06 1250 SITE BIOLOGY SEITZ-KING - City Tech OpenLab€¦ · 10/4/2012 6 lecture six site biology...
Transcript of 06 1250 SITE BIOLOGY SEITZ-KING - City Tech OpenLab€¦ · 10/4/2012 6 lecture six site biology...
10/4/2012
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ARCH 1250
APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
CLASS SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
John Seitz, RA, LEED APAdjunct Assistant Professor
Professor Paul C. King, RA, AIA, ARAAssistant Professor
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms
Biology
OVERVIEW
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Ernst Haeckel, Tree of Life, 1866
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SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment
Ecosystem - the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space
Ecology
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Plants =
food
nutrition
medicine
healthwell-being
thermal comfort
paper
clothing
lumberclean water
clean air
bio-fuels
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the degree in variation of life forms across ecosystems, biomes and the planet.
Maintains reservoirs of genetic diversity essential to agricultural practice.
The Irish potato blight of 1846 caused the death of over 1 million people because only
two varieties of potato were grown across the country and they were both vulnerable to the blight.
Provides a resource for medicine and the development of new drugs.
80%of the world’s population depends upon medicine from nature
50% of US pharmaceuticals are derived from plant compounds
Under assault from climate change, development and food production.
30% of world’s plant and animal species face a medium to high certainty of extinction this century.
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Translates as “love of life” and is increasingly used by sustainable designers to describe our inherent preferences for natural
environments. There are a number of “bio-philic” design elements that are central to sustainability and
which support our well-being.
Change
DelightNurtureCaptivate
Biophilia
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURES
UNBUILT
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CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURES
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
The living structure of the unbuilt environment has been shaped by access to resources and adaptation over millions of years, largely self-sustaining. Characterized by biodiversity, ecological productivity is 100% solar driven
• Canopy, understory, ground plants
Vegetative Structure
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
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CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
Forest, North Carolina (image © 2009 John Seitz )
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
CLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
Understanding how natural plant communities have evolved helps us shape the design of not only our site plantings, but also our site and buildings.
Types of Plant Communities
SavannahRain Forest Temperate Forest
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Living structure of the built environment is being shaped by structures andhuman preference, largely dependent upon significant human intervention, not sustaining. Characterized by lack of diversity, energy intensive and includes numerous stressors.
Vegetative Structure
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
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CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
Savannah, GA, plans from Bacon’s, Design of Cities
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
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greensward studies began with the 3rd Regional Plan in 1996
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Urban heat island, pollution, competition, invasive plants, habitat fragmentation
Challenges
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Urban Heat Islands
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
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CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
10/4/2012
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
After habitat loss, collisions with buildings are the 2nd
largest cause of bird mortality. It is estimated that glass and reflective facades and illuminated interiors kill billions of birds annually. Some strategies that have been successful in making glass more visible include patterning, more mullions, reduced reflectivity, reduced night lighting and UV strips in glass, visible to birds, not people.
Birds and Buildings
OVERVIEW
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Energy intensive, biologically poor, ecologically unproductive
Solar driven, biologically rich, ecologically productive
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
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CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Green corridors, green belts, mosaics, native plants, habitat creation, reduced use of pesticides and herbicides, reduce use of glass (or create glass visible to birds) along flyways in particular (NYC)
Strategies
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
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UNBUILT
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STRATEGIES
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Green corridors in NYC
PlaNYC has established two Parks and Public Open Space initiatives that prioritize green corridors and ecological connectivity.
Initiative 10 - Create a network of green corridors
Streets and other dedicated paths perform multiple functions, including promoting recreation, capturing stormwater, and cleaning our air. We will seek opportunities to create a network of green corridors.
Initiative 13 - Support ecological connectivity
We will also seek to promote ecological connectivity, closely linked green spaces that increase opportunities for people, flora, and wildlife to transition more easily between fragmented natural spaces.
