05 - 3 Protectors

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Introduction to Protectors

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Protector FunctionsProtector FunctionsProtector FunctionsProtector Functions

The Protector has five primary functions:

Couples the torque developed in the motor to the intake via

the protector shaft.

Prevents entry of well fluid into the motor.

Provides pressure equalization.

Houses the bearing to carry the down thrust developed by

the pump(s).

Provides a reservoir for the thermal expansion of the motors

oil

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Protector TypesProtector TypesProtector TypesProtector Types

Labyrinth - uses the difference in specific

gravity of the well fluid and the motor oil to

keep them apart even though they are in

direct contact

Positive Seal designed to physically

separate the well fluid and motor oil

Elastomer bag

Metal bellows

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Protector ComponentsProtector ComponentsProtector ComponentsProtector Components

Filter

Thrust Bearing

Bag Chamber

Shaft Seal

Bearing

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Labyrinth Type ProtectorsLabyrinth Type ProtectorsLabyrinth Type ProtectorsLabyrinth Type Protectors

Protector oil specific gravity is .85

As long as well bore SG is heavier, labyrinth path works to isolate

motor fluid from well bore

Labyrinth type protectors not recommended to be installed in a

deviated or cycling well

Ineffective in well bore deviations > 55 degrees

Excessive cycling reduces protector ability to isolate fluids

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STARTSTOPSTARTSTOPEXCESSIVESTARTING STOPPING OCCURS

EXCESSIVESTARTING STOPPING OCCURS








EXCESSIVESTARTING STOPING OCCURS






LABYRINTH TYPE PROTECTOR

HOW DOES IT WORK

MotorOnce well fluid enters motor its only a matter of time before it burns

Protector

Intake

Labyrinth Protectors Labyrinth Protectors Labyrinth Protectors Labyrinth Protectors

---- LimitationsLimitationsLimitationsLimitations

There will be cases where a labyrinth will simplynot work. In cases where the well fluid is lightergravity than the motor oil (i.e. about 0.85), themotor oil will go to the bottom of the chamber rather than the top causing the motor fluid tobe displaced by well fluid pretty quickly.

Labyrinth Protectors also will not work in horizontal or highlydeviated wells. The gravity separation design requires the unitto be mostly upright. This Protector can operate in some amountof deviation but the expansion volume is somewhat reduced.

Labyrinth Protectors Labyrinth Protectors Labyrinth Protectors Labyrinth Protectors

---- LimitationsLimitationsLimitationsLimitations

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Positive Seal Type ProtectorsPositive Seal Type ProtectorsPositive Seal Type ProtectorsPositive Seal Type Protectors

Elastomer bag creates a positive barrier to well bore

Bag expands and contracts to meet motor demand

Check value opens at 3-5 psi to release pressures inside bag.

Elastomer must be selected to match well temperature and fluid

properties

Works in vertical or deviated wells

Should never be rerun

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Protector

START

35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI35 PSI

STOPSTART

35 PSI

STOPTorn or leak

(Could be seal failure)

Positive Seal Protector

How does it work ?

Bags Contracts

due to getting less

oil inside

LSBPB(Labyrinth Series Bag Parallel Bag)

MOTOR GETS BURNED

Temperature increaseTemperature decreaseTemperature increaseTemperature decrease

The positive seal Protector offers a great deal of flexibility aThe positive seal Protector offers a great deal of flexibility aThe positive seal Protector offers a great deal of flexibility aThe positive seal Protector offers a great deal of flexibility and is useful in a nd is useful in a nd is useful in a nd is useful in a

wide variety of applications.wide variety of applications.wide variety of applications.wide variety of applications.

One area where care needs to be taken with this type of ProtectoOne area where care needs to be taken with this type of ProtectoOne area where care needs to be taken with this type of ProtectoOne area where care needs to be taken with this type of Protector is with r is with r is with r is with

harsh well chemicals as may be experienced with a treatment progharsh well chemicals as may be experienced with a treatment progharsh well chemicals as may be experienced with a treatment progharsh well chemicals as may be experienced with a treatment program.ram.ram.ram.

