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all the major Shi'a m osques and sh rines, where they search, harass, andarbitrarily arrest w orshipers.9 Life for women under Saddam's regime is one o f terror. Accord ing toAmnesty International,women are regularly beheaded in the streets for pettycrimes and tortured for the crimes of their husbands9 Between 50,000 to 100,000 Iraqi Kurds died in Saddam's genocidal Anfalcampaign in the 1980s, which included the gas attack against the village of

Halab ja. The chem ical weapons attack killed more than 5,000 men, womenand children, and wounded thousands more.D While thousands of Iraais die each vea r from disease and starvation. Saddamspends billions of collars on palaces. Saddam also diverts mea.c ne and a dfrom the Oil for F ood prog ram for sale to otner countries Q & ADoes US . policy on North Korea amount to appeasemen t?

Abso lutely not.We are refusing to play along with North Korea's blackmail playbook. he North Koreans say they w ant better relations with their neighbors andwith the Untied States, as w ell as econom ic aid, energy assistance, andother benefits.= We have made absolutely clear that none of these benefits will beforthcoming so long as North Korea pursues nuclear weapons.. The North must abandon its efforts to acquire nuclear weapons andcease taking actions designed to blackmail the world.. Only then will better relations be possible. The ball is in North Korea'scourt.Are you concerned about South Korean anti-Americanism?. his year marks the 5othanniversaryof the American-South Koreanalliance. We will rema in strong allies long into the future.There was a big demonstration of over 30.000 people in S e o ~ lastweekend- expressing tneir oesire for U S forces to stay in Korea.

. On Wednesday President-elect Roh ("No") visited the headquartersofour forces to tell the troops "thank you."= W e have invited P resident Ro h to visit Washington this spring andexpect that visit to dem onstrate he strength of our a lliance with SouthKorea.Thousands of Americans died defending South Korea's independence.. Generations of American soldiers have served on the Peninsula.


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The Un ited States has enorm ous respect for the acnlevements of theSouth Korean people and for South Korea's vibrant dem ocracySouth Koreans are unde rstandablyvery nervous about developmen ts nNonn Korea, but President


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U S . Objec t ives In I raq Are R e g i m e C h a n g e a n d D i s a r m a m e n tIraq without Saddam is preferable to Iraq with Saddam, but the U S . goals don'tcenter on Saddam Hussein personally as much as separating him from the powerbe has to control the Iraqi government, oppress his own people, support terrorists,threaten his neighbors and pursue the development of weapons of massdestruction.The U S . objective in Iraq is to defeat whatever forces oppose us, to take down thegovernment of Saddam Hussein, and then to follow on with a series of actions,including: eliminating all the weapons of mass destruction and standing up abroadly representative government of the Iraqi people.

A ny n u m b e r o f t h i n g s c ou l d h a p p e n t o S a d d a m H u s s e i nIt is impossible to say what may happen to Saddam H ussein, but any of the followingscenarios are possible:He is likely to be captured, if he's not first killed by his own people.

He could be held for trial by the Iraqi government - possible as a war criminalHe could flee.


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U.S. Department of DefenseFacts on Hum an Shields

International law draws a clear distinction between civilians and combatants.The principle that civilians must be protected lies at the heart of the internationa l law o f armed conflict.It is this distinction between comba tants and innocent civilians that terrorismSO v ic i0 ~ S ly SSaUltS. The practice of using human shields to protect military forces and assetsassaults the same principle.In the case of Iraq and Saddam Huss ein we see a d ictator and a governm ent in 'flagrant disregard of international law. Saddam purposefully mixes military targetsw ith civil ian po pula tion s, pl ac in g innocent men. women and children directly in the line of fire.

During the Gulf War, Saddam held hundreds o f "on-Iraqi civilians at government and militaryfacilities throughout Iraq, and blatantly described them as "human shields;"He was responsible for hundreds, if not thousands, of civilian casualties, which he then used to tryand undermine support for the A merican-led coalitionSaddam has used civilian facilities and ancient cultural treasures to shield his military forces;moved ammunition supplies from existing depots to smaller bunkers adjacent to civilianneighborhoods and even a school; placed revetments for military equipment next to aninternational food warehouse. One floor of an underground military comm and and control centerwas actually used as a air raid shelter;New mosques were deliberately constructed near military facilities to shield them from attack.One mosq ue was built right in the center of an amm unition depot.Air defense m issile systems and related equipment were placed in and around amusement parks.masques, n.-huolsospitals hotels, and crowded -.hoppins ilistricti rnikct la~ nch crt . ext tosoccer stadiums in active use. and surface-to-airmissiles in :ivilian industrial centers

Saddam has employed these practices from 1991 right up to through theCurrent inspection process to discourage attack or create a public backlash is civiliancasualties occur. If conflict comes again, there is no doubt his practice of using human shields willcontinue.These practices demonstrate a con tempt for hum an life, for the fundamental nonns ofhumanity, for the international laws of armed conflict, and for Islamic law, practic e and belief.These are not tactics of war; they are crimes of war. Deploying human shields is not amilitary strategy, it is a cold-blooded murder, a violation of the laws of armed conflict, and a crimeagainst human ity. It will be treated as such.

Published by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defensefor Public Affairs, Fe bruar y, 2003


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A F -1 17 w a s s h o t d o w n w h e r e , w h e n , w h o i n vo lv edThe F-I17 took off from xxxxx and was o n a xxxxxmission. The destination of the flightwas xxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxx.The Stealth fighter was reported missing at xxxxxxx.Our primary concern is the safety and condition of the pilot. Search and rescue efforts arealready underway.. The Stealth fighters flew 1,300 missions, hitting 1,600 targets during the Gulf War. The F.117 was the only aircraft to drop bom bs o n downtown Baghdad. It will continue to be amainline plane in this operation.Because of their unioue s ha m and not a sinole rieht anele that could reflect radar. stealth. . - - -fighters are not only nearly impossib le to track.- The crash will not affect the con tinuine air onerations. Nothine that haopened todav has- . - ..dampened our resolve to see this operation through to its military end,

A c o m b i n a t io n o f t a c t i c s , qu i c k l e ar n i n g a n d l u c k c a m e t o g e t h e r i n o n e b ri ll ia n tm o m e n t t o s h o o t d o w n t h e p r em i e re a t t a c k je t i n A m e ri ca 's a r s e n a l ..\ ram ira system allegedly obtained by Y,,g~s la\ a was rtfiponsihlc i i r unm asking an 1:-I17shot JJW over Serbia. :hr first t t r x the sted th fiehter had ever been hit.A Balkan weapons factory is exporting military equipment to Iraq with the complicity of aleading Yugoslav defense company.- Serbian engineers have expertise in building radar systems that elude enem y detection.Military experts say it is possible that Serbian technicians may be helping the Iraqis design asimilar system.- S e a r c h a n d r e s c u e e ff o rt s a r e u n d e rw a v .An active search and rescue operation is underway for the missing pilot and aircraft. Fromthe time we learn that a plane is down until the m omen t we know the pilot is safely out ofdanger, we will concen trate on no thing but rescuing the pilot.As soon as we can get down to the site and put people on the ground, we'll know a lot more.. . .We're \cry anxiousto do that but, o f c o m e , we must wait forthe conditions 10 be -.aftWe ha \e been in contact with the family o ft h e pilot and arc keeping them inform ed asclosely as we can as to the progress of our se&h efforts.. We investigate every plane crash very thoroughly. We try to learn as much as we can fromwhy it happened , in order to prevent it from happening again.I can't speculate at all, based on the little I know, as to what caused this crash. There will be afull investigation.

F a c t S h e e t o n t h e F-117 is At ta c he d .


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A [type of aircraft] was downed over Iraq today.There were [ X 1crewmem bers on board including the pilot.. Our primary concern is for the aircrew (pilot).. It is unknown at this time why the ai rcraft wa s downed [missing].Any m istreatment of Am erican prisoners of war will be dealt with forcefully.Aircrew are combatants and must be accorded the status of Prisoner of War (POW).. .Those that mistreat POW s are criminals and will face grave consequences.If the aircrew are captured by the adversary, the aircrew must be treated in accordance'with the rules of the Geneva convention.

= Search and rescue efforts are underway.An active search and rescue operation is underway for the missing crewm embers (pilot -for single seat jets).We will not rest until we bring them back safely.

* The family of the aircrew have oursu ppo rt in this difficult time.We have been in contact with the family o f the d o t and are kecnine them informed as. . .closely as we can a s to the progress o f our search efforts.

= The life of every one of our m ilitary members is precious.We take the lives of all our military members very seriously. We have the most robustsearch and rescue capability in the world.Rescue operations are incredibly dangerous as they take place behind enemy lines.Rescue troops go through the some o f the most rigorous training in the military. They areout m ost skilled soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines.

No t even generic capabilities of rescue teams are discussed and details of therescue operation are kept close hold.Clearly we do not discuss the details of our rescue operations. To d o so could themissing aircrew (oilof) in ieooardv.. . . .lhnugh no tvio rescue operalions are ever the same, even after the complctton of therescue, details arc not discussed in order to preserve the integrity of the operation.


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T h e U.S. i s d e d i c a t e d to s a f e g u a r d i n g t h e h e al th a n d s a f e t y o f t h e I ra qip eo p l e ..Th e U S. is at war wnh S addam's regime, not the Iraqi people.Providine human itarian. civil and reconstruction aid to the Irani people is animportant part of bu ilding long-term stability in Iraq - so that it never againbecomes a threat to the region.For years, the Iraqi people have suffered from oppression, starvation and a lack ofmedical care under the Iraqi regime.The U S . has immediate plans to begin distributing humanitarian aid in Iraq.

