because avoids root degeneration able to acquire more and more varied nutrients from the soil
More plant growth because of
better soil health and structure, and more balanced nutrient supply
![Page 38: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Green Manure crop (Sunhemp)
![Page 40: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Crop residues
![Page 41: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Crop residues
![Page 42: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Nursery Management
Seed rate 2 kg/ac
Nursery area 1 cent/ac
Select healthy seed
Pre-sprouted seeds are sown on raised nursery bed
Prepare nursery bed like garden crops
Apply a layer of fine manure
Spread sprouted seed sparcely
Cover with another layer of manure
Mulch with paddy straw
Water carefully
Banana leaf sheath may be used for easy lifting and transport of seedlings
![Page 43: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Main field preparation
Land preparation is not different from regular irrigated rice cultivation
Levelling should be done carefully so that water can be applied very evenly
At every 3 m distance form a canal to facilitate drainage
With the help of a marker draw lines both way at 25 x 25 cm apart and transplant at the intersection
![Page 45: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI IN COASTAL AREA YIELD( Kg/ha)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Vj Sr Vz Wg Eg Kr Gn Pr
CheckSRI
![Page 46: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI IN TELANGANA AREA YIELD( Kg/ha)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Ma Ra Me Na Wa Kh Ka Ni Ad
CheckSRI
![Page 47: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI IN RAYALASEEMA YIELD( Kg/ha)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Ku Ka An Ch
CheckSRI
![Page 48: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Sr Vj Vz Eg Kr Pr Ku An Ra Ni Ma Na Wa Kh Ka Ad
Check SRI
PADDY YIELDS UNDER SRI REPORTED BY DOA YIELD( Kg/ha)
![Page 49: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Performance of SRI in AP- Kharif 2003
No. of trials
Yield results
> 10 t/ha
Range of results
Yield advantage (kg/ha)
AP State 134 33 3.2-16.2 1869
Rayalaseema 10 6 7.8-15.5 4731
Telangana 40 10 4.2-16.2 2504
Coastal 84 17 3.2-14.3 1145
![Page 50: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Performance of SRI in AP- Kharif 2003 (Trials organized by State DOA)
No. of trials - 69
Average SRI yield (t/ha) - 8.36
Control (t/ha) - 4.89
State average productivity (t/ha) - 3.87
5 districts averaged over 10 t/ha10 t/ha
![Page 51: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Report on SRI Cultivation
Name of the Farmer : Mr.A.Jayasurya ReddyAddress : Tarimala Village, Singanamala Mandal Anantapur district, Andhra PradeshSeason : Rainy season 2003Area under SRI : 0.2 haVariety : BPT 5204 S.No. Parameter Farmers method SRI
1. No. of productive tillers/m2 503 706
2 No. of grains/panicle 87 152
3 Length of panicle (cm) 15.5 14.2
4 1000 grain weight (g) 13.3 14.4
5 Chaffy grain (%) 19.2 3.2
6 Grain yield (kg/ha) 5850 13297
7 Straw yield (kg/ha) 7110 12600
8 Duration(days) 150 140
![Page 52: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Report on SRI Cultivation
Name of the Farmer : Mr.K.Venka Subba ReddyAddress : Konidedu Village, Panyam Mandal Kurnool district, Andhra PradeshSeason : Rainy season 2003Area under SRI : 840 m2
Variety : BPT 5204 S.No. Parameter Farmers method SRI
1. Date of sowing 22-6-2003 19-7-2003
2 Date of Transplanting 31-7-2003 28-7-2003
3 Date of harvesting 10-12-2003 10-12-2003
4 Productive tillers/m2 510 1040
5 Panicle length (cm) 17.2 20.2
6 No. of grains/panicle 105 202
7 1000 grain weight(g) 18.8 21.1
8 Grain yield kg/ha 5625 15774
9 Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) 16250 18000
![Page 53: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Report on SRI Cultivation
Name of the Farmer : Mr.RakeshAddress : EdulapalliVillage, Kotturu Mandal Mahabubnagar district, Andhra PradeshVariety : BPT 5204Area under SRI : 0.8 ha
S.No. Parameter Farmers method SRI (*)
1. Date of sowing 6-6-2003 7-7-2003
2 Date of Transplanting 28-6-2003 17-7-2003
3 Date of harvesting 6-11-2003 5-12-2003
4 No. of productive tillers/hill 20 40
5 Length of the panicle (cm) 14 20
6 No. of grains/panicle 150 210
7 Grain yield t/ha 4.7 8.9
(*) Only organic manures were applied
![Page 54: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Report on SRI Cultivation
National Seed Project, ANGRAU, Hyderabad
Variety : BPT 5204Area under SRI : 0.2 ha
S.No. Parameter Farmers method SRI
1. Age of seedling at transplanting 30 10
2 Days to 50% flowering 114 108
3 No. of productive tillers/hill 10 28
4 Panicle length (cm) 21.4 21.0
5 No. of grains per panicle 162 166
6 1000 grain weight (g) 14.4 14.4
7 Yield t/ha 5.7 7.1
SRI crop matured 10 days earlier
![Page 55: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Report on SRI Cultivation
Name of the Farmer : Mr.T.Sambi ReddyAddress : Bhadirajupalem Village, ThotlavallurMandal Krishna district, Andhra PradeshArea under SRI : 0.2 haVariety : BPT 5204
S.No. Parameter Farmers method SRI
1. Date of sowing 20-7-2003 20-7-2003
2 Date of Transplanting 17-8-2003 1-8-2003
3 Date of harvesting 13-12-2003 13-12-2003
4 No. of productive tillers/hill 13 42
5 Length of the panicle(cm) 22 30
6 No. of grains/panicle 254 357
7 Grain yield (kg/ha) 8036 12576
8 Cost of cultivation per ha 15,000 17,500
![Page 56: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
SRI is counter - Intuitive
Less can produce more
Younger seedlings becomes larger and more productive
Fewer plants/hill and per m2 give more yield
Less water can give greater yield
![Page 57: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
SRI utilizes Biological PowerSRI utilizes Biological Power
Rice root system grown under SRI i.e., aerated soil do not degenerate, are much larger and function better
Soils that are aerated and well supplied with organic matter can support longer and diverse populations of soil micro organisms, which inturn mobilizes nutrients to the plant
Phytohormones produced by bacteria and fungi living in soils and roots promote root growth and the health of the plants
Root exudates provide food to microorganisms
Application of fertilizers and other agro chemicals has inhibiting effect on soil biota
![Page 58: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Benefits of SRIBenefits of SRI
1. Higher yields – Both grain and straw
2. Reduced duration (by 10 days)
3. Lesser chemical inputs
4. Less water requirement
5. Less chaffy grain %
6. Grain weight increased without change in grain size
7. Higher head rice recovery
8. Withstood cyclonic gales
9. Cold tolerance
10. Soil health improves through biological activity
![Page 59: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Future needs
Research to produce different models for different situations
To promote SRI by way of making information available
To organise a few demonstrations with farmers participation
![Page 60: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Swarna under SRI
![Page 61: 0636 System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Produce More](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54b83bd54a79592a028b4a83/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)