05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions

8/12/2019 05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions

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2008-01-30 Substation Automation and Protection Training

RED670 Line DifferentialProtection IED

Current functions

Substation Automation andProtection Training

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Instantaneous phase overcurrent, IOC max

2 instances

Four step phase overcurrent, TOC, 1

instance

Instantaneous residual current, IEF, 1instance

Four step residual overcurrent, TEF, max 1

instance

RED 670; Current functions


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Breaker failure protection, BFP, max 2 instances

Stub protection, STB, max 2 instances

Thermal overload protection, THL, max 2 instances

Pole Discordance, PD, max 2 instances

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IOC, TOC, THL, BFP and PD are standard in the pre-

configured variants:

A31 3ph 1 CB

A32 1ph 1 CB B31 3ph 2 CB

B32 1PH 2 CB



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Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent function (PIOC, 51)

Set as instantaneous protectionwhere the fault current is limited todefined maximum values e.g. froma long power line or a transformerreactance.

Low transient overreach to allowsetting close to the maximumthrough fault current level

High speed to give fast faultclearance at heavy fault currents

Can give phase information and beused with Distance protection as

fast optional function also givingsingle phase tripping

Current can be summated from two(or more) current input sets.

IF

3I>>

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OpMode = 1out of 3 or 2 out of 3

IP>> = The setting threshold for the current function

StVaMult = A multiplication factor for increase of IP>> by

activating input ENMULT

Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent function (PIOC, 51)


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PIOC,51; Calculation of settings

Select IP>> = max(IfB,IfA)

Consider also eventual transient overreach due to

possible dc component of the fault current

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Consider also the effect of parallel line when applicable

PIOC,51; Calculation of settings


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PIOC, 51; Function block

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Phase Overcurrent function (TOC, 51_67)

Four stage Phase overcurrent.

Each stage can be setDirectional or Non directional

Each stage can be Definite- orInverse time delayed.

19 IEC/ANSI curves

Logaritmic invers

Taylor made curve is available

Each stage can be blocked fromsecond harmonic inrush currents.

With directional memory

Current can be summated from two(or more) current input sets.

IF

3I>

4


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en05000740_ansi.vsd

Direction

Element

4 step over currentelement

One element for eachstep

HarmonicRestraint

Mode Selection

dirPhAFlt

dirPhBFlt

dirPhCFlt

harmRestrBlock

enableDir

enableStep1-4

DirectionalMode1-4

faultState

Element

faultState

I3P

V3P

I3P

PICKUP

TRIP

Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67)

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Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67)

The filtering principal can be

selected to Discrete Fourier

Filtering (DFT) or true RMS

(RMS) by the setting

parameter MeasType

DFT filer out the fundamental

component which is most

common in normal line

protection applications

RMS gives a current which

includes harmonics, which is

usefull in shunt capacitor

applications


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Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67), - Application

Back-up selectivity with directionand different time grading in bothdirections

IF

3I>

4

G

G67/51

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PTOC, 51_67; Direction

Uref

Idir

RCAROA

Forward

ROA

en05000745.vsd

Reverse

The direction is determined by

checking the angle of U and I

Voltage is the angle reference

Lagging current is plus angle


Direction can be set

Off/Non-directional

Forward/Reverse

RCA ~ 10-40

ROA ~ 100-150


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TOC, 51_67; Reset possibilities

3ANSI Reset

(Inverse time)

2IEC Reset

(constant time)

1Instantaneous

Curve Index no.Curve name

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4-step Phase overcurrent protection (TOC)

110-150

10-40

jX

R

Forward operation

Reverse operation

Forward operation

Reverse operation

The direction is determined by

checking the angle of U and I

Voltage is the angle reference

Lagging current is plus angle



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TOC, 51_67; Polarizing voltages