Relief is at h an d .As areas of Iraa are liberated. DoD humanitarian aid and civil affairs units aredropping and Jd i\ c n n g aid to Iraqis as soon as it is safe eno ugh 10 do soI'he l.'nncd Slates was prepared to deliver aid as pan of us plan to liberate Iraq.from Saddam Hussein.. Iraq's 55,000 food distribution sites will be stocked and open as soon as possible.. A id i s g o i n g d i r ec t l y to t h e I raq i p eo p l e .For years Saddam abused the Oil For Food program to fund his weap ons of massdestruction and build palaces.He diverted food and medicine for illegal resale to other co un tie s.For the first time in years, Iraqis will have access to food and health care withoutrelying on Saddam Hussein.


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Iraqi weapons pose a threat to the safety of the American people- athreat that cannot be ignored or wished away.Saddam Hussein continues to defy and deceive.New weapo ns are replacing those currently being destroyed.New evidence of chemical and biological weapons, and the means todeliver them via cluster bombs and UAV s, prove Saddam has not, and willnot, disarm.New plans for Iraqi forces, clothed in US andUK uniforms, tocomm itatrocities on the inno cent in Iraq and blame us for his crimes,prove that Saddam has not, and will not change.. Saddam has a history of denial and deception.In 1991, Saddam launch ed the following disinformation offensives:

Iraqi media issued false claims that Iraq had d owned more than 200coalition aircraft and killed or captured thousands of troops.Iraqi media falsely reported clashes between US. roops and Moroccantroons that resulted in the deaths of several Moroccan soldiers.Iraqi medn alleged repeatedly that the United S tates had bumbed Iraqistdentiii! areis and cu ltural sites. including the Shia s hnn ei 111 SaiaidndKarbala.Iraq claimed repeatedly that Israel had joined th e war - sraeli pilots werealleged to be flying coalition aircraft, landing in Saud i Arabia, andbombing Iraq from bases in Turkey.


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"Saddam Hussein regards the Iraqi people as human shields, expendable when their sufferingserves his purposes. ,,.We wl i try in every way we can to spare innocent life The people of Iraqare not enemies." -President Bush, 2/10103

Coal it ion forces have strucksp ecif ic leadership targets i n Baghdad, n otthe city o r the Iraqi people. Targets have included:. The Baghdad Government Control Center. Special Security Office Head quarters. Republican Guard Headquarters Building. Iraqi Intelligence Headquarters. Baghdad VIP Compound, a com mand and control center. Baghdad Presidential Palace near Diwan, a command and control center. Taji Air Defense Sector Headquarters near BaghdadNo other nat ion on earth invests the am oun t o f t ime, funding andtechn ology as the U.S. d oes to m inimize c ivilia n casualties.. Every civilian casua lty is a tragedy, an d we regret the civilian casualtiesthat have taken place in Iraq. Remember that Saddam Hussein is responsible or the deaths Ofthousands of his own people, whom he ha s tortured and murdered ordecades. In contrast, the United States painstakingly reviews each potential militarytarget for potential collateral damage. Additionally,20% of the bom bs dropped In the 1991 Gulf War were"smart" bombs. In Iraq today the n umber of "smart" - or precision --weapons used is as high as 90%. The DoD's targe t review process includes:

> Identification and characterization of each target> Selection of aimpointsb identification of co llateral dam age near military target. To reduce collateral damage DoD has the following options:> Employ smaller weaponsb Employ different fusing


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9 Shift aimpoints9 Limit attack angles> Time attacks for periods of tow occupancy. The U.S. military also con ducts an assessment of each target that weighsmission value against potential non-combatant casualties

. Warning civilians is a part of the U.S. effort to m inimize civilian casualties.Tactics include:> Leaflets, radio broadcasts an d television advisories for civilians tostay away from military sites and facilities9 Med ia organizations are wa rned to vacate certain sites. DoD also has identified certain types of facilities that it will protec t frommilitary sites9 Diplomatic Facilities9 Pub lic Services9 Non-GovernmentalOrganizations9 Med ical Facilities> Civilian Education Institutions> Religious Facilities9 Historically Significant Sites. raq has a histo ry of con du cting well-organized, centrally-manag ed

activit ies tha t endan ger the l ive s of Iraqi civi lians. Saddam's tacticsInclude:. Use of civilians as hostages and human shields. Hiding m ilitary equipm ent in or near m osques. Parking military equipmen t n or near civilian areas. Deploying military equipment in or near amusement parks, recreationareas and cultural sites


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The transition from dictatorshio to democracy w ill take time. The Coalitto n will stav in Iraqas Ions os tt takzv to help the Ira qi people - nd not a dm Innper.

The Coa lition shares a com mon objective for a new Iraq. Iraq belongs to the Iraqipeople. The U S . goal is to restore stability and security so that Iraqis can form an interimgovernment of their own and , eventually, a free Iraqi government.The US. nd Co alition will m aintain a presence in Iraq as long as necessary to allowhuman itarian and reconstruction work to go forward and enable the Iraqi people'sformation of a representative government.As each day goes by, conditions improve for the Iraqi people, but there rem ains muchwork to be done:> Basic services must be restored to the Iraqi people: food, water, medicine, electricity,local security, schools, and the m eans of m aking a living for themselves and theirfamilies.D The rem nants of Saddam H ussein's regime an d any remaining influence of the Ba'athParty must be removed from every com er of Iraq.b Terrorists operating in Iraq m ust be eliminated

Q&AW hy has the President appointed Je rry Rremer as Special Envoy to Iraq ?L. Paul "Jerry" Bremer will be a g reat help to the Iraqi people. Mr. Bremer is a seasoned foreignservice officer with 23 years o f experience including an ambassado rship to the Netherlands andprevious overseas postings in Afghanistan, Malaw i and Norway. He is also former chairman ofthe National Com mission on Terrorism and a mem ber of the President's Hom eland Secu rityAdvisory Council.Is M r. Bremer r ep lacing Jay G am er?Jav Gam er will continue to lead O RHA and focus on day-to-day reconstruction, while Mr..Bremcr will handle the lh g- te rm , political siahilimIion and development of the c o u n v .General Gamer viii become a direct r e ~ o n0 M r Bremer. who will repan to the Sccre!aV ofDefense.Does Mr. Bremer's appointment meno th at Special Envoy Zalmay K halilzad is beingreplaced?Mr. B remer was appo inted to provide another, experienced Coalition presence in thereconstruction and political transition in Iraq. Mr. K halizad will continue to play a veryimportant role, and will also co ntinue to serve as a special envoy to Afghanistan.


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W h at will be M r. Brem er's relationship with GCn. Fr ank s?General Franks will w ork in close consultation with Mr. Bremer and remain in comm and ofU Smilitary forces in Iraq as long as the potential exists for military operations.W hen will more details be released abou t M r. Bremer's relationship to cur re nt Coalitionreconstruction components in Iraq, and w hen will we know more abo ut his mission?Mr. Flremer, only recently appointed, will deploy to Baghdad w ilhin a week, where he pldns 10mcct with Coalition leaders on roles, responsibiltues and mosi effective vay forward to help h eIraqi people.How long will the Special Envoy s tay in Iraq?Mr. Bremer will stay in Iraq as long as it takes to complete the mission of restoring freedom,stability, prosperity and democracy to the Iraqi people.


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M is t r e atm e n t o f Am e r ic a n a n d c oa l i ti on p r i son e r s o f wa r w ill be d e a l twith forcefully.. Any coalition combatants held by the enemy must be considered Prisoneni of WarP O W ) and br neaied in accordance with the Geneva Convennon.. It is a violation of the Geneva Convention for POW s to be treated in a hum iliatingmanner, or for pictures to be taken and shown of prisoners being humiliated.Those that mistreat POWs are criminals and w ill face grave consequences. T h e U.S. i s t r ea t ing I raqi pr i s on ers of w a r in a c c o r d a n c e w ith t h e G e n e v aC onve n t ion .- In every war, POWs are aken. The US. s currently holding more than 2,000Iraqi POWs. They are being treated humanely and in accordance with the GenevaConvention. They are being given food and water, and have access to medicalcare.The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 is an international treaty designated toprotect prisoners of war from inhumane treatment at the hands o f their captors inconflicts covered by the Convention. It is among four treaties concluded in thewake of World War I1 to reduce the human suffering caused by war. The treatiesprovide protections for four different classes of people:

4 Military personnel wounded and sick in land conflicts.4 Military personnel wounded, sick and shipwrecked in conflicts at sea.v/ Military persons and civilians accompanying the armed forces in the fieldwho are captured and qualify as prisoners of war.4 Civilian non-combatants who are interned or otherwise held during anarmed co nflict


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. The United States condemns in the strongest possible terms, the Iraqi missileattack on the nation of Kuwa it last evening.. Over the past few days, at least 12 Iraqi missiles have been fired at Kuwait.Fortunately, all either landed harmlessly in the desert or the Gulf, or were interceptedby Patriot missiles.. This is the first Iraqi missile to h it Kuwait. Fired from the Um Qasr area[unconfirmed] of southern Iraq, it landed just 20 yards from a busy shopping mall,and only one quarter mile from the m ain [presidential?] palace.- The US stands by its friends in the region who have endured attacks by Iraq and wilt

continue to do everything in its power to protect and defend those who support anddefend freedom .

. This kind of attack is typical of Saddam Hussein's regime.These actions prove to the world that Ira q presents a grave threat to its neighbo rs, tothe region, and to the entire world.This attack will n ot weaken the Coalition's resolve.. Saddam Hussein has proven that he i s willing to go to any lengths to maintain power.The coalition will do whatever it takes o remove him and the threat he p s e s to theregion and the world.