As with any oil field elastomer, care must be taken to ensure that the

rubber will not be damaged by anything it will encounter in the well.

Positive Seal Protectors Positive Seal Protectors Positive Seal Protectors Positive Seal Protectors

LimitationsLimitationsLimitationsLimitations

Protector Elastomer Selection

Temp. Limit (Deg F)*

Water/OilHydrogen SulfideAminesPolar ChemicalsCarbon Dioxide

Nitrile250

11342

Carboxy-Nitrile275

13342

HSN300

113

1-22

Viton350

24434

Aflas400

11132

Neoprene

Relative Chemical Resistance Properties

REDA Elastomer Application Guidelines

*Temperature Limit above indicates maximum operating temperature for thespecific REDA compound. An elastomeric component will operate at atemperature higher than the well ambient temperature depending on its location in the equipment. Contact REDA for specific application assistance.

1 = Excellent long term resistance (very low swell/maintains very high physical properties)2 = Good long term resistance (moderate swell/maintains high physical properties)3 = Fair - depends upon exposure time and temperature (good short term resistance)4 = Poor - no resistance even in short term

Another function of the Protector is to absorb the thrust generaAnother function of the Protector is to absorb the thrust generaAnother function of the Protector is to absorb the thrust generaAnother function of the Protector is to absorb the thrust generated by the ted by the ted by the ted by the

pump. It can either be pump. It can either be pump. It can either be pump. It can either be upthrustupthrustupthrustupthrust or or or or downthrustdownthrustdownthrustdownthrust, depending on the pumping , depending on the pumping , depending on the pumping , depending on the pumping

conditions. conditions. conditions. conditions.

Protector Function #2Protector Function #2Protector Function #2Protector Function #2

Downthrustbearing

Upthrustbearing

ThrustRunner

The thrust bearing works on hydrodynamic lubrication principle. The thrust bearing works on hydrodynamic lubrication principle. The thrust bearing works on hydrodynamic lubrication principle. The thrust bearing works on hydrodynamic lubrication principle. The runner The runner The runner The runner

carrying the thrust forces is riding on a hydrodynamic oil film carrying the thrust forces is riding on a hydrodynamic oil film carrying the thrust forces is riding on a hydrodynamic oil film carrying the thrust forces is riding on a hydrodynamic oil film created by the created by the created by the created by the

relative motion between the runner and the bearing.relative motion between the runner and the bearing.relative motion between the runner and the bearing.relative motion between the runner and the bearing.

There are three types of bearingThere are three types of bearingThere are three types of bearingThere are three types of bearing

Reda Reda Reda Reda offers. offers. offers. offers.

Standard bearing Standard bearing Standard bearing Standard bearing Babbitt (lead based)Babbitt (lead based)Babbitt (lead based)Babbitt (lead based)

HL Bronze bearing HL Bronze bearing HL Bronze bearing HL Bronze bearing ---- (9000 LBS (9000 LBS (9000 LBS (9000 LBS 540 series, 60 HZ)540 series, 60 HZ)540 series, 60 HZ)540 series, 60 HZ)

HL bearing HL bearing HL bearing HL bearing Polymer coated tilting pad bearing Polymer coated tilting pad bearing Polymer coated tilting pad bearing Polymer coated tilting pad bearing

(12000 LBS (12000 LBS (12000 LBS (12000 LBS 540 series, 60 HZ)540 series, 60 HZ)540 series, 60 HZ)540 series, 60 HZ)


Downthrustbearing

Upthrustbearing

ThrustRunner

Reaction Force

One other function which the Protector carries out is One other function which the Protector carries out is One other function which the Protector carries out is One other function which the Protector carries out is transmission of the motor transmission of the motor transmission of the motor transmission of the motor transmission of the motor transmission of the motor transmission of the motor transmission of the motor

torque to the pumptorque to the pumptorque to the pumptorque to the pumptorque to the pumptorque to the pumptorque to the pumptorque to the pump since it is physically located between the two.since it is physically located between the two.since it is physically located between the two.since it is physically located between the two.