Polarizing voltages at phase to phase fault

L2-L1 UU=2L1LUref

L3-L2 UU=3L2LUrefL1-L3 UU=1L3LUref

L2-L1 II=2L1LIdir

L3-L2 II=3L2LIdirL1-L3 II=1L3LIdir

Polarizing voltages at phase to earth fault

L1U=1LUref

L2U=2LUref

L3U=3LUref

L1I=1LIdir

L2I=2LIdir

L3I=3LIdir

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OC4PTOC_51_67

TOC1-

I3P

U3P

BLOCK

BLKTR

BLKST1

BLKST2

BLKST3

BLKST4

ENMULT1

ENMULT2

ENMULT3

ENMULT4

TRIP

TR1

TR2

TR3

TR4

TRL1

TRL2

TRL3

TR1L1

TR1L2

TR1L3

TR2L1

TR2L2

TR2L3

TR3L1TR3L2

TR3L3

TR4L1

TR4L2

TR4L3

START

ST1

ST2

ST3

ST4

STL1

STL2

STL3

ST1L1

ST1L2

ST1L3

ST2L1

ST2L2

ST2L3

ST3L1

ST3L2

ST3L3

ST4L1

ST4L2

ST4L3

2NDHARM

DIRL1

DIRL2

DIRL3

VisioDocument

When activated, the current multiplier InMult

(n=1 for step1 etc) is in use for step1, Step2,

step3 and step4 for increasing the operate

level

TOC, 51_67; Function block inputs


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OC4PTOC_51_67

TOC1-

I3P

U3P

BLOCK

BLKTR

BLKST1

BLKST2

BLKST3

BLKST4

ENMULT1

ENMULT2ENMULT3

ENMULT4

TRIP

TR1

TR2

TR3

TR4

TRL1

TRL2

TRL3

TR1L1

TR1L2TR1L3

TR2L1

TR2L2

TR2L3

TR3L1

TR3L2

TR3L3

TR4L1

TR4L2

TR4L3

START

ST1

ST2

ST3

ST4

STL1

STL2

STL3

ST1L1

ST1L2

ST1L3

ST2L1

ST2L2

ST2L3

ST3L1

ST3L2

ST3L3

ST4L1

ST4L2

ST4L3

2NDHARM

DIRL1

DIRL2

DIRL3

TRIP step1, step2, step3 and step4

TRIP phase L1, L2, and L3

TRIP step1 phase L1, L2, L3TRIP step2 phase L1, L2, L3

General TRIP

TRIP step3 phase L1, L2, L3

TRIP step4 phase L1, L2,L3

General start

START step1, step2, step3 and step4

START L1, L2 and L3

START step1 phase L1, L2 and L3



START step4 phase L1,L2 and L3

Second harmonic blockDirection phase L1, L2 and L3

TOC, 51_67; Function block outputs

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TOC, 51_67; Setting calculation

Select the max(IfB)

Consider also eventual transientoverreach due to possible dccomponent of the fault current

The set value for the high setunderreaching step can bederived as:

The value 1.31 includes asecurity margin of 10% fortransient overreach and 20 %general security margin

For directional underreaching step1

IfB31.11I =>


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TOC, 51_67; Setting parameters

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IminOpPhSel = Minimum current in % of Ibase for directionality

Should be set lower than setting of the lowest step

General setting parameters

Basic settings

Advanced

settings

StartPhSel = Number of phases needed for operation (1, 2 or 3 of 3)


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Basic setting parameters for step1


K1 = Time multiplier for inverse time characteristic

t1Min = Minimum operate time for inverse time characteristicI1Mult = Current multiplication factor for step1, activates

if input ENMULT1 is high

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Advanced setting parameters for step1

ResetTypeCrv1 = Reset curve type for step1

tReset1 = Reset time delay for IEC inverse curve for step1

tPCrv1, tACrv1, tBCrv1, tCCrv1, tPRCrv1, tTRCrv1, tCRCrv1 = Parameter P, A, B,C , PR, TR and CR for customer programmable inverse time curve for step1


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IBase: Base current in primary A.

Normally set to the primary current of the

CT. Range 1-99999

UBase: Base voltage in primary kV

Normally set to the primary voltage of the

VT (PT). Range 0.05-2000

AngleRCA: Protection characteristic

angle set in degrees.

Default set to 55. Range 40-65

AngleROA: Angle to define the angle

sector of the directional function

Default set to 80. Range 40-89

PTOC, 51_67; Setting parameters

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IminOpPhSel: Minimum current for phase selection set in % ofIbase

should be less than the lowest step setting. Default setting is 7%.