. These types of attacks are the last gasp of a dying power: Saddam resorted to thesame type of attack in the first Gulf W ar when he recognized that defeat was at hand.This attack shows why dictators like Saddam Hussein cannot he allowed to p ossessweapons of mass destruction.

Saddam Will N ot Win.- The U nited States and its coalition partners are resolved that the days when dictators.and the thugs that support them, can threaten the world with these kinds of attacks areover.This is a battle between good and evil, freedom from fear. Freedom will win.The future of freedom depends on us. We will not waver, we will not tire, we willnot falter, we will not fail. The Iraqi regime will be disarm ed. Saddam will beremoved from power. US and Coalition forces will prevail.


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"1alklng Fotnts - bventng - 16 Apr 2UUj" r ag e 1 ot 2U S . Department of Defense

"Our victory in Iraq is certain, but it Is not complete. Cenfralizedpowero the dictator has ended, yetin parts of Iraq desperate and dangerous elements remain. Forces o our Coalition will engage theseenemies until they surrender or until they 're destroyed. We have waged this war with determinationand with clarity ofpurpose. We willsee it through until the ob i s done. "--President George W BushApril 15,2003

Operation Iraqi Freedom : Mission Objectives

1 Caoture or drive ou t terrorists sheltered in Iraa. I En d sanctions and immediately deliver humanitarian relief.I

Operation Iraqi Freedom- Day 27. Operation Iraqi Freedom continues. Saddam Hussein no longer rules Iraq oroppresses its people, but dangerous elem ents of the regime remain. Coalition forces willcontinue to engage the enem y until they surrender or are rooted out.. The northern towns of Tikrit, Samara, and Al Qaim have fallen to Coalition forces. British

troops continue to patrol Basra and other ar eas of southern Iraq with Free Iraqi forces.Coalition Special Ope rations forces continue to expand security and set condition? for,u hi ln > while also accunng key facilities of the former regime. denying free movement toformer regime members. and actively bre akin e Iraai links to terrorists - s the recent captureo f ~a les t in ianerrorist, ~ b ubbas, demonstrates.- Victory in Iraa. the destruction of terrorist trainine camus. and the capture of terrorist. - .individuals, arc crucial ad \an ce s i n the war against terror, and a clear message to those whomean us harm that 1) America will defend itsAt against any threat to our people, our forces,Jur allies and friends, and 21 that terroristswill he hunted down, found and b ro ~g ht o~ us tic eno matter h ow long it takes.'

m The Iraqi people continue to provide Coalition forces with useful information about formerregime facilities and storehouses for military equipm ent, weapons, and am munition.Humanitarian and Civil Affairs U pdate. As m ilitary operations wind dow n, the difficult work o f helping the Iraqi people build a safe andstable country goes forward.

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Talk ing Points - Evening - 16 Apr 2003" Page 2 of 2

- Looting has dim inished significantly, refugees who fled Baghdad and other areas are returninghome, and local councils are forming throughout the country to lay the foundations of a new civilorder.- Coalition forces are working to restore or rebuild key infrastruc ture after 30years of neg lect by theIraqi regime.- Humanitarian assistance continues to flow into Iraq from many countries. Over the past few days:. One million liters of water from Turkey were delivered to Kirkuk, as repairs are being madeto power and water systems.. Two K uwaiti Air Force (2-130s brought 24 tons of m edical supplies to B aghdadInternational Airport for distribution to hosp itals and health clinics in the city.Austria will deliver three planes of medical supplies to Baghdad H ospital; andTo date, Australia has earmarked $60 million for Iraqi humanitarian assistance.Yesterday, &^ens of free Iraqis from diverse religious, civil and ethnic groups met in AnNasinyah for the first of several meetings to help transttion the co un tq 10 self-governance

US ForcesAre ReturningHome- As Coalition forces begin transitinning from combat operations to stahiltzing Iraq's cities andtowns. L 'S m il i i q t ~ r ~ e sn the Persian Gu lfreg ion are dravsing duwn.Two of the five aircraft carriers deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom, the USS Kitty Hawk andthe Constellation, are slated to head home soon .B-2 stealth bombers, F-117 tealth fighters, and other aircraft are also returning home.Published h.v the Office o f t h e Assi.stan1Secretary ofDefensefor Public Affairs. April 16,2003

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"Talking Points - Evening - 16 Apr 2003" Page 1 of 2U S . Departmentof Defense

' O u r iinnry in Iniq if certain, bur it is nor complete. Centralivdpower uf the dictator lia f ended, vetin parts of Iraq desperate and donserous flcmiws remain. Forces of our Coalition u'ill rngase rhv^eenemies until the" surrender or u i t i l thev're destroved. We have w&ed this war with determinationand with clarity ofpurpose. We willsee it through until the ob is done."- President George W BushApril 15,2003

Operat ion I raqi Freedom: Mission Object ives

Collect intelligence on terroristnetworks. Help Iraqis rapidly transition to a non-threatening, representative formof self-government that preserves th e territorial integrity of Iraq.Operat ion I raqi Freedom

Day 27. Operation Iraqi Freedom continues. Saddam Hussein no longer rules Iraq oroppresses its people, but dangerous elem ents of the regime remain. Coalition forces willcontinue to engage the enemy un til they surrender o r are rooted out.Th e northern towns of Tikrit, Samara, and A l Qaim have fallen to Coalition forces. British

troops continue to patrol Basra and other areas o f southern Iraq with Free Iraqi forces.. Coalition Snecial Onerations forces continue to exnand s ecw itv and set conditions for.stability wh i'c also securing kc? facilities o f the former regime, den) ing k c mmcment 10former regime members, and actively breaking Iraqi links 10 lcrron41;- as the recent captureof Palestinian terrorist, Abu Abbas, dem onstrates

Victory in Iraq, the destruction of terrorist training cam ps, and the capture of terroristindividuals, are c rucial advances in the war against terror, and a clear message to those whomean us harm that 1) America will defend itself against any threat to o ur people, o w forces,our allies and friends; and 2) that terrorists will be hunted down, found and brought t o justiceno matter how long it takes.the Iraqi people continue to protid e Coalition forces with useful information about formerregime facilmcs and iiiorcho-iscs or m ilitary equipm ent, weapons, and ammunition

Huma nitar ian an d Civi l Affairs UpdateAs m ilitary operations wind dow n, the difficult work of helping the Iraqi people build a safe andstable country goes forward.

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"Talking Points -Evenin g - 16 Apr 2003" Page 2 of 2. Looting has dim inished significantly, refugees who fled Baghdad and other areas are returninghome, and local councils arc forming throughoui the co u n q to lay ihe foundations o fa new civilorder.Coalition forces are working to restore or rebuild key infrastructure after 30 years o f neglect by theIraqi regime.

. Hum anitarian assistance continues to flow into Iraq from many countries. Over the past few days:. One m illion liters of water from Turkey were delivered to Kirkuk, as repairs are being madeto power and water systems.. Two Kuwaiti Air Force C -130s brought 24 tons of med ical supplies to BaghdadInternational Airport for distribution to hospitals and health clinics in the city.. Austria will deliver three planes of medical supplies to Baghdad Hospital; and. To date, Australia has earm arked $60 million for Iraqi humanitarian assistance. Yesterday, dozens of free Iraqis from diverse religious, civil and ethnic groups met in AnNasiriyah for the first of several meetings to help "transition the country to self-governance.

US Forces Are Returning Home. As C oalition forces begin transitioning from combat operations to stabilizing Iraq's cities andtowns, US military forces in the Persian Gulf region are drawing down.. Tw o of the five aircraft carriers deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom, the USS Kitty Hawk andthe Constellation,are slated to head home soon.B-2 stealth bomb ers, F-117 stealth fighters, and o ther aircraft are also returning hom e.

Published b.v she Office o f h e Assismm Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs.A p d 16 2003

m n g ointsHOME

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US. e p a r t m e n t of Defense"Ourvictory in Iraq is certain, but it is not complete. Centralizedpowero the dictator has ended,yet in parts of Ira q desperate and dangerous elements remain. Forces of our Coalition will engagethese enemies until they surrender or until they're destroyed. We have waged this war withdetermination and with clarity ofpurpose. We will see it through until the ob isdone."

-President GeorgeW . BushApri l 15,2003Operation Iraqi Freedom : Mission Objectives

Operation Iraqi Freedom

End the regime o f Saddam HusseinEliminate Iraq's WMD, systems, and facilitiesCapture or driveoutterrorists shelteredm IraqCollect intelligence on terrorist networks

- Day 27. Operation Iraqi Freedom continues. Saddam Hussein no longer rules Iraq oroppresses its people, but dangerous elem ents of the regime remain. Coalition forces willcontinue to engage the enem y until they surrender or are rooted out.

Collect mtelligence on Iraq's illicit WMD activitySecure Iraq's oil fieldslnaturalresources for the Iraqi peopleEnd sanctions nd immediately deliver humanitarian reliefHelp Iraqis rapidlytransition o a "on-threatening, representative formof self-government that preservesthe territorial integrity of Iraq

The northern towns o f Tikrit, Samara, and Al Qaim have fallen to Coalition forces. Britishtroops continue to patrol Basra an d other a reas of southern Iraq w ith Free Iraqi forces.. Coalition Soecial Operations forces continue to exoand security and set conditions for. .stability while also securing key facilities of the former regime, denying free movement toformer regime m embers. and actively breaking Iraqi links to terrorists - s the recentcapture of ~a les tini anerro ris t, Abu ~ b b a s ,emonstrates.Victory in Iraq, the destruction of terrorist training camps, and the capture of terroristindividuals, are crucial advances in the w ar against terror, and a clear message to thosewho mean us harm that 11Am erica will defend itself aaa inst any threat to our people, our.forces, our allies and friends; and 2) that terrorists will be hunted down, fo un da nd broughtto justice no matter how long it takes.. The Iraqi people continue to provide Coalition forces w ith useful information about formerregime facilities and storehouses for military equipment, weapons, and am munition.