Although this may seem a little trivial, inAlthough this may seem a little trivial, inAlthough this may seem a little trivial, inAlthough this may seem a little trivial, in

the the the the selection processselection processselection processselection processselection processselection processselection processselection process we need to be we need to be we need to be we need to be

certain that the Protector shaft is certain that the Protector shaft is certain that the Protector shaft is certain that the Protector shaft is

capable of capable of capable of capable of delivering the full torquedelivering the full torquedelivering the full torquedelivering the full torquedelivering the full torquedelivering the full torquedelivering the full torquedelivering the full torque

required without exceeding its yield required without exceeding its yield required without exceeding its yield required without exceeding its yield

strength which could result in a strength which could result in a strength which could result in a strength which could result in a

broken shaft.broken shaft.broken shaft.broken shaft.broken shaft.broken shaft.broken shaft.broken shaft.


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Modular protectors are a combination of

several protector types

L type (LLLLabyrinth)

B type (Elastomer BBBBag)

M type (MMMMetal Bellows)

Which are combined in

S (series) adds redundancy

P (parallel) adds capacity

HL designates high load thrust bearing

Example: LSMPM has a labyrinth chamber in

series with two bellows in parallel

Modular Protectors Modular Protectors Modular Protectors Modular Protectors Naming ConventionNaming ConventionNaming ConventionNaming Convention

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Modular ProtectorsModular ProtectorsModular ProtectorsModular Protectors

LSBPB BPBSLLSLSL

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The Modular Protectors are available in:The Modular Protectors are available in:The Modular Protectors are available in:The Modular Protectors are available in:

400 Series (4.00 "), 400 Series (4.00 "), 400 Series (4.00 "), 400 Series (4.00 "),

540 Series (5.13 ") and 540 Series (5.13 ") and 540 Series (5.13 ") and 540 Series (5.13 ") and

562 Series (5.62 "). 562 Series (5.62 "). 562 Series (5.62 "). 562 Series (5.62 ").

Both the 540 and 562 series have the same top and Both the 540 and 562 series have the same top and Both the 540 and 562 series have the same top and Both the 540 and 562 series have the same top and

bottom flange and can either be run on a 540 or 562 bottom flange and can either be run on a 540 or 562 bottom flange and can either be run on a 540 or 562 bottom flange and can either be run on a 540 or 562

motor without adapters.motor without adapters.motor without adapters.motor without adapters.

The 400 Series is designed to be run on the 456 Series The 400 Series is designed to be run on the 456 Series The 400 Series is designed to be run on the 456 Series The 400 Series is designed to be run on the 456 Series

motor without an adapter.motor without an adapter.motor without an adapter.motor without an adapter.

The Modular ProtectorThe Modular ProtectorThe Modular ProtectorThe Modular Protector

400 540 562 400 540 562 400 540 562 400 540 562

Modular Protector Application - Chamber Configuration

Assumes use of standard materials for configurations listed. Use normalguidelines for application of high load bearings and ferritic housings.

(A) Applicability improves with correct elastomers for higher temp. service, usually Aflas for seal elastomers, o-rings, & bags.(B) Those that deteriorate specific elastomers used.

Application Type L LSL LSLSL B LSB

Fluids (B)

LSBPB BSL BSBSL BPBSLBHT < 250 F250 F < BHT < 300 F

(A)G < 0.82Intermittent OperationDeviated WellMiscible Well FluidHP < 50HP < 150HP > 150Aggressive Well

4 4 4 4 4 4

4 4 44 44 4 44 4 4

44 4 4 44 4 4 4

1 = Excellent 2 = Good 3 = Fair 4 = PoorKey:

2 2 22

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2

2 2 22 22 22 2

1 1 1 1 1 1

11 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1

3 333333

LSBSB

3

2

2

223

21133

REDA Protector Bottomhole Temperature Limits

200 F 225 F 250 F 275 F 300 F

400/456540/562

400/456540/562

ModularStandard

ModularAFLAS

Protector Load Ratings vs. Temperature for REDA 2 Oil

400 Series Protector

Hi Ex Bearing

Bronze Bearing

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

L

o

a

d

(

L

B

f

)

60 Hz and Above 50 Hz

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Bottom Hole Temp (F)

Protector Load Ratings vs. Temperature for REDA 2 Oil



0 50 100 150 200 250 300


5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

L

o

a

d

(

L

B

f

)

Hi Ex Bearing

Bronze Bearing

Protector Load Rating vs. Temperature for REDA 2 Oil



0 50 100 150 200 250 300


Hi Ex Bearing

20,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

L

o

a

d

(

L

B

f

)

Protector Power Consumption for REDA 2 Oil

Est. Power Consumed at 200 F BHT

Thrust Load in Pounds

0 4000 6000 8000 14000

4

3

2

1

0

H

o

r

s

e

p

o

w

e

r

400 Series

540 Series

562 Series

2000 10000 12000

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Advanced ProtectorAdvanced ProtectorAdvanced ProtectorAdvanced Protector

Addresses protector performance in

severe well conditions and is available in

three different configurations

High Temp > 350 degF BHT

High H2S and chemical resistant

Abrasive resistant

Protects protector head (shaft seals and

bearings) against abrasion and solids

Improves protector shaft stability even in

benign environments

Both HT and H2S configurations are

using metal bellows to replace the

rubber bags

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Use of ceramic bearing to reduce vibration.

Use dual bearing in protector head for better

radial stability

New abrasive resistant head design including:

Sand shroud to protect mechanical seal.

Dual ceramic bearing

Elevated mechanical shaft seal

Drain holes to prevent sand / solids from

accumulating in the protector head

High pressure check valve.

Pre-shimmed protector shaft

Advanced Protector FeaturesAdvanced Protector FeaturesAdvanced Protector FeaturesAdvanced Protector Features

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Vulcan System FeaturesVulcan System FeaturesVulcan System FeaturesVulcan System Features

Offered only as a complete system

Rated to 425 degF Bottom hole temperature

and 475 degF internal oil temperature

System tested up to 500 DegF BHT under full

motor loading

Using metal bellows for motor oil

compensation

Using metal bellows shaft seals

Using Khemraz HighTemp. O-rings

Motor and protector using special oil having

high viscosity at high temperature

Protector components (shaft, housing,

thrust bearing, .) materials selected to

minimize stresses caused by different

thermal expansion coefficients

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Metal BellowsMetal BellowsMetal BellowsMetal Bellows

Replace HSN/AFLAS bags with Inconel 625 LCF

bellows

to provide positive barrier to H2S and gas

to provide better performance in high

temperature

Welded Inconel bellows rated to 100,000 full cycles

Bellow capacity = .5 Gallons

Special spread sheet developed for bellow sizing

Can be reused during protector repairCurrent Design New Design

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Metal Bellows Shaft SealsMetal Bellows Shaft SealsMetal Bellows Shaft SealsMetal Bellows Shaft Seals

Replace HSN/AFLAS bellows with

Inconel 625 bellows to provide positive

barrier to H2S.

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Sour and Chemical Resistant ProtectorSour and Chemical Resistant ProtectorSour and Chemical Resistant ProtectorSour and Chemical Resistant Protector

Rated to 30 % (Maximum) H2S

Reduce dependence on elastomers by using

metal bellows for motor oil compensation.