Building sites represent nearly half the land area in the city and have a great potential to mitigate the urban heat island effect, increase biodiversity, retain stormwater, and perform other critical ecological functions
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
MICROCLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
MICROCLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
NYC, Highline Park
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
NYC, Highline Park
OVERVIEW
COMMUNITY LOCATION and LINKAGE
COMMUNITY PATTERNS and FORM
COMMUNITY ACCESS
HEALTH OVERVIEW
HEALTH and IAQ
HEALTH and CONNECTION TO NATURE
INSPIRATION
EDUCATION
NEXT CLASS
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Local Food Production
OVERVIEW
COMMUNITY LOCATION and LINKAGE
COMMUNITY PATTERNS and FORM
COMMUNITY ACCESS
HEALTH OVERVIEW
HEALTH and IAQ
HEALTH and CONNECTION TO NATURE
INSPIRATION
EDUCATION
NEXT CLASS
Eagle Street Rooftop Farm (middle image), New Vision Garden, East New York (right, left) © 2010 John Seitz )
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Local Food Markets
OVERVIEW
COMMUNITY LOCATION and LINKAGE
COMMUNITY PATTERNS and FORM
COMMUNITY ACCESS
HEALTH OVERVIEW
HEALTH and IAQ
HEALTH and CONNECTION TO NATURE
INSPIRATION
EDUCATION
NEXT CLASS
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SITE BIOLOGY
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APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGYEagle Street Rooftop Farm, Greenpoint (image © 2010 John Seitz )
Native Meadow Rooftop Garden, Linda Tool and Die, Red Hook (image © 2010 John Seitz )
OVERVIEW
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STRATEGIES
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
CLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
Extensive green roof
Intensive green roof
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
CLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
Renzo Piano's roof for the California Academy of Sciences building in SF
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
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CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
Musee du Quai Branly, Paris, 2007 Patrick Blanc
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Public Open Space
OVERVIEW
COMMUNITY LOCATION and LINKAGE
COMMUNITY PATTERNS and FORM
COMMUNITY ACCESS
HEALTH OVERVIEW
HEALTH and IAQ
HEALTH and CONNECTION TO NATURE
INSPIRATION
EDUCATION
NEXT CLASS
“Ensure that all New Yorkers live within less a 10 minute walk to a park”
PlaNYC Goal
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
COMMUNITY LOCATION and LINKAGE
COMMUNITY PATTERNS and FORM
COMMUNITY ACCESS
HEALTH OVERVIEW
HEALTH and IAQ
HEALTH and CONNECTION TO NATURE
INSPIRATION
EDUCATION
NEXT CLASS
10/4/2012
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
CLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
Native Plants and Lepidoptera species supported
Common name Genus Butterfly or moth species
Goldenrod Solidago 115
Asters Aster 112
Sunflower Helianthus 73
Joe pye, Boneset Eupatorium 42
Morning glory Ipomoea 39
Sedges Carex 36
Honeysuckle Lonicera 36
Lupine Lupinus 33
Violets Viola 29
Geraniums Geranium 23
Black-eyed susan Rudbeckia 17
Iris Iris 17
Evening primrose Oenothera 16
Milkweed Asclepias 12
Verbena Verbena 11
Common name Genus Butterfly or moth species
Oak Quercus 534
Black cherry Prunus 456
Willow Salix 455
Birch Betula 413
Poplar Populus 368
Crabapple Malus 311
Blueberry Vaccinium 288
Maple Acer 285
Elm Ulmus 213
Pine Pinus 201
Hickory Carya 200
Hawthorn Crataegus 159
Spruce Picea 156
Alder Alnus 156
Basswood Tilia 150
Results of a study undertaken by Professor Douglas Tallamy and published in Bringing
Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants, 2009
These numbers become astonishing when you consider that many of our non native species even after several hundred years in this country support 0 Lepidoptera species.
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Waste to plant food
Going . . . Going … gone
Going . . . Going … gone. . .
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW
SELECTION & BOUNDARIES
ANALYSIS and MAPPING
PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN
CLIMATE
PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE
INTRO TO TERM PROJECT
NEXT CLASS
Adaptability to change (resilience) is a hallmark of
sustainable systems.
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
A modular wall system of pods housing hydroponic plants being developed by the Center for Architecture Science and Ecology (2008).
Active Phytoremediation Wall System
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LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Because the plants’ roots are exposed, instead of being buried in soil, the plants’ air-cleaning capacity increases by 200 to 300 percent.
Air moves through a perforated air intake duct and directly over the root system. This allows the rhizomes on the roots to essentially digest airborne toxins (VOCs, particulate matter, and other biological and chemical pollutants) without the plant itself becoming toxic (which is
what happens when the toxins are taken in solely through the leaves).
LECTURE SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
ARCH 1250
APPLIED
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
NYC COLLEGE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Formaldehyde removal rates of some common plants.
Based on EPA data a typical 100 SF commercial office may contain on average 3916 ug of formaldehyde. This formaldehyde can be completely removed with 2-4 plants.
OVERVIEW
VEGETATIVE
STRUCTURE
UNBUILT
BUILT
CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES
10/4/2012
22
ARCH 1250
APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
CLASS SIX
SITE BIOLOGY
John Seitz, RA, LEED APAdjunct Assistant Professor
Professor Paul C. King, RA, AIA, ARAAssistant Professor