Humanitarian and Civi l Affairs UpdateAs m ilitary operations wind down, the difficult work o f helping the Iraqi people build a safe andstable country goes forward.


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Looting has diminished significantly, refugees who fled Baghdad and other areas are returninghom e, and local councils are forming throughout the country to lay the foundations of a new civilorder.Coalition forces are working to restore or rebuild key infrastructure after 30 years of neglect bythe Iraqi regime.Hum anitarian assistance continues to flow into Iraq from man y countries. Over the past few days:. One million liters of water from Turkey wer e delivered to K irkuk, as repairs are beingmade to power and water system s.

Tw o Kuw aiti Air Force C-130s brought 24 tons of medical supplies to BaghdadInternational Airport for distribution to hospitals and health clinics in the city.. Austria will deliver three planes o f medical supplies to Baghdad Hospital; and. To date, Australia has earmarked $60million for Iraqi human itarian assistance.. Yesterday, dozens of free Iraqis from diverse religious, civil and ethnic groups met in AnNasiriyah for the first of several meetings to help transition the country to self-governance

US Forces Are Returning Home. As Coalition hi-ce- ik g ~ nransitioning from cornhat operauons to sta hil izi n~ raq i ities andtowns, I S m ilna p f u r ~ c ~n the Persian Gulf egion are dra w ng ~JV-n- Two of the five aircraft carriers deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom, the USS Kitty Hawkand the Constellation, are slated to head home soon.B-2 stealth bombers, F-117 stealthfighters, and o ther aircraft are also returning home.

Published b y the Office ofshe Assistant Secretary@Defense for Public Affairs. April 16. 2003

Talklna PointsHOME


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. urkey is a democracy, a close friend and ally.. n democracies, as we well know, it can take some time to debate and discusstough issues.- The US . military plans for every contingency.There are several options to basing US. nd C oalition forces on Turkish soil.Whatever the Turkish Parliament decides, it will not adversely affect the outcome ofmilitary action .US and coalition forces will prevail.


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. he Geneva Convention of 1949provides the basic framework of protectionaccorded a prisoner of war.- The G eneva Convention broadened the categories of persons entitled to prisoner-of-warstatus, clearly redefined the conditions of captivity, and reaffirmed the p rinciple o f immediaterelease and repatriation at the end of hostilities.- Iraais who surrender are ~rot ec te drom the mom ent he falls into the power of an enemy untilhis final release anJ repatnauon No form ofcoercion may be inflicted on him IJ secureinr'orm.ni,.indm ! kind. he need on [\ p v c his name. rank, date ofh iit h. and serial nurnhcr- A prisoner of war is any oerson c a ~ h u e d r interned by a belligerent power during war. Inthe strictest sense it is applied only to members of organized armed forces, but bybroader definition it has also included guerrillas, civilians who take up arm s against anenemy openly, or noncombatants associated with a military force.

- Article 3 of the Geneva Convention states "persons taking no active part in the hostilities,including members of armed forces have laid dow n their arms and those placed hors decombat bv sickness. wonnds. detention. or anv other cause shall in all circumstances be.treated humanely without any adverse distinction founded on race, color, religion or faith,sex, birth o r wealth, or any other similar criteria.". oldiers are trained on how to properly take prisoners-of-war.- There are dangers when taking p risoners. Iraqi suicide attackers armed with poison gas orinfected with diseases like sm allpox may hide among surrendering Army units.= Soldiers frisk from head to toe, check armpits, boots and everywhere in between to ensurethe Iraqi is not hiding anything o n his person.. merican forces will process the surrendering troops without impeding the wareffort.. The surrendering Iraqi troops will be rapidly assessed and divided into two broad groups.

One group will be treated as enemy prisoners of war: agents of Saddam suspected ofwar crimes and soldiers who have actively fought against American troops.m A second group will be unwilling combatants, conscripts who give up without a fight,

who will be disarmed and sent home.. hose surrendering can barely be described as Iraqi troops. They are poorly equipped; most do not even have proper boots.Their physical condition is poor, and they have obviously not had proper nutrition fo r a longtime. They are victims of a war waged on the Iraqi people by Saddam Hussein.Surrender in this case is liberation.

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Saddam is once again planning to sabotage the Iraqi oil industry and pollute theenvironment.

. For years, Saddam has been us ing oil to further his own ambitions and has used oil as ameans of terror.Saddam has dug trenches throughout Baghdad and filled it with oil and plans on burning it. Sabotaging the Iraqi oil industry is an act ofter rori sm d irected at the Iraqi people to endangertheir health, safety and futureprosperity.This terrorist act will also destabilize other countries in the region and the internationalcommunity.

The U.S.military is planning to secure Iraq's oil infrastructure in the earliestphases of any possible hostilities.- Iraq's oil belongs to the Iraqi people. Oil is not just a commodity, it's the future of Iraq.- The liberation of Iraq's natural resources will be crucial to the econom ic rehabilitation andstability of that country.- We w ill be encouraging Iraqis not to engage in any activities that would sabotage their oilinfrastructure.

. he liberation of Iraq's natural resources will be crucial to the econom icrehabilitation and stability of that country.A free Iraq will be less dependen t on international assistance and could conceivab ly get backon its feet faster, because Iraq has this marketable commodity.. Iraq's oil accounts for only three percent of the world supply, but accounts for 90 percent ofIraq's foreign exchange.- Prosperity depends on predictability. Stability is a prerequisite for investm ent, innovation andother ingredients of a vibrant economy-whether it is here in the U S . or for the people ofIraq.- Current Iraqi oil capacity could provide $20-$30billion annually to the Iraqi ~ e o p l eor food,medicine and education.


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. Coalition forces have more than enough firepower to overw helm the Iraqi military.Hundreds of warplanes are ready t o rain satellite-laser-guided bom bs onto Iraqi targets aswell as many as 1,000 Tomahaw k cruise missiles and even som e 21,000-pound behemothsthat could wipe ou t hundreds of troops in on e blast.. That precision air power includes the Join t Direct Attack Munition or JDAM, a satellite-guided bomb that was developed after the 1991 Persian Gu lf War.- The military plans to use thousands of JDA Ms over Iraq, helping to make 80 percent or moreof the munitions dropped there precision-guided, versus fewer than o ne in fiv e during theprevious war with Iraq.Th e advances in precision-guided weapons also mean ewer w arplanes can hit more targets.

- Th e US mili tary has more than 1,000 M l A b m s anks and scores of AH-64Apachehelicopters which can destroy Iraq's aging, Soviet-built tanks from beyond the horizon.. Approximately 225,000 US. nd more than 2 5,000 British troops are in the Gulf region.. The forces face a less formidable foe than in 1991.Saddam's defeat following his invasion inKuwait shrank his army from over amillion men to around 400,000. His tank force was cu tin half to all most 2,600. Many of those are badly m aintained.

Comm unications and logistics are also improved. Thermal im agery means troops m ay havealmost total night vision.U.S. military forces are the best equipped, best trained an d most capable of any in the w orld.. The young men and women o fo ur armed forces areAm ericans who volunteer to defendpeace and freedom around the globe.

The "shock and awe" doctrine of immed iate overwhelming firepower is clear.. The military will use precision-guided bombs and missiles. Through laser and satellite-guidedsystems these smart munitions pinpoint military targets with incredible accuracy and lethality.. Tomahawk land-cruise missiles launched from ships in the Mediterranean, Red Sea and Persian Gulfwill supplement air-to-ground weapons.- The coalition is capable of launching many simultaneous and coordinated ground attacks ofvaryingintensity.


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. o g e t h e r with t h e p r e ss u r e o f c o n t i n u a l p s y c h o l o g i c a l op er at io ns , a n d swift,s teady , enc i rc l ing gr oun d advances, Iraqi mi l i t a ry oppo s i t i o n will col lapse.- The geographicalobjective is to encircle Baghdad and force an internal implosion.- We have li&t armored for:cs equipped wrth fightmi; vehicles and art il lery and wi l l move U 8thin fo r~ cm en t i he li@t far;cs have great mobiliry, but arc \ulneraolc to h e w orces. What hemy forces del.ver in reurn are irrf iisn bk fircpwer, >peedand combat ~uper ionn gainstanything Iraq can mu'itcr "lhey candnve f o w r d with around-the-clockassaults,+ mg enem\commmdcrs linlc ttme to RKTWD. counteranack or h m d o w L \. f o r m hn exlcnded, potcntiall!" ..bloody engagements.

And, backed by armor and mechanized infantry, airborneunits can "leap-frog" over Iraqi lines andseize key objectives.- Such arge-scale "vertical envelopment" s expected o be a major -- and spectacular - innovation in awar with Iraq, permitting allied forces to throw Baghdad's defenses into chaos and capture oil fields,river crossings and other targets.. Coal i t ion Forces Face Weakened I raq i Mi l i ta ry. Of Iraq's approximately350 aircraft, an estimated two-thirds are not operational. Their fightertattackplanes, older model Soviet MiG-23's and -25's and French Mirage-Fl jets are nomatch for coalitioncounterparts.Russian-made T-72 tanks are no match for the Amy's MI A1 and M I A2 Abrams main battle tanks,with their supporting phalanx of Bradleys, artillery, Tank-killing gun ships and fixed-wing aircraft.. The Mi's 12u-millimeter main guncan shoot ranher and score first-?hotkills mire often than Iraqitanks. L" S unk i also have long-range hermal sifhts that can penetrate smoke, fog, uust anJdarkness- The army's size is about 350,000 and the coalition anticipates he army wi ll fold immediatelyor soonafter taking casualties.