StartPhSel: Number of phases, with high current, required for

operation: 1 of 3, 2 of 3 or 3 of 3. Default setting is 1 of 3.

DirMode1: Directional mode

Default set to Non-Directional

2ndHarmStab: Operate level of 2nd harmonic current restrain setin % of the fundamental current, range is 5-100% I steps of 1%.

Default setting is 20%.

HarmRestrain: Off/On, enables blocking from harmonic restrain.



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Instantaneous Earth Overcurrent function (IEF)

Set as instantaneous protection wherethe fault current is limited to definedmaximum values e.g. from a longpower line or a transformer reactance.

Low transient overreach to allowsetting close to the maximum through

fault current level High speed to give fast fault clearance

at heavy fault currents

Can give phase information and beused with Distance protection as fastoptional function also giving singlephase tripping

Current can be summated from two (ormore) current input sets.

Residual connection or separate inputscan be used.

IF

IN>>

Irsd

or

3I0


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4-step Earth fault protection (TEF, 51N_67N)

Earth fault protection of feeders in effectively earthed

distribution and sub transmission systems Back-up earth fault protection of transmission lines

Sensitive earth fault protection of transmission lines

Back-up earth fault protection of power transformers

Earth fault protection of different kinds of equipmentconnected to the power system

such as shunt capacitor banks, shunt reactors andothers

Application

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Four stage Earth overcurrent.

Each stage can be set Off, Non-directional, Forward or Reverse

Each stage can be Definite- orInverse time delayed.

Taylor made curve is available

Each stage can be blocked fromsecond harmonic inrush currents.

Directional polarizing from calculatedUL1+UL2+UL3 or by external Opendelta to a separate Analogue input.

IF

IN>

4

UL1+UL2+UL3

4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)


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4-step Earth fault protection (TEF, 51N_67N)

Directional element with communication and WEI

Reverse

operation

Forward

operation

-Upol3Io

Operation based on I*cos

Polarising -3U0 > 1.0 %

CVT filter against 3rd harm

Characteristic angleAngleRCA = -180--180(default -65

o)

Current can be summatedfrom two current sets andthe measurement can befrom separate IN input orinternally calculated:3I0 = IL1+IL2+IL3

3Io3Io(rev) = 0,6 x 3Io (forward)

AngleRCA

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TEF, 51N_67N; Polarizing alternatives

Voltages polarization (-3U0)

Current polarization (IN*ZN)

Dual polarization

Both voltage and current is

allowed to polarize


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Earth Overcurrent function (TEF) - Application

Back-up selectivity with twodirections and different time gradingin both directions

IF

IN>

4

G

G 67N/51N

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PEFM, 51N_67N; Functional overview

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DirectionElement

4 step over currentelement

One element for each

step

HarmonicRestraint

ModeSelection

earthFaultDirection

harmRestrBlock

enableDir

enableStep1-4

DirectionalMode1-4

TRIP

Element

enableDir

angleValid

Directional Check

operatingCurrent

SwitchOnToFault

start step 2, 3 and4

signal tocommunication

scheme

TRIP

3U0

3I0

Blocking at paralleltransformers

1

CBpos

or cmd

Element

3I0


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The function are connected to pre-processing block by the following

signals

I3P, input for the function Operating Quantity

U3P, input for the function Voltage Polarizing Quantity

IP3P, input for the function Current Polarizing Quantity

The function uses Residual Current (i.e. 3Io) for its operating

quantity

directly measured

Internally calculated from three phase current input within IED 670

(when the fourth analog input into the pre-processing block connected

to TEF function Analog Input I3Pis not connected to a dedicated CT

input of IED 670 in SMT tool).