The metal bellow is an effective H2S barrier

Using metal bellows shaft seals

Protector components (shaft, housing, thrust

bearing, .) materials selected to minimize

chemical attack

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Technical Feature SummaryTechnical Feature SummaryTechnical Feature SummaryTechnical Feature Summary

XUse of Use of Use of Use of Chemraz Chemraz Chemraz Chemraz OOOO----ringsringsringsrings

XUse special High Temperature OilUse special High Temperature OilUse special High Temperature OilUse special High Temperature Oil

XXXFactory shimmed shaft to eliminate field shimmingFactory shimmed shaft to eliminate field shimmingFactory shimmed shaft to eliminate field shimmingFactory shimmed shaft to eliminate field shimming

XXXUse of high pressure relief valve to ensure valve closureUse of high pressure relief valve to ensure valve closureUse of high pressure relief valve to ensure valve closureUse of high pressure relief valve to ensure valve closure

XXXSolid shield over head bearings for abrasion resistanceSolid shield over head bearings for abrasion resistanceSolid shield over head bearings for abrasion resistanceSolid shield over head bearings for abrasion resistance

XXXCeramic journal bearing for abrasion resistanceCeramic journal bearing for abrasion resistanceCeramic journal bearing for abrasion resistanceCeramic journal bearing for abrasion resistance

XXXDual head bearings for shaft seal supportDual head bearings for shaft seal supportDual head bearings for shaft seal supportDual head bearings for shaft seal support

XXUse of high load thrust bearings with no copper partsUse of high load thrust bearings with no copper partsUse of high load thrust bearings with no copper partsUse of high load thrust bearings with no copper parts

XXUse of metal bellows shaft sealUse of metal bellows shaft sealUse of metal bellows shaft sealUse of metal bellows shaft seal

XXReplacement of elastomer bag with metal bellowsReplacement of elastomer bag with metal bellowsReplacement of elastomer bag with metal bellowsReplacement of elastomer bag with metal bellows

AbrasionAbrasionAbrasionAbrasionChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalHigh TempHigh TempHigh TempHigh TempFeatureFeatureFeatureFeature

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Key Technical IssuesKey Technical IssuesKey Technical IssuesKey Technical Issues

Ceramic shaft bearing reduce abrasive

wear

Shaft bushing subject to wearAbrasion

New head design prevents solid

accumulation and protects seals

solids accumulation in protector head will

damage shaft seal

Solids

Dual bearing ceramic support for the shaft

reduces vibration

Shaft seals will leak if shaft is not properly

supported

Vibration

Inconel metal bellow will handle most

chemicals

Elastomer bag will be affected by some

chemical attacks

Chemical

Metal bellow is an effective H2S and gas

barrier

Rubber bag is not an effective H2S or gas

barrier

H2S

Metal bellow is not affected by

temperature.

High temperature is causing

elastomer material to become brittle.

High Temp

Advanced ProtectorAdvanced ProtectorAdvanced ProtectorAdvanced ProtectorCurrent ProtectorsCurrent ProtectorsCurrent ProtectorsCurrent Protectors

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SpecificationsSpecificationsSpecificationsSpecifications

Compatible with current product lineConstruction

-40 to 120 F Surface Temperature

50F to 425F with up to 0% H2S



Well bore Temperature




Operating Temperature

0 - 30 %H2S Content

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Advanced Protector ApplicationsAdvanced Protector ApplicationsAdvanced Protector ApplicationsAdvanced Protector Applications

High Temperature Applications High Temperature Applications High Temperature Applications High Temperature Applications (up to 425 Deg F BHT) Part of the Vulcan system Steam injection (Steam Assisted Gravity Drain SAGD)

Geothermal applications

H2S wells and wells where protector is exposed to aggressive cheH2S wells and wells where protector is exposed to aggressive cheH2S wells and wells where protector is exposed to aggressive cheH2S wells and wells where protector is exposed to aggressive chemicalsmicalsmicalsmicals High H2S wells

Wells requiring some special types of chemical treatments

Wells having protector failures due to gas presence

Abrasive ApplicationsAbrasive ApplicationsAbrasive ApplicationsAbrasive Applications Sand and solid production

Well where run life will be improved by better stabilizing the protector shaft

Benign ConditionsBenign ConditionsBenign ConditionsBenign Conditions Extend run life by reducing vibration and better protecting motor against well fluid

05 - 3 Protectors

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