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. Mas sive Ordnance Air B last (MOAB) Specifications- MO AB is a precision-guided bomb deployed from a C130 Aircraft. The bomb doesnot use a parachute like the Daisy Cutter s o it can be dropped from higher altitudes.

The MO AB weighs 21,500 pounds, as opposed to the D aisy Cutter, which weighs15,OO pounds.. MO AB is a massive blast weapon that explodes just above the ground and thereforedoes not leave a crater.. MO AB works similarly to other conventional blast weapons.- The first blast test of the M OA B took place at Eglin Air Force Base on March 11,2003.. MO AB is a conventional weapon.. While MOA B does produce a mushroom-like cloud, it is NOT a nuclear weapon.

It is much smaller than a nuclear weapon in terms o f blast radius and heat yield, anddoes not emit radiation.

The MOAB is a non-nuclear option that will result in a quicker end to futureconflicts.The massive blast produced by the MOAB has psychological as well as physicaleffects.


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- "year to support the use of force against Iraq"under UN Resolmons 678and687, oll7 sfill ineffecl fne Undea Sfates and our a lies ere

auinonzea to ~ s eorce in fidding lreq of n/eapons of mass oast/Lclion rnis .s not a question of adt/iOnt).. e n f w , On Ao~emner ih 2001 the uh seciinfv coiinci, unan,moiJ-s,ypassed esolution- - -7fully and immediately disarm

'Today, no nation can possibly claim that Iraq hasdisarmed ...The United Nations Security Councilhas not lived up to its responsibilities, so we will rise to ours."President GeorgeW. BushMarch 17.2003

As a legal matter, a new U.N. Security Council Resolution is not requiredforMember States to compel Iraq to comply with its obligations.. 17 U.N. Resolutions remain in force that detail:Iraq's obligations

. Its refusal to disarm

. The consequences for noncompliance.. The two most important are:. I'NSC'R 678, pa.ised in 1990, that authorived Member Stales ti) use "all necessary mean-)"to ~om pc lraq 10 comply with its obligations and 10 restore miemationdl peace andsecurity to the area; and. UNSCR 687, passed i n 1991,that reaffirmedUNSCR 678 and imposeda ceasefire afterthe GulfWar.- Iraq has been i nmaterial breach of its obligations under the ceasefire agreement for12 years, voiding the ceasefire and reinstating the original use of force authority.


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. I raqi re si s t an ce will b e in vain.m Iraqi troops should surrender to Coalition forces.

. The Iraqi regime will be destroyed .. Saddam Hussein will be removed from power.. It is useless for troops to defend Saddam Hussein.. Saddam Hussein is not w orth dying for.M o ra le a n d d e d i c a t i o n o f I ra qi t r o o p s i s c r u m b l in g .. 1 roop support f-ir Saddam is soft, ihev have lived under his brutality id0 long

Many did not enlist willingly, but were consc riptedIn 1991, Iraqi troops su rrendered in droves, many alm ost instantaneously.

m Similar num bers may surrender in this conflict as well.. r a qi m il it ar y pe r s on ne l w h o s u r r e nd e r will b e we ll -t re a te d .- It is not too late for the Iraqi military to act with honor.. Those who surrender will bewell treated.If they choose, Iraqi m ilitary personnelwho surrender could be a positive part of Iraq'sfuture.- There are plans in place to use regular Iraqi arm y forces to assist in various aspects of therebuilding process, such as engineering or road construction, matching ind ividual skills tocritical areas.

m This w ill not only help restore the dignity and prestige of the force, but also put Iraqis towork rebuilding he ir own country.. W e a r e a c t i ve l y c o m m u n i c a t i n g w i t h t h e Iraq i p e o p l e a n d e n c o u r a g i n g Iraq im i l it a ry f o r c e s to su rr en de r . I raqi t roops are being encouraged to su rrender bothpublicly and privately.- Massive leaflet drops are advising troops to tune in to short wave radio broad casts fordetails on how to surrender.

Iraqi troops are receiving instructions on how to behave in ways that are non-threatening.Central Comm and has developed detailed plans and is prepared to address a variety o fsurrender contingencies.

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. a d d a m h a s a l o n g h i s t o ry o f s u p p o r t i n g t e rr o ri s m .Saddam Hussem supported terrorists long before the attacks of September 11thThis support extends beyond providing safe haven to terrorists. Saddam 's regime isknown to train terrorist cells as well.

S a d d a m h a s a h i s to r y o f s u p p o r t i n g m u l t i p l e t e rr o r i st c e l l s .Baghdad trains P alestine Liberation Front m embers in the use of sm all arms andexplosives.Saddam uses the A rab Liberation Front to funnel m oney to the families of Palestiniansuicide bombers.. Saddam provides safe haven and training to al-Qaida.

S a d d a m H u s s e i n a n d a l-Q a ed a.- Iraq harbors a deadly at-Qaida cell headed by Ahu Musab al-Zarqawi. Zarqawi is aknown associate of Osam a bin Laden.. Before 9/11 Zarqawi oversaw a training camp in Afghanistan. The cam p specialized inpoisons.. Zarqawi m oved his cam p to northeastern Iraq after C oalition forces drove him fromAfghanistan. Zarqawi's camp teaches operatives how to produce ri c h and other poisons.. Saddam Hussein has an agen t in the sen ior levels of the Ansar al-Islam, the organizationthat controls the northeastern part of Iraq where the camp is located.We know that Zarqawi was in Baghdad in M ay of 2002During his stay, al-Qaeda affiliates established a base of operations in Baghdad.We know that Zarqawi has plotted terrorist actions against target in France , Britain,Spain, Italy, Germany, andRu ssia.Saddam has p m e n over and over agam that evil men who posses weapo ns of massdestruction uill run hes itate to use Them. The days when the worlii community could silby and allow this to happen have passed.


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US and coalition forces wil l liberate the Iraqi people, not conquer or control them.. Our goal is for the Iraqi people to take full control of their country as soon as possible.. Concurrent with m ilitary action, US and coalition forces will facilitate the de livery ofhuman itarian aid and basic services.Following military action, US and coalition forces will provide security for a brief time as weassist the Iraqi people in their efforts to:- Adopt a new constitution,. Hold elections,- Build a legitimate governm ent based o n democratic principals and institutions.- An Iraqi Interim Authority (IIA) will be established.- The IIA will be an Iraqi, not a Coalition, administration.The 11.4 will operate until a leg itimate, permanent governm ent is established by the Iraqipeople.

The IIA will be as broad-based and inclusive as possible.- The exact mechanism for choosing members will be determined in close consultation withIraqis from all groups and regions.- IIA Mem bers will be derived from all ethnic groups and regions of Iraq.. Mem bers will include Iraqi currently living within Iraq as well as those living outside Iraq.. The IIA will enable Iraqis to immediately participate in the economic and politicalreconstruction of their country.

The IIA w ill be a means of channe ling the talent and energy of the Iraqi people towardreform, prosperity and democracy; and. The means through which Iraqis can start building democratic institutions.. As the situation In Iraq stabilizes and develops, the IIA will exercise increasingauthority over government institutions in Iraq.- Some Ministries, such as the M inistry of Agriculture, will be ready for Iraqi leadershipsooner than others.Security Ministries and organizations will likely take longer. 7


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- But the intention is to encourage and facilitate Iraqi control of Iraqi affairs.Authori ty will b e re turned to l oc a l g o v e r n m e n t a s s o o n a s p o ss ib le .m Local elections may be possible in some regions sooner than a national election, which will

require a new constitution.. The IIA will oversee the process of electing officials at local levels.. An assembly will be convened to draft a new constitution.