TEF, 51N_67N; Analogue inputs

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4-step earth fault protection (TEF)

Step 1-3:

Directional or Non- directional

Definitive time

Second harmonic restrained

Step 4:

Directional or Non- directional

Normal inverse

Very Inverse

Extremely inverse -

Logarithmic inverse

Definitive time


t

1sec

20 ms

min

Set to match the distance protection reach


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Directional

Non-directional

Independent or dependenttime delay


Settable minimum operate

current and time delay

Logarithmic inverse

t

tmin

Imin

Independent

Normal inverse

Very inverse

Extremely inverse


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19 different IEC/ANSI Current

dependent characteristic curves

(New)

Communication logic

Blocking

Permissive overreach (POR)

Fault current reversal

Weak-end infeed echo and trip

100 1 .103

1 .104

1 .105

0.1

1

1010

0.1

t1 i

t2 i

t3 i

t4 i

t5 i

t6 i

100000100 Sti



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Inverse characteristic for time-current back-up

Required for Back-up functions TOC, TEF

Diagram or characteristic showing the operating times and correspondingactuating quantities or fault positions for the selective protection relays in the

network

Purpose

Coordinate the relay settings so that

Faulty equipment is tripped asfast as possible

The least possible damage isobtained for the healthyequipment

A Back-up protection is obtainedif the primary protectionfails to trip

Directional

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Earth fault protection (TEF) Application problem

Energizing a transformer willalways mean inrush currents.

Inrush has a high neutral contentin directly earthed systems

A parallel transformer in service

will also see the inrush. Theinrush will increase successively

2nd harmonic will be in phaseopposition and the total contentwill after a while be reduced tosmall values.

BlkParTrans set to ON and INover a set level (1-4) can be usedto maintain the blocking even ifthe harmonic contents is reduced

and gives an advantage at paralleltransformers.

Close

IN> IN>

IN>

IN>

51N 51N

51N

51N


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STUB protection (STB)

Instantaneous overcurrentprotection of busbarconnection (STUB) when aline disconnector is open

Required in Multi-breakerarrangements with CVT(VT) on line side of DS

Z< (21) function cannotmeasure when linedisconnector is open andmust be blocked.

open

I STUB >&

t

Trip

Line discon.


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Pole discordance protection (PD)

Pole discordance can occur atbreaker closing or opening whensingle pole operating devices areused.- Higher than 300 kV

- Single phase trip breakers Contact based supervision of the

poles

I2 criteria to verify can be added asadditional criteria to increase security

Can be blocked during 1-ph AR toallow shorter trip times.

Note! Only remote b-u trip if localattempt does not remove asymmetry.

Bus trip will mean a big disadvantagefor service.Trip rem end

& t

+

1Ph AR in progr

Trip

t

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Breaker failure protection (BFP)

BFP is the Local back-up for breakerfailures. The failures can be due totrip coil, breaker drive or breakingcomponents failure.

At an breaker failure the surroundingbreakers are used to clear the fault.

Due to the big impact a breaker failuretrip will have on the power systemservice, the BFR function has veryhigh requirements on security againstunnecessary tripping.

The BFR function is started at CBtripping and if current still flows within,about 150 ms the surroundingbreakers are tripped.

G

G

G

G

Back-up breakers

Failing

breaker


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Some setting parameters

BFP

I>

t1

t2

Current level Iset 0,1 2 * IbaseRetrip of actual breaker -No retrip

-With current check-Without current check

Current check mode 1 out of 3 or 2 out of 4

Retrip delay, one per phase t1 0.000 60.000 s

Back up trip delay, one timerper phase t2 0.000 60.000 sBack-up trip 2 t3 0.000 60.000 s

Trip pulse tp 150 ms (settable)


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ASD output

RMS output

Pre-filter

Post-filter0.5 *

Stab zone

Adaptive currentdetection ASD

No false operation in

case of saturated CT Maximum reset time

approx 1/2 cycle toallow short back-uptripping times.



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- 30 ms - 60 ms

Fault occurs

Normal clearing time

Current detector

dropout

MarginBreaker

interrupting time

Protection

time

Start

BFP

BFP timer t2 BFP

Trip

Breaker time

Back-up breaker

Breaker failure total clearing time


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3I>BF

3I>BF

Z

Start L1

Start L2Start L3

Start L1

Start L2Start L3

Start from all protection relays

tripping the Breaker. Also Bus and

Breaker failure protection.

Not manual opening of breaker!

CB1

CB3

Trip Busbar

Trip CB3

Intertrip 1

Trip CB1

Trip CB2

Intertrip1

Intertrip2

CB2

Note! Multiple functions



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Energizing Check (SYN)

The dead line and Live bus

conditions are checked.