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T h e U S . g o e s to e x t ra o r d i na r y l e n g t h s to a v o i d c i vi li an c a s u a l t i e s . T a r g e t s a r ea s s e s s e d , s t u d i e d , a n d p ri or it iz ed in g r e a t d eta il. C o l l a te r a l d a m a g e a n d t y p e s o fw ea p o n a re im po r ta n t f ac to r s in th e de c is ion pro ces s . Regard less o f these e fforts ,USand dlicd forces cannot ensure the s-iictv ofForeign civilians who deliherated position themselve s as shields against attack on Iraqi targets,.. Iraqi or other citizens who are used as shields involuntarily; or- Any who refuse to heed warnings to evacuate to areas of safety.I n t e rn a t i o na l l a w d r a w s a c l e a r d is t in c ti o n b e t w e e n c i v i li a ns a n d c o m b a t a n t s1 e principle that cn ilians must he protected hes at the h em ot intcrnatimal law5 01 armedconflict. .It i s t h i s d i s t in c t io n b e t w e e n c o m b a t a n t s a n d i n n o c e n t c iv i l ia n s t h a t te r r or i s m ,so v i ci o us l y a s s a u l t s .S a d d a m H u s s e i n h a s s h o w n f la g ra n t d i s r e g a r d f o r in t er n at io n a l law . Hepurposefully mixes military targets with civilian populations, and places innocent men, wome nand children directly in the line of fire.. During the Uulr War. Saddam held hundreds of non-Iraq i civilian s, whom he blaiiin il)dew nhed 3-;',human shields."at eovernment and miliiiirv factlmci t h ro u ~ h ~ iu traq He. -was responsible for hundreds, if not thousands, o f civilian casualties, which he then usedto underm ine support for the A merican-led coalition.. Saddam has used schoo ls, orphanages, religious sites, holy Islamic shrines and ancientcultural treasures to shield military forces. He has placed amm unition depots next toneighborhoods and s chools, and air defense missile system s and related equipm ent in andaround am usemen t parks, mosques, schools, hospitals, hotels and shopping districts.. Rocket launchers have been placed next to soccer stadium s, surface-to-air missiles incivilian industrial centers, and hunkers for m ilitary equipm ent next to a hum anitarian foodwarehouse. New mosau es were constructed near military facilities to shield them fromattack, one in the center of an amm unition depot. One floor of an underground militarycomm and and control center was actually used as an air raid shelter.T h e s e o r a c ti c e s h av e b e e n e m o l o v e d s i n c e 1991. r i a h t U D t o a n d d u ri ng t h ec u r re n t i n sp e ct io n p r o c e s s , a n d A l l n o d o u b t c o n t in u e . A I a Sept. 2002 conferencein Ihghdad, Tmq A m prornoted lomation of an ~'internanonalbrigade" of human shieldsThese nractices demonstrate a contemo t for human ife. Thev are not tactics of war; they arecrimes of war and will he treated as such. Deploy ing human shields is not a military strategy,it is murder, a violation of the laws of armed con flict, and Islamic practice and belief.


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The long-term sufferina of the Iraai ~eoDle i ll end with the departure of. . .Saddam. I ndcr SiiJJiim Hussein. I z c i s cni'urcd scxcnv and fear. war, m is rp andrnnurt' While !heir li\ x and freeJom rnanereJ li n k to Saddam, they matter preally 10 usFor decades, Saddam robbed Iraq of its economic resources, spending themon war with its neighbors and the development ofWMD. The end of Saddam willend this economic waste, and Free Iraq's resources to improve the Iraqi people's standard o fliving.. nder UN sanctions, Iraq was prevented from repairing all of its damaged ordestroyed infrastructure. Free of sanctions, Iraqis can begin to rebuild their economyand develop reliable access to electricity, roads, w ater, and mass com munications,dramatically improving their quality of life.While the UN Oil-For-Food program permitted the sale of Iraqi oil for food andmedicine, Saddam ignored the needs of his people. Saddam refused 10 b~.vmedical equipment and& mn ace utic als, manipulated food and medicine allocations to gainsupport for the lifting of sanctions, and diverted m edical supplies to the military whileordinary Iraqis suffered.Free of sanctions, the Iraqi people will be able to rebuild their health caresystem, and secure access to quality care, facilities, and pharmaceuticals.Infant mortality will be reduced, life &pec&cy will rise, and malnutrition will decreasedramatically as oil revenues are used fo r food rather than the production of weapons.Disarming Saddam and ending his regime will remedy most of theconsequences of sanctions. Iraq's 55,000 food distribution sites will be stocked andopen as soon as possible. We will work with the UN nd ou r Coalition partners t o dissolvesanctions and address the needs of the Iraqi people. We will help Iraq build a viableeconomy and a stable government, and recov er from decades of deprivation and oppression.


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. US and coalition forces are doing everything in their power to aid andassist the Iraqi people.US forces have begun to deliver humanitarian assistance to the people of Iraq.The aid was delivered to the (X ) area of Iraq.. Hum anitarian d.iil'. rations iHDKsl were dropped fb) C-17 planes1 in [Y , x, and x I. .. - . -The rations are "cultura lly neutral."US. orces are also providing [wheat, blankets and dates1. Hum anitarian aid will be delivered by ground as well as by air.

Medical supplies [medicine, hygienic kits, laboratory and operationeauioment. vaccines1have also been delivered.. .. [x]was delivered by [x military force1 via [ G I 7 planes] to [place]As soon as i t is practicable to do so, field medical service units Wil l bedispatched.m Medical personnel will provide on-site health care to the Iraqi people, andm Train Iraqi m edical personnel.

. Other operations include dropping leaflets in the area. The leaflets- Publicize to th e Iraqi people the amount o f humanitarian aid the Coalition is providingReassure them that the C oalition supports them and is in their country to assist them.. Are printed in Arabic.. nitial Humanitarian Aid is ust the beginning of a broad and sustainedeffort bv the United States to orovide comfort and assistance to the Iraqipeople as they rebuild their country.- Delivering humanitarian aid to the Iraqi peop le is a US priority.. Assistance planning has been in the works for some time .. As each area of Iraq is liberated and secured, humanitarian efforts will immed iatelyfollow.. The Office of Reconstruction and H umanitarian Assistance will serve as the centrallink, coordinating the relief efforts of U S . agencies, our Coalition partners, andinternational and nongovernm ental organizations.The various aid groups wil l work together toward a common goal:Improving the welfare of the Iraqi people.. The United State's will continue to reach out to countries to ask for contributions andassistance in rebuilding Iraq.


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. he environment is as much a victim of Saddam Hussein's failed policies as are themillions of dead and displaced people of the area.. Just two decades ago ago, Iraq's w ater, arable land, hum an capital and petroleum cou ld have madeIraq one of the most developed countries in the region. Instead, the regime has squ andered Iraq'spotential.

This deg radation reflects the tragic corruption an d misma nagem ent prevalent in failed states likeIraq.. The Iraqi regime typically denies all responsibility for environmental ills and blamesothers.Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz trumpeted the regim e's lies in Johannesburg earlier thisyear w hen he stated Iraq's environm ental woes are tied to international sanctions and the effectsof C oalition bombing in 1991.Saddam Hussein is resnonsible for the destruction of Iraq's wetlands and the sabotage of Kuwaitoil facilities that caused vast oil spills and the release of large am ounts of carbon monoxide andhydrocarbons into the atmosphere in the 1990s.. Saddam's use of chemical weapons has contaminated areas of northern andsouthern Iraq and Iran.This contam ination has led to extraordinary rates o f cancers, neurological disease, birth defectsand other illnesses.. During its warwith Iran in 1983, Iraq breached dams and flooded waterways to blockIranian troop advances in the south.- These acts prove Saddam is not above wasting a scarce resource (water) as a tool of warfare.. Today , innocent Iraqis could again be victimized should Saddam choose to use flooding in hismilitary campaign.Iraq has nine major flood control and hydm-electric power di m s

Five ^re associated with the I'icns River and four with the Euphrates River- Two of the dam s associated with the Tigris are in Kurdish-controlled northeast Iraq. The Euphrates River dam s are key water sources to Baghdad and southern cities.Destroying key dams in Iraq would affect at least 3.5 million residents outside theBaghdad area.- In add ition to affecting millions, destroying the Tigris River dams would dam age or destroymuch of Iraq's wheat and barley crops and transportation and electrical utilities.

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- -Procuremcnt efforts for aluminum tubes continued even drier th e adoption ofResolution 1441Prior to the Gulf War, most allied intelligence agencies estimated that Iraq was atleast five years away from developing a nuclear weapon. Information obtained fromIraqi defectors after the G ulf war sho wed that - f not for that war - raq could haveproduced a nuclear w eapon by 19 93,

Delivery SystemsIraq retains a force of up to a few dozen prohibited SCUD-variant missiles, missilesthat violate the 1 50km. ange limited established in UN resolution 687,. Iraq is deploying these m issiles.. Dr. Blix has reported repeated tests of missiles beyond the 150km. ange.Dr. Blix has reported that Iraq has illegally imported 380 SA-2 rocket engines, againin violations of Resolution 687. Some were acquired after adoption of Resolution1441.. UNSCOM discovered that Iraq had an active Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)program with ties to its chemical and biological weapon s programs. Technicalintelligence has show that Iraq has flown a UAV in a racetrack pattern to a range of500 km, again in violation of previous limits.

Iraqi Weapons Are a Threat to the US, the Region, and the WorldThese weapons pose a threat to the United States and the Am erican people, to Iraq'sneighbors in the region, and to the entire world.The Iraqi regime is determined to acquire the means to strike the US and its friendsand allies withweapons of mass destruction, acquire the territory of its neighbors, andimpose control over the Persian Gulfregion.

In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran and used chemical weap ons against Iranian forces. In 1988, Saddam's forces killed 5,000 innocent civilians in a chemical weaponsattack against the Kurdish village of H alabja.In 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuw ait. Thousands of innocent Kuw aiti civilianswere tortured, raped, and murdered du ring the occupation.. In 1991, Iraq was poised to march on other nations but was stopped by US-ledcoalition forces.. Iraq h as laun ched ballistic missiles a t four of its neighbors: Iran. S audi Arabia,Bahrain, and Israel.

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- Iraq assassinates its opponents, at home and abroad, and has attempted toassassinate the former Israeli Ambassador to Great Britain, and former USPresident George H.W. Bush.Saddam has openly praised the attacks of 9-1 1 and repeatedly threatens the USand our allies, saying "Every Iraqi [can] become a missile."Saddam plays host to terrorist networks and has directly ordered acts of terror onforeign soil.. As Spain, Portugal, Italy, Britain, Hungary, Poland, Denmark and Czechoslovakiarecently declared, Iraq represents a "clear threat to world security" and must bedisarmed.

Iraq Continues to Deny and Deceive,The job of the UN nspectors is not to find what Saddam has hidden, but toinspect what Saddam has revealed.Iraq has chosen to reveal nothing. Rather than comply with UN Security CouncilResolution 1441, and 17 previous UN resolutions, Iraq refuses to reveal its currentcapabilities, continues to deny that it has any weapons of mass destruction, andpersists in its efforts to deceive the inspectors into believing what it says is true.According to the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Iraqi denial and deceptionprogram is a deliberate, methodical, extensive and well-organized national-level,strategic effort, aimed a t deceiving not just the United States, the United Nations,or the m edia, but, in fact, the entire w orld."

The pattern is fam iliar.Since the end of the Gulf War, Iraq's denial and deception campaign has had threemain goals:. Blur the truth about Iraqi compliance;. Keep UN inspectors from learning the full extent of Iraq's WMD capabilities;Prevent Iraq from being completely disarmed in accordance with U.N.resolutions.

Published by the Office of the Assistant Secretary ofD efen se for Public Affairs, February 2003 5


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Some of Iraq's m ore commo n techniques include:. Concealment - housing a w e a p n s facility in a uon-descript building in aresidential neighborhood;. Sanitization - moving, hiding, or destroying documents and materials whileinspectors are delayed,. Fraudulent declarations - making "full and final disclosures" that are latermodified each time inspectors or defectors reveal additional information.Sacrifice- giving up already comprom ised or outdated information to keep up theappearance of co-operation.. Overload - providing vast amounts of extraneous data to overwhelm analyticalcapabilities,. Cover stories - uch as the "baby m ilk plant'" or "castor oil plant"" subterfuges toconceal the true use of factories and facilities.

m Dual-use facilities - manufacturing and public health facilities that havelegitimate uses for many of the same components of biological and chemicalweapons programs.. Sensitive sites - dentifying certain sitesi" as "sensitive" whose inspection wouldconstitute a violation of Iraqi sovereignty.Disinformation - such as simulating damage to mosques or other unacceptabletargets in an effort to alter public opinion in its favor.'"

Secretary Powell's 90-minute presentation to the UN Security Councilproved that Saddam's pattern of denial and deception continues to thisday. The presentation, which included satellite photos, recordings of interceptedtelephone calls, and intelligence reports, documented the lengths to which Saddam iswilling to go to deceive the inspectors and the world - n clear violation of UN SecurityCouncil Resolution 1441 which com pels Iraq to cooperate with disarmam ent.- The report detailed how Saddam:. Ordered the removal of all prohibited weapons from palace co mplexes;

Hid prohibited items in private homes, including 2,000 pages of relevantdocuments in the home of one Iraqi scientist;. Placed key files in cars that w ere then driven around the country by Iraqi agents toavoid detection;Concealed chemical weapons and facilities that whose signatures were detectedby satellites;

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- Completely dismantled and removed o ne chemical weapons facility, including thesurrounding topsoil, as captured o n before and after satellite imagery;Replaced weapons experts with Iraqi intelligence agents;

- issued a false death certificate for on e scientist, then sent him into hiding;. Placed another dozen experts under house arrest in one of Saddam's "guesthouses."These and other facts were corroborated by many s ources, including theintelligence services of other countries. Much of what has been re\ealed camenot from inspectors, but from defectors who knew where the weapons were, what thecapabilities were, where the documentation was hidden, and relayed this information tothe world.Iraq's Terrorist Tactics Include the Torture and Oppression of Hfs OwnPeople. Saddam Hussein has turned Iraq into a prison, a poison factory, and a torturechamber for any who threaten or disagree with him. The list of his atrocities arenumerous in length and almost too horrendous to recite.Saddam has:

Executed members of his own cabinet and personally sho t and killed his Ministerof Health.Subjected tens of thousands of political prisoners and ordinary citizens toarbitrary arrest and imprisonment, summary execution, torture, beatings,burnings, electric shocks, starvation and mutilation.Ordered doctors to surgically remove the ears of military deserters, and authorizedthe gang rape of Iraqi women, including political prisoners, the wives anddaughters of the opposition and members o f the regime suspected of disloyalty.Ordered the use of Sarin, Tabun, VX, and mustard agents against whole villages,leaving thousands dead, blinded or disfigured. In one case, he killed 5,000innocent civilians in a single day,Ordered the extermination of between 50,000 and 100,000 people in NorthernIraq, and the destruction of over 4,000 villages.Forced confessions by torturing children while their parents were made to watch;burning with hot irons. drimine acid on the skin. mutilation with electric drills,. .cutting out tongues, and rape.

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The Risks of War Must be Balanced Against the Risk of Doing Nothing. Thesecurity environment we are entering is the most dangerous the world has ever seen.While we wait, Iraq continues to pursue weapons o f mass destruction.Our challenge is to prevent a n attack before it occurs, not pick up what'sleft after it happens. September 11 was a vivid foreshadowing of far more deadlyittac ks to come. We have the advantage of hindsight, but hindsight has no value if we donot use it to team.

0 The threat is there for all to see. The world has been put on notice. The questionis: what will we do about it? Will we recognize the seriousness of the threat or remainparalyzed by indecision while the danger gathers?

TheGame is OverSeventeen times the United Nations has drawn a line in the sand. and 17times Saddam has crossed it.

The UNSC must rise to the challenge posed by the Iraqi regimeI f Iraq docs no t disarm and Mrce becomes necessary, tile l .n t1ed Suies and a coalitionof frcedom-lo, i n s n a t i on s w i l l disarm him, and we will prevail

ENDNOTES

' During the Gulf War, oalition forces bombed a suspected biological weapons plant that was painted in military camouflage,surrounded by dou ble chain-link fences with armed guards psted at the entrances.Iraq claimed the site was an infantformula factory They prepared a hand-pain ted sign in English an d Arabic, dressed up plant personnel in uniforms labeled"baby milk plant," then broug ht in foreign media for a controlled tow." Coalition aircraft bombed a so-called"castor oil plant" in 199 1 and =gain during O pr at io n Desert Fo x in 1998. The Iraqishave mce mburlt it and claim the site e x m m castor o il fo r b d e lu id . Casmr beamarc also used to produce ri c h a deadlybiological toxin"One such site, a "presidential palace" included hardened bunkers and a command and control facility. Another siteencompasses 18 squarekilometers.' During the Gulf War, Iraqis damaged a mosque , brought in the news media, and accused the U.S, of destroying religiousshrines. A satellite photo showed the rn~sque's ome has been neatly removedand the nearest bomb crater some distanceawav.

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. raq continues to defy and deceive. Pretexts of cooperation are not enough.The al Samoud 2 missiles are just the tip of the iceberg. We know that, after the Gulf war,UN SCO M inspectors determined that Iraq:Could have oroduced 25.000 liters of anthrax;FaileJ to account for 3.5 meinc tons of biological flow lh m aterial;Possessed about 16.000 rockcis. shells and bombs tilled w ith m usur d ur nerve agcnis,. 30,000 unfilled m unitions, and .. Enough precursor materials to produce an additional 500 tons of chemical agents;. What we don't know is where these weapons are now.History suggests that even if Saddam destroys som e missiles, he will not d estroy hisinventory nor the infrastructure that produced them.. he issue is not "this program" or "those weapons." The issue is complete and totaldisarmament, which Saddam refuses to do.

The pattern is familiar. Saddam's p atter nof defiance and deception has continued for morethan a decade. He refuses to cooperate. He dr am out the orocess. When violations arediscovered, he denies the evidence and refases to acknowledge the violation. When pressurebuilds, he relents, providing the least amount of cooperation possible. This is not disarmament.It's the same old gam e of cheat and retreat.Nothina less that full and como lete disarmament. This is not a matter of dribblingow, one b,v uric. weapons whose exiiicnce Saddam has prc-vi.~slvdenied f i l s i s notfundanieniol chanri- It 1-1 not cuoncriiiion It is not full and comdete J i s m m e n t . It is defianceand deception.1441 is simple and clear. It calls for fall, immediate, unconditional, and voluntarydisarmament, beginning with a com plete, open, and honest declaration. It gives Iraq one finalopportunity to comply. Iraq has not disarmed; its 12,000-page declaration is incomplete andinaccurate; its final opportunity to com ply has been squandered.. All diplomatic avenues have been offered and exhausted. In the 12 years thathave passed since the end of the Gulf War, 17UNSC resolutions have been passed and agreed toNone have been obeyed.

. raq represents a direct and growing threat to US safety and security. W ecannot wait until that threat becomes reality. The time for games has ended. IfSaddam does not fully, voluntarily, and imm ediately disarm, the United States will lead acoalition to disarm him.


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The Liberation of Iran. On Marcn 19 2003 me Lniteo States and is Coal.non partners launcneo we firs* a r slnnes of OperallOnIraq Freeoom On the even'ng of Apn! 9 2003. raqs dance0 an0 na wd neir coiJnlry's f ag n c e mBaghoaa as J S Mannes %ppted a luge statue of raqi Pres-dentSaocam h s s e n In a mafler 01 cetsh s s e n s decades-ola eg me nad been re-roved iioeratina25 m 11on raq s from one of me w r a s mostbrutal tyrannies.Operation Iraqi Freedom was a military success, courageouslyexecuted by American men and women inuniform. It was an operation of unparalleledprecision and speed, and was carried out in a way thatprevented many "worst case" scenarios: there was no widespread destruction of Iraq's oil infrastructure, nolengthy street-by-street ighting in Baghdad and no humanitariancrisis or massive low of refugees toneiohborino countries. Food and medical aid beaan lowina into Ira0 almost immediatelybehind the troops,andthere was no 'adventurism" by Iraq's neighbors or other destabilizing action in the region.One year later raqis are engaged n me enormous cna ~enge f rebu ld'ng me r c o m b a'ter aecades ofneaieci ano are worn i a w h me Coal Ion toward me creal on of a secdre stable. so-ere'gn an0 peaceful

Freedom & SovereigntyOn March 8, the Iraq i Governing Council approved he Transitional Administrative Law (TAL). The TALwill serve as Iraq's interim const itution between June 30,2004, and December 31,2005. An interimgovernment will assume sovereignty on June 30th. Elections fora national assembly will be held inDecember 2004, paving the way for a transitional government until a permanent constitution s written andratified by referendum n the fall of 2005.. The TAL includes a historic Bi ll o f Rights that is unprecedentedfor Iraq and the region. it guaranteesthe basic rights of all Iraqis, ncluding freedom of religion and worship, the right to free expression, topeacefully assemble, to organize poiitical parties, and to form and join unions. It also guarantees heright to peacefully demonstrateand strike, to vote, to receive a fair trial, and to be treated equally underthe law. Discrimination based on gender, nationality, religion, or origin is strictly prohibitedIn nearly all major cities and most towns and villages, Iraqi municipal counc ils have been formed.. Approximately 24 Iraqi cabinet min iste rs also contribute eadership on a day-to-day basis to the business ofthe government.. For lne frsi Ime n more man a generaton fie Iraq pdic ary is fully ndepenoent More man 600 Iraqiludaes ores de ove' more man 500 courts Inat ooerale ,ndeoenaent from we r . 3 ~Goveninq Co~nCil ndfrom the Coalition ProvisionalAuthorityMore than 170 Independent newspapers are in print. Al Iraqia(formerly the Iraqi MediaNelnwk) sbroadcasting20 hours per day.

PreparedbyDonMeyer& MargaretMurphy,OSD-PA: 703-697-10651693-5131


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. Ameman an0 Coal to n armed forces are taking me offensive a g a m remnants o6Saooam ni ss e n's reg meand terronsis n raq. eating more man 1,600 patro ls a oay and conddcl r q an average of 180 raids a ee. Forty-six of the 55 most wanted nusse n regime members have been cap t~reo r K Ied i nc i~ag me brutald ctator n m e f &hose c a p tm sent a power1 ..message 10 me r q i peo?e mat me tyranny of me past isover.. More than 200,000 Iraqis now provide security for their fellow citizens. Iraqi security forces now accountfor the majority of all forces i n Iraq.- Nationwide, approximately 77,000 police of fice rs have been hired. The new Iraqi Civil Defense Corps has more than 30,000 personnel operating and another 3,800 intraining.

Approximately 20,000 Iraqis serve in the Border Police Force.. 73,000 are in the Facility Protection Service, protecting vital in fra st~c turerom sabotage and terroristattacks.. More than 3,000 soldiers serve in the new Iraqi Army.. ntell igence in Iraq has improved since the capture of Saddam Husseln: more Iraqis are telling Coalitionsolo e-i abo d a n Coa ,ton forces foregn 'ignte-s. and the .ocalons of mproi.sea exp o s ~ ee ~ i e sndweapons cacres Sadaam's capt.re is a so a cift nq the Coal on to apprenena more m 0- e/e financesand organizers.. S~ccess Iran ng raq s as secunty forces s a1 ow ng U S troops 10 rotate bat< to r e ncme siatons nMay t i e Caa (1on s forces vii Idecrease from approximately 130,000troops to apprcx male y 110 000

Quality of Life. W 3.3 md lon metrk tons of f m as enlered Iraq The CPA nas pJmaseo oca raqt harvestsnc -d ng 450 000 memc ions of raq *eat and more tnan 300 000 melrtc tois of raqi baney. P i c e : Aii 240 hosp itals in Iraq and more than 1,200 clinics are open. More than $210 million(U.S.) was approved in 2003 for the Iraqi Ministry of Health for pharmaceuticalsupplies and equipment, basichealth care services, medical equipment and power generators for hospitals. (Saddam's regime spent only$13 million or health care in 2002.) Public health spending s 26 times higher than the amount spent duringSaddam's reign. Doctors' salaries are at least eigh t times what they were under Saddam. More than 90%of all Iraqi children now receive routine mmunizations.. Water & Sanitation: Two-thirds of potable water production n Iraq has been restored. Three Baghdadsewage treatment plants will be rehabilitatedby October2004. The rehabilitatedplants will treat nearly 800million liters a day, benefiting3.5 mi lli on people. The Sharkh Dijlah water treatment plant is beingrehabilitatedand expanded o add 225,000cubic meters a day to Baghdad's potable water supply by


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summer 20M. At a r i an Wastewater Treatment Plant c.wd restorat on is 10 percent comp ete In ine Sou!h.wor6 nas 0eg.n on 12 of 14 water ir eat wnt plants and 80 percent o l me 250 pumps naie men del vered. Power generation surpassed4,400megawatts of electr icity n late 2003. Six months prior, the country Wuldbarely generate 300 megawatts. Iraq and Jordan have set up a joint long-term project to construct anelectrical distribution grid the two countries will share.. Telecommunications:There are now more than 900,000 telephone subscribersand 225,000wirelesssubscribers n Iraq- a 10% higher subscription rate than before the war.. Economv: Averaae crude oil omduction has reached 2.5 million barrels per day; since June 2003 oil salesG e r a t e d ore than $~ 'b i l l l onn revenue or raqi recsnstr~c ton. r aqs nert cenlra Dan6 's f ~ l /inoe~enaeni.ana oanrts are ma6 no loans to t nance b~sinesses M e han 95 percen! o' a1 pre-war oankcustomers have service. In 0ctober 2003 the new Iraqi dinar went into circulation, providing a unifiedcurrency for ail of Iraq.

. All 22 universitiesand 43 technical nstitutes and colleges are open, as are nearly all primary and secondaryschools.. The Fulbright Scholarship Program was restarted n January 2004 -- 25 Iraqi students received scholarships. More than 5.5 mil lion chi ldren went back to school in 2003, free from Saddam's repressive egime. Iraqicn 'dren no onger have 10 rec re long ive the leader Saadam in ssen' eacn mom ng SCIOO~DOO


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4. Teachers are receiving higher pay and better training.. Teachers currently earn from 12 t o 25 times their former salaries.. In October 2033 more man 100 teachers, principals and supervisor* earneo me "Masler TeacherTra ner cenf ca ion. Tnese eauca-crs *ere f,rst in me program, wnch tra ns eo-cators 10 leacn eacn

other. They will train teachers throughout Iraq.International Support

A broad coalition of nations is providing support forefforts to stabilize and rebuild Iraq: 34 countries,including11of the 19NATO countries, have provided more than 25,000 troops to help secure iraq. Thereare two multinationaldivisions in Iraq: one led by the United Kingdom in central-south raq and one led byPoland with forces from 17 nations.. n southern iraq, the transition to Multinat ional Dlvis ion Southeast and Multinational Dlvision South iscomolete. Jaoanese t rooos are now Dart of MuftinationalDivision South. In their first depioyment into acombat environment sn World W ~ ~ I I ,hey are providing medical assistance, water supplies and helping toreconstruct public facilities,. The internationalcommunity has pledged at least $32 bi ll ion to Improve schools, health care, roads, waterand electricity supplies, agriculture and other essential services.The World Bank, InternationalMonetary Fund, the European Union, and 38 countries have pledged toextend oans and grants to Iraq. Other nations are contributing humanitarian assistance,extending exportcredits and reducing Iraqidebt.. The UN Securitv Council on Oct. 16. 2003. unanimouslva~nroved esolution1511 that calls on memberslates to supportthe work of the multinational orce in I&. The resolutionalso calls on member states tocontribute both military orces and financial support for Iraq's reconstruction.


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Stcu rltv and Reconstruction"Tie pr map combat m s s m forhL S mil ta'y in Afgnanstan6 to remofe a, Qama ana Ta ban elements J S f o ~may also destroy on qs imey are enw.in!ereo n the c o m e of perform,ng meor pnmary mss on Tnere afe a?PrOX malev12 000 S aio 2 000 Coa ,ton forces from 17 co un tte sd e~ oy ea in 'ghanstan n adaton thereare 6 300 internalonaiSecurity Assistance Forces (iSAF) from six additional countriesunder he control of NATO. n international Coalition leads reconstruction p ~ q re s sn Iraq. The lead Coalition countries, by sector, are:Security sector reform (includes building the Afghan N at'cnalAmy) - USA> Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration- Japan

9 Counter-narcotics - U.K.> Judicial reform -- ItalyF Police training.- ermany. The Afghan National Army (ANA)b Tne AhA is appmx mateiy 6 500 strong - hey are a ua ned and dsc omed fiqh'ng brce cawo le Of mnduclinqw th cornoat an0 cn i rii ary affairs operatons n wnpn clon with Coal1on 'orces

ANA training began in May of 2002, with thegraduationofthe first battalion 0r"Kandak"frorn basic training in July.A total of 14 ANA battalions have been trained and equipped and seven have been involved in operations ANAtraining was accelerated rom 6,600 soldiers to 10,800 per year beginning n January 2004.> The ANA will be a key contributor to Afghanistan's security and is expected to total 10,000 by summer of 2004when the ANA's Central Corps will be fielded,

ProvincialReconstruction TeamsPmv ncal R ew nstn~cton e a m (PRTs) extend tnevis.b,l.tyand reach of tne Afgnan Stan nationa government orthe oeief' l of me Afgnan peope PUT ac8vnes closer coom nate wnh me .nneo Nations Ass stance Misson InAfa^ianstan nonqownmentalorqaeizstow andinte'natonalassociatonsTne centra Afqnan government andthe regional leaders all support

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