Uhigh and Ulow are verified

SC/VC

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ILoad

UA UB

Ulow

Uhigh

Inductive and Capacitive

charging of dead line

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Synchronism Check (SYN)

Paralleling (synchronismconditions are checked

,f, U and Uhigh are within

set values

SC/VC

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AB

ILoad

UA UB

UAL

d

dU

Icap


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Synchrocheck function (SYN)

BLOCK

U-LineU-Bus

SYNC

Linereferencevoltage

Fuse fail

U-Bus

Energizing check

High voltage U> 50-120% of Ub

Low voltage U< 10- 80% of Ub

Operate time 80 ms (typical)

Paralleling (Synchronism) CheckFrequency difference f < 3-1000mHz

Voltage difference U < 2 - 50 % of

UbPhase difference < 5 - 90o

Operate time 80 ms (typical)

Accuracy of frequency measurement

about 0,5 mHz!

U

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Synchrocheck (SYN) Function block

Fuse fail on sel fuse

Information that the voltage

is included in the

synchrocheck

Information that the

conditions for voltage, diff

voltage phase angle diff etc

are fulfilled

Conditions for AR

Conditions for Man close

Test conditions fulfilledDS Bus 1 at DB arrangement

DS Bus 2 at DB arrangement

DS Line at 1 1/2 arrangement

DS alt Line at 1 1/2 arrangement

Bus1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Bus2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Line 1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Line 2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Block inputs

Test mode inputs


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Synchrocheck (SYN) Voltage selection

SYN1

SYN1 SYN2

1 U

1 U1 U

IED

3 U

1 U

3 U

B2QB1Q

UB1 UB2

ULN1

ULN1

UB1 UB2

LN1Q

DB Volt sel

No Volt sel

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SYN1

IED 1

SYN1

IED 2

SYN1

IED 3

1 U

1 U3 U

3 U

SYN1

IED

SYN2

3 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

B2Q

UB1UB2

ULN1

LN1Q

LN2Q

ULN2 UB2

B1Q

No Volt sel1 CB Volt sel



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SYN1

REC670

SYN2

SYN3

3 U

3 U

1 U

1 U

No Volt sel


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Auto Reclosing (AR)

Single-/ Two-/ Three-phase reclosing programs

3 phase

--------

3 phase

--------

1 phase

2 phase3 phase

1/2/3 phase6

3 phase

3 phase

----

3 phase

3 phase

----

1 phase

2 phase

3 phase

1/2/3 phase5

3 phase

----

3 phase

----

1 phase

2 phase

1/2 phase

(No 3 phase)

4

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

1 phase

2 phase

1/2 phase

(No 3 phase)

3

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

1 phase

2 phase

3 phase

1/2/3 phase2

3 phase3 phase3 phase3 phase1

3rd and 4st attempt2nd attempt1st attemptProgram


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Start Quick AR without

synchrocheck

Auto-Reclosing (AR) new in REx670

Put AR on hold e.g. waiting

for Thermal relays to resetto have less sag before

reclosing

Skip a step and continue

with next (at multiple shots)

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Content

Time Overvoltage protection function

Time Undervoltage protection function

Multipurpose general protection function

Fuse failure supervision

Instantaneous phase overcurrent Time delayed phase overcurrent

Instantaneous earth overcurrent

Time delayed earth overcurrent

Stub protection

Pole Discordance protection

Breaker failure protection

Synchrocheck function Auto Reclose function

Frequency protection


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TOF/TUF/RVF(df/dt) Frequency Protection-Functionality

Detection of over- or underfrequency

Six stages of each function

Measures Ph-Ph or Positive sequence voltage Undervoltage (Dead) blocking level

Trip signal each step fully individually:

Settable frequency and settable time delay

High accuracy, short measuring time

Df/dt with positive or negative setting

Accuracy 2 mHz for three phase

Accuracy 50 mHz for single phase

Voltage dependent tripping time!

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TOF/TUF Frequency Protection - Application

Load shedding system

System restoration system

Generation shedding

Remedial Action schemes


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Trip Circuit Supervision Application with 670 series

Trip Circuit supervision can be arranged

using Binary inputs or mA inputs.

mA inputs shall be used if supervision is

required from both sides i.e. at Lock-outtripping

+ -

Trip Circuit fail3s

05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions

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Transcript of 05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions