040219 Axiom ME MIDNIMO DRAFT FINAL REPORT IOM with ... · CFT Core Facilitation Team ... PBF Peace...

1

FINALREPORT

FOR

MIDTERMEVALUATIONOF

MIDNIMOPROJECTTOMAXIMIZEPEACEBUILDINGIMPACTINJUBBALAND,SOUTH

WESTANDHIRSHABELLESTATES,SOMALIA

PreparedBy:AxiomMonitoringandEvaluationLimitedDate:7thFebruary2019Commissionedby:InternationalOrganizationforMigration(IOM)

AxiomMonitoringandEvaluationLtdPoBox.006062169Nairobi.KenyaDavidGuillemoisEmail:[email protected]

InternationalOrganizationforMigrationPoBox.006061810Nairobi,KenyaEmail:[email protected]

2

TableofContents 1. PROJECTBACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 6 2. SCOPEANDOBJECTIVESOFTHEEVALUATION ............................................................................... 7 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1 DESKREVIEW........................................................................................................................................................................8 3.2 QUALITATIVETECHNIQUES.................................................................................................................................................8 3.3 EVALUATIONLIMITATIONS................................................................................................................................................9

4. GENERALFINDINGS ......................................................................................................................... 10 4.1 MAPPINGTHEHISTORICALCONTEXT,CHANGESWITHINTHEMIDNIMOPROJECTANDCATALYTICEFFECTS...10 4.2 GENDERANDSOCIALINCLUSION....................................................................................................................................12 4.3 RELEVANCE........................................................................................................................................................................15

5. SPECIFICFINDINGSPERREGION .................................................................................................... 17 5.1 JUBBALANDSTATE............................................................................................................................................................17 5.1.1 Kismayo ........................................................................................................................................ 17 5.1.2 Dollow .......................................................................................................................................... 22

5.2 SOUTHWESTSTATE.........................................................................................................................................................26 5.2.1 Baidoa .......................................................................................................................................... 26 5.2.2 Hudur ........................................................................................................................................... 30

6. SUSTAINABILITY .............................................................................................................................. 32 7. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 33 7.1 GENERALRECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................................................33 7.1.1 Strategiclevelrecommendations ................................................................................................ 33 7.1.2 Projectbasedrecommendations ................................................................................................. 33

7.2 DISTRICTSPECIFICRECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................................................................34 7.2.1 Kismayo ........................................................................................................................................ 34 7.2.2 Dollow .......................................................................................................................................... 35 7.2.3 Baidoa .......................................................................................................................................... 35 7.2.4 Hudur ........................................................................................................................................... 35

3

ACRONYM AWD AcuteWateryDiarrhea CAG CommunityActionGroup CAP CommunityActionPlanCBM&E CommunityBasedMonitoringandEvaluationCommitteeCBP Community-BasedPlanningCFT CoreFacilitationTeamCDRC CommunityDisputeResolutionCommitteeDDP DistrictDevelopmentPlanFGD FocusGroupDiscussionFMS FederalMemberStateFO FieldObservationHLP HousingLandandPropertyIDP InternallyDisplacedPersonsIOM InternationalOrganizationforMigrationJPLG JointProgrammeonLocalGovernanceandServiceDeliveryJRIA JubbalandRefugeeandIDP.AgencyKII KeyInformantInterviewMCH MaternalandChildHealthMoI MinistryofInteriorNDP NationalDevelopmentPlanPEM PublicExpenditureManagementPBF PeaceBuildingFundSWS SouthWestStateUNHabitat UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgrammeUNHCR OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesUNTFHS UnitedNationsTrustFundforHumanSecurity YES YouthEmploymentinSomaliaProgrammeWASHWater,SanitationandHygiene

4

EXECUTIVESUMMARYSince 1st December 2016, IOM andUNHabitat have been jointly implementing theMidnimo (meaning“unity”)projecttotacklethenegative impactsandconsequencesofdisplacementonpeacebuildingandhumansecurity.TheprojectisGovernment-ledandcommunity-driventoensureabottomupapproachtodrive transition and recoveryprocesses in displacement affected communities. TheMidnimo project isfundedbytheUNPeacebuildingFund(UNPBF)andtheUNTrustFundforHumanSecurity(UNTFHS),andis intended to promote stability in fragile and displacement affected areas of Somalia, as well as theattainmentofdurablesolutionstointernaldisplacement.Theaimofthemidtermevaluationwastomeasureprogressagainstsetresults,focusingonthecriteriaofrelevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability, and to provide evidence-basedrecommendationstoinformthefuturephaseoftheMidnimoproject.Allofthefollowingstakeholderswereinvolvedintheevaluation:IOMandUNHabitatprojectstaff,community-basedgroups/teams/committees(createdaspartoftheproject),localauthorities,federalmemberstatesministriesofinterior,projectstafffromPBF,RCOoffice,UNagenciesworkingonrelatedprogrammes,andIDP/returneesinthecommunities.Therearesomenotableimpactstheprojecthasmade,butthemostimportantresult,whichwillbeexploredinmoredetailsinthekeyfindingssection,isthesuccessfulpromotionofgovernment-ledandgovernmentowned projects that ultimately helped in building trust and confidence in government structures andgovernment’sabilitytosupportdurablesolutions.EveninlocationslikeHudur,wherenoinfrastructurerehabilitation activity has yet been implemented due to delays after the town planning exercise, theintensive CBP processes and creation of community groups and committees have been praised by allstakeholders,includinglocalauthorities,federalmemberstateministries,IDP/returneecommunities,aswellasagenciesworkingonsimilarprojectsthataremakinguseoftheMidnimoapproachandCommunityActionPlans (CAP). The fact that IDPs and returnees can sit togetherwith othermembers of the hostcommunitytoprioritizeactivitiesisoneoftheinnovativeaspectsoftheprojectwhichhasworkedwellintermsofpromotinginclusivedialogueandaligningprojectstotherealneedsontheground.Intermsofgenderandinclusivity,deskreviewofprojectreportsfoundthatwomenmake39%oftheparticipantsintheCBPprocesses.Inalllocationsinclusivityincommunity-basedgroupsandcommitteesis,however,notclosetothe40%womeninclusiontargetsetbytheMidnimoprojectforCAGandCBM&Ewithpercentagesindicating18%and12%respectively.Womenonlymakeup13%of those involved in theCommunityDisputeResolutionCommittees(CDRC).TheMidnimoprojecthascreatedmuchneededshort-termemploymentopportunitiesanddiscussionswithmembersofthecommunityhighlightedtheimportanceofincomegenerationforthosewhoneeditmost,especially IDP and returnee youth. While creating short-term employment opportunities, communityprojectsrehabilitatedorconstructedkeysocialandeconomicinfrastructurethatbenefitedeveryone.InKismayo,schoolconstructionandrehabilitationprojectshavecreatedopportunitiesforchildrenfrombothhostanddisplacedcommunitiestoreceivefreeeducationandlearntogether.Theprojectsconstructedalivestockmarket and amarket shed in an IDP settlement inKismayo, providing a base for vulnerablecommunitiestodobusiness,thuspromotingincomegenerationandbusinesscreation.Theconstructionofasolarpoweredshallowwell,intheIOMsheltersiteinMadinavillage,isaccessibletoIDPsandreturnees,andoncecomplete,isexpectedtoimproveaccesstowaterforhouseholdconsumption,livestockwatering,foodsecurityandlivelihoodsdiversificationthroughinitiationofall-year-roundhorticulturalenterprises.InDollow,theMidnimoprojectisupgradingDollowAirportfacilities,withawaitinghallandlatrinesandmembers of the community and local government are happy with the short-term employmentopportunities generated and the future economicbenefits that theproject is expected to bring for thedistrict.Afootballtournamentwasorganizedtoengageyoungpeople,andthiswashelpfulinpromotingsocialcohesioninDollow.InBaidoa,therehabilitationofthelivestockroadhasimprovedaccessibilitytobasicservices;forexample,anMCHalongtheroadrehabilitatedreportedanincreaseinpatients’numbers.Also,theaccessibilitytothelivestockmarkethasimproved.Manynewsettlementscouldbeseenalongsidetheroad,andwomenalsostartedcreatingsmallbusinessesinthevicinityoftheroad.Incomefromthecash forwork activities resulted in someof the beneficiaries reconstructing their shelters inKismayo.Lastly,inHudur,theprojectisattheinitialstagesintermsofinfrastructureprojectsasnoprojectshaveyetbeenimplemented;nevertheless,thecommunityhasidentifiedtheparticipatoryprocesssofartobebeneficial to the community in bringing about cohesion and integration; improving the relationshipbetweenthecommunityandlocalauthority;andrespondingtotheneedofthecommunity.TheCAPhas

5

beendraftedandpresentedtorelevantministriesinSouthWestState(SWS),andthismethodologyhasbeenincorporatedintothedraftingoftheLandLawforSWS,anotherimportantachievementoftheproject.Perception surveys found overwhelmingly positive opinions on project’s impact in terms of improvedunderstanding of joint planning and improvedperception of physical safety.Overall, 85%and90%ofrespondentsfromFGDsacrossalllocationsansweredyeswhenaskediftheyhaveabetterunderstandingofjointplanning/CBPandifdifferentgroupsunderstandhowtoworktogethertowardssimilargoals.Onquestionsrelatedtosecurity,97%ofrespondentsbelievetheprojectbroughtimprovementstosecurityintheircommunityandtotheirownphysicalsafety.ResponsesonallquestionsarepositiveinDollowandKismayo, but Baidoa had the highest percentage of negative responses on questions related tounderstandingCBPandcommonvision.ThesurveysalsofounditiswomeninBaidoawho,whenaskedthesequestions,answerednegatively.ThetrainingsprovidedtoCoreFacilitationTeams(CFTs),CommunityActionGroups(CAGs),CommunityBased Monitoring and Evaluation Committees (CBM&E), Community Dispute Resolution Committees(CDRC),andlocalauthoritieswereusefulforbeneficiariestobetterunderstandandgainskillsondifferenttopicssuchaslanddisputeresolution(landlaw,cityplanning,housing,landandproperty(HLP)andlanddisputemanagement,peacebuilding),communityconsultation,informationmanagementandcommunity-basedplanning,aswellasconflictmanagement,disastercyclemanagement,protectionandchannelsofcommunication. Interviewswithmembers of these groups and local authorities confirm that capacitybuilding strengthened their technical capacities. However, these groups cannot operate withoutdonor/governmentsupportsince theyworkonavolunteerbasis,donothaveoffices,andarenotpaidallowancesfortransportationnorsalaries.Intermsofstrategiesandlegislativeprocesses,theprojecthasmadeconsiderableprogressinBaidoaandKismayo.InBaidoa,theprojectsupportedthedraftingofthelandlawinconjunctionwiththegovernmenttoregulatelandadministration,regionalandtownplanningaswellaslandconflictresolution;thelawisyettobeapprovedthroughparliament,butstakeholdersarehopefulthatitwillbeapproved.InKismayo,the trainings for government officials positively shaped the establishment of the land commission todirectlyaddressissuesofconflictanddisplacement,showingthestrongcommitmentbythegovernmentinsupportingdurablesolutionsfordisplacedcommunities.Recommendations to improve future phases ofMidnimo are geared towards ensuring technical andfinancial sustainability of community structures created, which is necessary to maintain the positiveoutcomes achieved to date, and sustain the community infrastructure prioritized through the CBPprocesses.Thiswouldalsorequireastrongerfocusuponareabasedplanningfortheaffectedcommunitiestoconcentratethe improvementofcommunity infrastructure linkedto long-termdevelopmenthorizonandshort-termbenefitsforlivelihoodactivities.Inaddition,thiswouldrequiregreaterfinancialsupportthroughsalaries,allowances,officespace,butalsomoreformalToRsforcommunitygroups,toformalizetheirrole.Recommendationsalsoemphasizetheimportanceofcreatingemploymentandpromotingself-employmentandaccesstofinanceascomplementaryinterventionsthatcanaddontotheshort-termnatureofcashforwork.Forcommunities,theneedsaremany,andindifferentdistricts,theevaluationhighlightsthe expectation and priorities that communitieswould prefer to see implemented.However, technicalscreeningofpriorityprojectsandclosecoordinationwith localandstateauthoritiesremainscrucial tofosterimplementationschedulesanddeliveryrate.Generally,theserecommendationsareresponsibilitiesoftheGovernment,andstepshavebeentakenbyIOMandUNHabitattorequestwrittencommitmentfromthe line ministry in maintaining and operating community structures and taking forward theimplementationofCAPpriorities.

6

1. PROJECTBACKGROUND Having undergone years of protractedconflict and violence, Somalia has madepositivestepstowardspeaceandstability,culminating in the 2012 TransitionalFederal Government, the first internallyrecognized government since thebeginning of the civilwar. Togetherwiththe federalism and decentralizationprocesses in Somalia, the country ismakingconsiderableeffortstowardsstate-buildingandinclusivegovernance. Thewavesofconflictandviolence,coupledwith competition over natural resources,recurrent natural disasters, and clanclashes are resulting in waves ofdisplacementthatcontributetoinstabilityandtensionsamongstcommunities.Infact,drought,insecurityandconflictremainkeydriversofdisplacementinthecountry,andinevitably, the years of conflict andinstability challenge the resilience ofvulnerable communities like IDPs andreturnees and their coping mechanisms.DisplacementTrackingMatrix(DTM)dataondisplacementinSomaliaestimatesthatthereareover2.6millionIDPsinSomalia,whocontinuetobeamongstthemostvulnerablecommunitiesrequiringurgentassistanceinmanyareassuchasnutrition,protection,accesstowater,sanitationandshelter1.JubbalandandSouthWestStatearetwooftheregionswiththelargestnumbersofIDPsandreturnees.TheeffectsofarmedconflictagainstAl-Shabaab,interclanclashes,andeffectsofdrought,famineandfloodshave created a very large displacement crisis in the state. There are an estimated 148,000 IDPs inJubbaland,ofwhich42,000liveinKismayoandthenumberofSomalirefugeeswhofledJubbalandafterthewar broke out is approximately 500,000,most ofwhom are now resident in camps in Kenya andEthiopiaandmakeupthemajorityofreturnstoJubbaland2.AsofApril2017,85%ofdisplacementswerefromtheBayregion,andasofendof January2018,over270,000IDPshadarrivedinBaidoasinceNovember2016,surpassingthehostcommunitypopulationinBaidoa town estimated at 200,000people. The number of IDP settlements also increased from261 inNovember2017to305inJanuary20183.Thesepatternsofdisplacementcreatedifferentdynamicswithhostcommunity,withincreasedcompetitionoverresourcesbeingacontributingfactorfortensionsanddistrustbetweendisplacedandhostcommunities.Responding to thedisplacement of persons either by climate change and the subsequent drought thatfollowedorduetoarmedconflictswithinSomaliaandtheintendedclosureoftheDadaabrefugeecampinKenyaandeventualreturnofrefugees,Midnimowasconceptualized.MidnimomeansunityinSomalianditbeganon1stDecember2016,originallyexpectedtoendon30thNovember2018,butnowexpectedtobeoperational until 31st of August 2019, thanks to a cost extension for the project which also saw theexpansion of the project into Balcad district of Hirshabelle State. As a project it contributes to theattainmentofdurablesolutionsinareasimpactedbydisplacementandreturnsinlinewiththeSomaliaNationalDevelopmentPlan(NDP).JointlyimplementedbyIOMandUN-HABITAT,theprogramreceivedan initial fundingof $2.7million from thePeaceBuildingFund (PBF) tobe implemented in Jubbaland

1UNHCR:https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/64858_0.pdf2UNDraftAreaBasedDurableSolutionsActionPlan,2018:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59394adc893fc080a39af409/t/5a2146c6ec212d686cb2165b/1512130258481/Joint+Area+Based+Durable+Solutions+Action+Plan_Kismayo.pdf3OCHAState-by-StateDroughtAnalysis,2018:https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/20180228_state-by-_state_drought_analysis.pdf

7

(districtsofKismayo,Garbaharey,AfmadowandDollow)andSouthWestState(districtsofBaidoaandHudur).Anadditional$2millionwasrequestedfromUNHTFHStoimplementtheproject inJubbaland(KismayoandAfmadowdistricts).

2. SCOPEANDOBJECTIVESOFTHEEVALUATIONThe Midnimo project is designed to provide a bridging support package, between humanitarianinterventionsandmediumandlonger-termdevelopmentinterventions,togroupsaffectedbydisplacementandpromotepeacefulreintegrationofreturneeandothermigrantgroupswithintheirhostcommunities.In doing so, the Midnimo project intends to build local leadership capacities by empowering localauthorities, IDPs, returnees, and existing communities to engage in a participatory and inclusiveconsultationprocesstomutuallydefinethesolutionstotheirneeds.TheMidnimoprojectthuscontributestobothPeacebuildingPriorityPlanoutcomesand focuseson the firstandsecondstepsof theWadajirFramework (SocialHealingandGovernance inPracticeandPeaceDividendProjects). In summary, theproject:

• PromotesdurablesolutionsforreturneesandIDPs,• Increasestheirsocialcohesionwithhostcommunity,and• ImprovesgovernanceattheFederalMemberStateanddistrictlevelsinurbanandperi-urban

settingsinSomalia.Thecoreactivitiesoftheprojectsare:

• InclusiveCommunityPlanning• Development,ImplementationandReferralofCommunityActionPlans• CulturalArtsandSportsEvents• LandLegalFrameworksthroughParticipatoryLandandUrbanPlanning• LandDisputeResolution

TheprojectiscurrentlybeingimplementedinJubbalandState(Kismayo,Dollow,Garbaharey,Afmadow);SouthWestState(Baidoa,Hudur)andHirshabelleState(Balcad),withfutureexpansionintoHirshabelleandGalmudugstatesunderthesecondphaseoftheproject(MidnimoII).MidnimoIIisnotonlyanextensionofMidnimoI,buthasadditionalspecificcomponents,specificallyrespondingtotherequestoftheFGSandPresidentofHirshabelleStatetobuildontheoutcomesofthereconciliationconferenceorganizedbytheGovernment in January 2018.Midnimo II is also aiming at expanding the time horizon to implementactivities in Balcad and ensure improved alignment between activities funded byUNTFHS and PBF inJubbaland.TheevaluationonlyfocusesonthepilotdistrictsofKismayo,Dollow(Jubbalandstate),BaidoaandHudur(SouthWestState)fromtheprojectstart(December2016)toSeptember2018.Theaimoftheevaluationistohighlightthelessonslearnedandbestpracticebasedontheprogressoftheproject.Whilelarge-scale impacts cannot be expected at this stage, the evaluation pays particular attention to theperceptionsofthekeystakeholderslikethegovernment,communitiesandvariousgroupsimplementingandmonitoringtheCAPs,aswellasperceptionofvulnerableyouth,displacedcommunitiesandconcreteimpactsofcommunityimplementedprojectsontheground.The evaluation looked at the effectiveness, efficiency, outcomes and prospects for sustainability ofactivities.Duetothelinkagesoftheprojectwithvariousinitiativesrelatedtogovernance,employment,peacebuilding,stabilizationandruleoflaw,theevaluationalsocollectedinformationfromstakeholdersbeyond IOM and UN Habitat to better understand synergies between programmes and the level ofcollaborationandcomplementaritieswithotherprojects,includingthosefundedbythePBF,toassessthecatalyticeffectofMidnimo.Thefollowingaretheobjectivesofthemidtermevaluation:

1. Toevaluateimplementationoftheprojectagainstsetresults,usingexistingdataandevidence.2. Toevaluatetherelevance,effectiveness,efficiency,contributiontowardsimpactandsustainability

oftheproject.

8

3. To provide recommendations to enhance project relevance, effectiveness, efficiency,networks/linkages and collaboration, sustainability and achievement of results as well asrecommendationsthatwillimprovemonitoringofprogressbenchmarksandresults

Basedon the initialdebriefingdiscussionwith IOMandUNHabitatMidnimo staff, theevaluation teamidentified specific considerations and areas of focuswhich includemapping the historical context andchangeswithintheMidnimoprogrammefrom2016-2018,thecatalyticeffectsofMidnimoinrelationtothebroaderpeacebuildingframeworkinSomalia,theperceptionsofcommunitiesandGovernmentontheirlevelofinvolvementandinclusionintheproject.

3. METHODOLOGY ThemidtermevaluationoftheMidnimoprojectemployedqualitativedatacollectiontechniquesincludingadeskreviewofprimaryandsecondarydatafromdirectlyavailabledocumentsandonlinesources,keyinformant interviews, focus group discussions, field observations and perception surveys. Field datacollectionwasconductedinKismayo,Dollow,HudurandBaidoa,aswellasMogadishuinordertointerviewkeyinformantsfromIOMandUNHabitatProjectstaff,andkeypersonsfromUNagenciesinvolvedinpeace-building,employmentandgovernanceprogramming.DatacollectiontookplacebetweenOctoberandNovember2018inKismayo,Dollow,Hudur,BaidoaandMogadishu.AttherequestofIOMstaff,ashortperceptionsurveywasdeliveredtoparticipantsofthefocusgroupdiscussionsinalltargetlocationstolookspecificallyatindicatorsrelatedtoperceptionsonthejointplanningandimprovementsinphysicalsafetyandsecurity.TheperceptionsurveysweredeliveredusingAxiomMEcallcenterandtookplacebetween28thand29thofJanuary2019.Thetimingoftheperceptionsurveysisimportanttonote,asvariousfactorscouldhaveinfluencedanswersinBaidoaduetotheeventssurrounding the SWSPresidential Electionwhich tookplaceon19thDecember2018and the resultingdeteriorationofthesecuritysituation.3.1 DeskreviewThedeskreviewphaseoftheevaluationgatheredalldocumentationreceivedfromIOMandUNHabitat,withfocusontheprojectdocuments,finalreports,semi-annualreports,andtheCAPs.Thedeskreviewfindingsareusedinthisreporttocomplementthefindingsobtainedthroughfielddatacollectionandasameanstotriangulatedatatoensurethevalidityoffindings.ThedeskreviewinformationisprovidedinthisreporttomapthehistoricalcontextandchangeswithintheMidnimoprojectfrom2016-2018,analyzingthegenderand social inclusionaspectofCBPprocessesand lastly, the catalytic effectsof theMidnimoproject.3.2 QualitativetechniquesKeyInformantInterviews(KIIs)wereconductedfacetofacewithkeyindividualsinvolvedintheproject.For this reason, purposive sampling was utilized to ensure that the selection of key informants wasappropriate to collect the most relevant information required to achieve the goals of the midtermevaluation.DuetothelargenumberofstakeholdersintheMidnimoproject,KIIsweretailoredtodifferentgroupsasfollows:1. Government: localgovernmentrepresentative(municipalities/District-DCorMayor)andstatelevel

governmentrepresentative(SWSandJubbalandstateMinistryofInterior).2. Projectstaff:stafffromIOMandUNHabitatinthetargetlocations,includingMogadishu.3. Membersofcommunitybodies:CAGs,CBM&E,CDRC.4. Otheragencies:projectstaffinvolvedintheJointProgrammeLocalGovernanceandServiceDelivery

(JPLG),YouthEmploymentinSomalia(YES)Project,DSRSG/RCO/HC,UNHCR,PBFCoordinator.Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) collected in-depth information from members of the communitydirectly and indirectly benefiting from the Midnimo project. A core aspect of the project is theimplementation of Community Action Plans (CAPs) through inclusive planning processes, henceunderstandinghowthesecommunityprojectsareprioritizedandhowtheybenefitlocalcommunitieswasexploredwithmembersofdisplacedcommunitiesandmembersofvulnerablehostcommunities.ThreeFGDswereorganizedineachdistrictwithwomen,youthandmenfromIDPs,returneesandvulnerablehost

9

communities.Purposivesamplingwasusedtoselectindividualsofsimilardemographicgroupstoformasamplegroup,consistingof6-8people.Discussionswereconductedinaculturallyappropriatemanner,with separate focus group discussion for men, women, and youth. This approach made participantscomfortable,andmorewillingtoexpresstheiropinions.Field observations (FOs) targeted a sample of rehabilitated or constructed infrastructurewhichwasimportant to validate the implementationof these activities andprovide feedback to the IOMandUN-Habitatteamsonthestatusandimpactoftheseprojectsonthecommunity.Highqualityphotosweretakenaspartofeachfieldvisitwhichareprovidedtoasinteractivemapintheannexofthereport.Thefieldobservations look at accessibility, functionality, progress, maintenance, and sustainability of theinfrastructureinquestion(eitherworksthatwerecompletedorthoseinprogress).Casestudieswere collected frombeneficiaries (bothdirect and indirect)of theMidnimo project inalltargetdistricts.Selectionofthebeneficiarieswasrefinedtocollecthumanintereststoriesfromthoselivingin the vicinity of implemented community-based projects. As much as possible, the team obtainedinformation from vulnerable women to understand gender-based challenges and opportunities forvulnerable women resulting from the implementation of Midnimo. While the human-interest storiesincluded in this report portray the experiences of specific individuals, they highlight broader lessonslearnedandrecommendationsforthewiderproject.PerceptionSurvey: thesesurveys included4questionsaimedatcollectingspecific informationonthenumberof respondentsexpressingabetterunderstandingof joint-planninganda commonvision, andperceivingimprovementsontheirphysicalsecurityinthecommunities.TheAxiomMEteamcalledall106participantstoFGDs,and89ofthemrespondedtothesurvey.Thetablebelowsummarizestheresponseratesforqualitativedatacollectionmethodsemployedforthemidtermevaluation

3.3 EvaluationLimitationsTheevaluationteamdidnotexperiencemajorchallengesduringdatacollection.Insomeinstances,aswiththecaseofMogadishuandBaidoa,respondentswerenotavailabletobeinterviewedastheywerebusyorabsent,but theevaluation teammitigated theseproblemsby interviewingadditionalpersons from thesameorganization/institutiontocollectmoreinformation.InthecaseofMogadishu,theevaluationteamconducted interviews via Skype for participantswhowere not available for face-to-face interviews. InHudur, difficulties in coordinatingwith project contacts on the ground resulted in delays during datacollection. This evaluation is limited in time allocated, sample size, specific location of the study andfindingsshouldbeunderstoodtobewithintheperiodofthestudy.

Technique Location Mogadishu

Baidoa Hudur Kismayo Dollow

KII 7 12 7 11 8FGD n/a 3 3 3 3

FO n/a 3 n/a 2 1

Casestudy n/a 1 1 1 1PerceptionSurvey

n/a 25 31 11 22

10

4. GeneralFindings 4.1 MappingtheHistoricalContext,ChangeswithintheMidnimoProjectand

catalyticeffectsTheprogrammehasexperiencedsomechangesinitsprogramming.In2018,Midnimowasabletoexpandintotwonewdistrictswhichwerenotinitiallyproposed.ThedistrictofHudurinSWSwasanewaddition(insteadoftheinitiallyplannedAfgoyedistrict)aswellasthedistrictofBalcadwhichalsoexpandedthescope of the project to another state – Hirshabelle State. Similarly, with expansion to new locations,Midnimowasabletosecureadditionalfundingof$500,000fromthePeacebuildingSupportOfficewhichsupportsexistingprojectsbutalsoprovidedthechanceforMidnimonotonlytoexpand,butalsotosupportcommunityprioritizedpublicworksoutsidethefundingscopeofMidnimo.AccordingtotheprojectstafffromIOMandUNHabitat,theMidnimoconceptevolvedtoincludefederalgovernment, local authorities and federal member states directly into the project to take the lead inimplementation. This strategy differentiatesMidnimo from other programmes, because it essentiallyfacilitatesthegovernmenttoleadimplementationandtakeownershipoftheproject,whichtheywouldnothave had the capacity nor resources to do. In fact, the project is implemented by government, hostcommunitiesanddisplacedcommunities,whoprioritizeactivities,andduringtheprioritizationprocess,asense of trust and community cohesion is promoted. TheMidnimo projectwas also flexible enough todirectlyrespondtothenewstabilizationinitiativesandtheinfluxofreturneesfromDadaabtoKismayoandBaidoa,andaspartofthisresponse,cooperationwithgovernmentandotheragenciesinthefieldwasessential.ItisnotablethatMidnimoprojecthasmanagedtomakesurethatthevoicesofIDPs,returneesandothervulnerablegroupsareonaparwiththoseofthehostcommunities,whichisencouragingforfutureparticipationofthesegroups,especiallyinrelationtourbanplanningandlandconflictresolution.Midnimo project staff acknowledge certain activities which were done differently from previousprogramming,suchasacontextanalysis,conductedwithhostcommunities, IDPsandreturnees,whichmarkedthefirst-timedifferentstakeholderswerebroughttogethertodesignaprogramme.ConsultationworkshopsandhavingcommunitiesdecideprojectstobeimplementedmarkedoneofthegreatestchangesinimplementationoftheMidnimoprogramme,apointexpressedbyallstakeholdersrangingfromlocalcommunities, localauthoritiesanddisplacedgroupsinBaidoa,Hudur,KismayoandDollow.Previously,therewere no CAPs, but these are now available at district level and highlight all priorities based oncontext-specificanalysisofneedsandsolutions.TheCAPsavoidduplicationofactivitiesinthedistricts,hencetheyserveasareferencepointforawiderangeofactorsimplementinginthetargetlocations.Theproject closely aligns with government priorities such as theWadajir framework, state recovery andstabilization frameworks, statedevelopmentprioritiesandNDPwhich reinforces theownershipof thegovernmentandtheirvestedinterestinseeingtheprojectsucceed,asstatedbyMoIJubbalandandSWS.TheexpansionoftheprojectinlaterphasesofMidnimotomoredistrictsinSWSandHirshabelleshowstheincreasedscopeoftheprojectovertheyears.Atthelocallevel,theCBPprocessesarehavingcatalyticeffectsintheareaswheretheyhaveoccurred.Inthe preplanning process in Hudur, Baidoa, Kismayo and Dollow, there was involvement of multiplestakeholders–staterepresentatives,districtofficials,councilors(onlyinHudur)andgovernors;andUNagencies - thisshowstheprojecthascreated important linkages fromthecommunities to thedifferentlevelsofgovernmentaswellastootherpartners.AccordingtoMidnimo,theresultingidentifiedsolutionsfrom the CBPs are being linked and integrated into “Federal Member State (FMS) and nationalpeacebuilding,conflictresolution,anti-povertyandothertransitionalanddevelopmentplanssuchastheFMSStabilizationPriorityPlansinSomalia.”Midnimo isacatalyst inscaling-uppeacebuildingeffortsviaUNagency,otherdonorsanddevelopmentagencies.SinceitsinceptiontherehasbeenanincreaseinfundingfromUNTFHSwhichhasseentheprojectexpandinJubbalandandPeacebuildingSupportOfficetoexpandintoBalcad.AccordingtotheMidnimosemi-annualreport,partnersinvolvedinworkingwithMidnimoareUNDPYES/DALDHIS,UNHCR-ledPBFprojectandEUfundedREINTEGwhicharesupportingprioritypublicworksprojectsandcomplementingMidnimo’s work in Baidoa and Kismayo. TheMidnimo project is increasingly collaborating with otheragenciesandworkingdirectlywithagencieslikeUNDPintheJPLGprogramme,UNICEF,ILO,NRC,DRC,

11

andFCAtoavoidoverlappingofactivities.UNDP,forexample,wasinvolvedinthedesignoftheMidnimoIIproject, and essentially, JPLGbuilds onMidnimo. An interviewwith aUNDP staff involved in the JPLGprogramme notes that the agency has adopted the CAPs and utilizes these to prioritize their owninterventions. The reason for this is because of the complementarity between the JPLG andMidnimoproject;MidnimoessentiallycreatestheconditionsforeffectivelocalgovernanceandJPLGbuildsonthisaspect of the project to implement its activities. This highlights the success ofMidnimo in influencingdecision-making and ensuring that projects complement each other, rather than duplicate each other.Whileagenciesmaintaintheirownmanagementplanandincorporatethecommunityactionplan,differentprojects can address similar issues in amore comprehensivemanner. UNDP, for instance, is part of aconsortiumimplementingtheYESprogramme.UNDPinterventionsfocusoncreatingyouthemployment,while theMidnimo project also promotes employment, but through the implementation of communityinfrastructureprioritiesandcounseling,thereforecomplementarityisimportantwithagenciesworkingonachievingdifferentgoalsinthesamelocationandtargetingsimilargroupsofbeneficiaries.Coordinationmeetings,projectplanningmeetings,andsteeringcommitteemeetingsincludedstafffromotheragenciesandprogrammes,hencetheMidnimoprojectiscreatinglinkagesandfacilitatingcoordination.Interviewswithkeystaffworkingincomplementaryprogrammingconfirmedthatcollaborationoccurredintheareasofcapacitybuildingforlocalcouncils,youthrehabilitationandyouthemploymentgenerationinitiatives.InthesecondphaseofMidnimo,stakeholdersfromotheragencieshopeforgreatercommunityengagementintermsofworkingonCAPsalongsideenhancingparticipationofminoritygroups,vulnerablepeopleandaddressinggenderissuesinthecommunities.Therepresentationofdifferentsocio-economicgroupswaswellknownbyIDPsandreturneeswhotookpartoftheevaluation,andthisformofrepresentationhadapositiveimpactonpeacebuilding,whichcanbeseenfromthefactthatinnoneofthetownsdidcommunitymembersreportconflicts,tensionorviolencethroughouttheimplementationofMidnimo.Findings,tobeexploredinthekeyfindingssectionshowthattheprojecthasnotcreatedanytensionsbetweendisplacedand host communities in any of the location, and despite challenges, communities are learning to livetogether,discussandplaninitiativesinacollaborativemanner.BecauseMidnimoworkssocloselywiththegovernment,andbecauseitisagovernment-ledprogramme,other agencies like UNDP seeMidnimo as inevitably linked to their own interventions in the targetlocations. Any agency which works in supporting government institutions and officials to promotegovernmentledinterventions,ispartofthe“TheMidnimoProject”initsapproach,wherethegovernmentis the lead. UNDP, for instance, was involved in training government officials on decentralizations toimproveservicedeliverytothecommunitiesbylinkingcommunity-basedgroupswithgovernment.Thisisanexampleofhowdifferentprojectsareworkingtogether,undertheoverarchingMidnimoapproach,topromotepeacebuildinganddevelopmentatlocallevel.MidnimoisalsoexemplaryinthewayitactsasareferencepointforvariousPBFProjectsandnon-PBFprojects.AninterviewwithaUNHCRstaffconfirmsthe close collaboration with IOM on the UNHCR PBF project named the Somalia-Kenya Cross-borderproject,whereIOMisanimplementingpartner,andMidnimoprovidescomplementarityonmanyaspectsofthisproject.Outofthe5projectsunderthePBF,3ofthemdirectlyuseMidnimoCAPsfordesigningtheirprojectsandselectingbeneficiaries.AccordingtoUNHCRstaff,thereiscomplementarity,asPBFutilizestheMidnimo approach and builds on the activities implemented under the latter through the CAPs.Furthermore,duplication isavoidedbecausecommunitieshaveastrongunderstandingof thedifferentproject’sstrategies,andthevariousactivitiesagenciesareworkingin. Intheprocessofstrengtheninglocalgovernance,bybuildingcapacitiesoflocalandstatelevelgovernment,theMidnimoprojecthasbeensuccessfulincreatinganenablingenvironmentforthepromotionofdurablesolutionsandimprovedrelationshipsbetweenmembersofthehostcommunity,IDPsandreturnees.TheprojectisinlinewiththeDurableSolutionsInitiative(DSI)intheimplementationofcommunityplans,andsincetheprojectengageddisplacedcommunitiesindecision-making,addressestheirbasicneedsandtheirability to increasecohesionandunity in thecommunity, it ispromotingpeacebuilding.Aswillbe laterexplored in thekey findings sectionof the report, the strongest aspectof theproject, beyondonly theimplementationoftheinfrastructureprojects,isthesenseofbelongingexpressedbydisplacedgroupswhofeelnotonlyinvolvedbutheard.Asmanystakeholdersinterviewed,rangingfromthecommunity-basedgroups, to the government, from Midnimo staff, to staff from other agencies working in similarprogrammingpointedout,whatmakesMidnimodifferentfromotherprojectsisthemeaningfulroleplayedbyIDPsandreturnees.This“multi-sectoral”and“multi-community”project,asithasbeendefinedbyakeyinformantworkingongovernance,isunusualintheSomaliasetting,anditiswhatmakesitinnovative.Theproject isbuildingdurable solutionsby tackling themost importantneedsof communities, likehealth,education,wash,roads,livelihoodsandisstrengtheningthecapacityofcommunitiestodealwithconflict,

12

inparticularlanddisputes.Indoingso,localgovernanceandtheaspectofreconciliationbetweenhostanddisplaced communities is strengthened. Government credibility and trust from displacement affectedcommunitiesisalsoreinforced.4.2 GenderandSocialInclusion TheMidnimopeacebuildingandstabilityapproachhasanemphasisoninclusiveparticipation.InclusiveparticipationaccordingtoMidnimo’sannualreportandquarterlyreport,involvesgenderbalanceaswellas different socio-economic groups which are community defined to participate in community drivenprocesses.4GenderparticipationincommunitydrivenprocessesinJubbalandStateandSouthWestStateProcessbygenderLocations

CommunityBasedPlanning (CBP)meetings

CommunityAction Groups(CAGs)

CommunityBasedMonitoring andEvaluation(CBM&E)

CommunityDisputeResolutionCommittee(CDRC)

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male FemaleDollow5 49 51 9 2 4 0 N/A N/ABaidoa6 69 31 19 3 4 0 8 1Hudur7 75 45 7 3 3 1 N/A N/AKismayo8 116 74 9 2 4 1 5 1Sub-total 309 201 44 10 15 2 13 2Total 510 54 17 15The above table details the participation of the different genders in the various community drivenprocessesinDollow,Baidoa,HudurandKismayo.TheoverallparticipationintheCBPmeetingsindicatesthatalargenumberofwomenwereincludedascomparedtothoseintheCAGs,CBM&E,CFTandCDRC.Percentage-wise,womenmake39%oftheparticipantsinthecommunity-basedplanningprocess.Accordingtotheprojectdocument“theprojectwillensureatleast40%oftheCAGandCBM&Ememberstobefemale.”9TheabovedataindicatesthatthereareadisproportionatelylowernumbersofwomeninCAGs and CBM&E as compared to men, with percentages indicating 18% and 12% respectively. Thediscrepanciesaregreaterwhenfocusingonindividuallocations;forinstance,theCBM&EsinDollowandBaidoaconsistofnowomen.Furthermore,intheCAGs,whichconsistofmoremembers,womenremainunderrepresented;forexample,inBaidoathereisa22-memberCAGconsistingof19maleand3females.LookingatthereportingontheoutputinvestigatingtheformationandequitabilityofCAGsandCBM&Eofthesamelocations,thestatements“theCAGsandCBM&Ehaveequitablemaleandfemalerepresentation…”and“eachCAGiscomprisedofthreewomenandfourmen,andeachCBM&Eismadeupoffourwomenandthreemen”10cannotbeascertained.Thisraisesquestionsregardinggenderbalance,womenempowermentandcapacitybuildingofwomenwithinMidnimodecision-makingstructures.AccordingtoMidnimoreports117outof14outputsfocusspecificallyongender,whichmeanstheywere“designed to directly and explicitly contribute to the promotion of Gender Equality and WomenEmpowerment”12butonlytwooutputsexplicitlymentionconsiderationofgender–output2.1and2.3.Thiscreatesachallengeintermsofidentifying,implementingandmeasuringthewaysinwhichgenderismainstreamedintheremainingfiveoutputs.InclusiveparticipationisanothernecessaryaspectoftheMidnimoproject.Thisinvolvestheparticipationof the various socio-economic groups identified13. Sampling the CBM&Es below, various aspects of 4Finalreport-Midnimoannualprogressreport,20175DataonDollow–UpdatedCAP6DataonBaidoa–BaidoaCommunityActionPlan,28Sept.20187DataonHudur–HudurCommunityActionPlan.Feb,20188DataonKismayo–KismayoCommunityActionPlanUpdated 9ProjectDocument–PeaceBuildingFund-Somalia_Midnimo10Finalreport–Midnimoannualprogressreport,2017–11Thisisineveryperiodofreportingfromquarter1offirstyear(2017)tothemostrecentreportofquarter1of2018)12Finalreport–Midnimoannualprogressreport,201713Groupincludeswidows,youth,orphans,theelderly,elders,peoplelivingwithdisabilities,livestockandcropfarmers,entrepreneursandleadersfromIDPs,returneesandhostcommunitiesacrossclandivide.

13

inclusivitywerefulfilledespecially inBaidoa,HudurandKismayo.ForDollow,theCBM&Ecompositionmajorityinvolvesgovernmentrepresentatives,whichchallengestheideaofinclusivityespeciallyintermsofembracingreturneesandIDPsaswellaskeepingtheprocesscommunityownedanddriven.Findingsshowthatwomenaregenerallyhappywiththeirlevelofinvolvementespeciallyatthecommunity-basedplanningmeetings, they are however notwell represented in the other community-based committeeswhichMidnimosetprojecttargetof40%wasnotachieved.

CBM&EComposition

BaidoaNo Sex Affiliation/Title1 M Returnees2 M WadajirVillage/HC3 M Waberi/HostCommunity4 M IDPs

HudurNo Sex Affiliation/Title1 M IDP2 F Businessgroup3 M Communityelder4 M Returnee

KismayoNo Sex Affiliation/Title1 M SpiritualLeader

2

M TraditionalElder

3

F Womengroupmember

4 M CivilSocietymember

DollowNo Sex Affiliation/

Title1 M District

commissioner(DC)

2 M DeputyDC3 M Religious

leader4 M District

Humanitariancoordinator

SocialInclusion

ExaminingtheCDRCinthetablesbelow,itcanbesaidthatinBaidoa,thecommitteeismoreinclusivethaninKismayo.InBaidoathecommitteeinvolvesindividualsfromvaryingspheresofthesocietywhereasinKismayo, the committee is made up of community elders with the exception of representation fromwomen’sgroup.Despite the inclusivity inKismayo’sCDRC, there isanoticeable lackof involvementofreturnees and IDPs in both locations. This is important especially considering that conflict may ariseregardingresourcesmayinvolveindividualsfromtheexemptedgroups.

CDRCcomposition

BaidoaNo Sex Title1 M DistrictYouth2 F Youth3 M Youth4 M Youth5 F Youth6 M Elder7 M BusinessMan8 F Womengroup9 M Religious10 M Religious11 M Elder

KismayoNo Sex Tittle1 M FarjanoCommunity

Elder2 M AlanleyCommunity

Elder3 M Shaqalaha

CommunityElder4 M Gulwade

CommunityElder5 F Womengroup

The community action groups on the other hand satisfy the inclusivity definition provided by thecommunity.As indicatedbythetablesbelow,there is involvementof IDPs,returnees,hostcommunity;

14

localeldersandleaders,womenandyouth.Giventhedisparitiesinrepresentationofdifferentbeneficiarygroups in the various community forums, a guiding selection criterion could be developed in order toemphasizegenderandinclusivequotasasimportanttothesuccessoftheprojectandexpectedoutcomes.

BaidoaCAGNo Sex Affiliation/Title1 M IDPs-Duurowumbrella2 M IDPs-Meyniidaneh

umbrella3 M IDPs-DaryelBulsho

umbrella4 M IDPs-Bakoolumbrellas5 M IDPs-Udubumbrella6 M IDPs-MoyHoderesi

umbrella7 F IDPs-Daacadumbrella8 M IDPs-HirmeLiiban

umbrella9 F Returnees10 F Returnees11 M Returnees12 M Returnees13 M DarusalamVillage14 M IshaVillage15 M SalameyVillage16 M AdaadoVillage17 M HowlWadaagVillage18 M WadajirVillage19 M BardaleVillage20 M WaberiVillage21 M TowfiiqVillage22 M HorsedVillage

KismayoCAGNo Sex Affiliation/Title1 M AlanleyVillage2 M ShaqalahaVillage3 M GulwadeVillage4 M FarjanoVillage5 M FanoleVillage6 M IDP7 F IDP8 M IDP9 F Returnee10 M Returnee11 M Returnee

HudurCAGNo Sex Affiliation/Title1 M Villageleader2 F Youthgroup3 F IDP4 M Villageleader5 M Retrunee6 M IDP7 M Villageleader8 F Womengroup9 M Villageleader10 M Villageleader

DollowCAGNo

sex

Affiliation/Title

1 M QansaxleyIDPleader

2 F Womengroup3 M Villageleader4 M Villageleader5 M Villageleader6 M Villageleader7 M KabasaIDP

leader8 F Womengroup9 M Youth10 M Villageleader11 M Imam

FeedbackfromIDPs,returneesoninclusivityandrelevanceoftheMidnimoproject

Theaboveanalysisisbasedonfeedbackfromthedeskreviewofthemembershipofdifferentgroups,andwhilethisisakeyindicatorofinclusiveness,focusgroupdiscussionswithIDPsandreturneesprovidedaninterestinginsightontotherepresentation,inclusionandperceptionssurroundingtheeffectivenessoftheprojectinaddressingtheneedsofIDPsandreturnees,whichisexploredinthekeyfindingssectionofthereport. In all locations, youth, men and women from IDP and returnee communities describe thecommunity-basedplanningprocessasinclusiveandrepresentativeofthedifferentsocio-economicgroups.Government,hostcommunity,representativesfromIDPsandreturnees,womengroups,businessgroups,religiousleaders,minoritiesandmembersofmarginalizedcommunitieswereincluded,andbecauseofthis,all activities were seen as reflective of the real needs of the community. In Baidoa, for example, theconstructionof the feeder roadaddresseda realneedof the community since therewereproblemsofaccessibilitycreatedbypoorroadconditions.Thisbenefitedhostanddisplacedcommunities,andsincethisprioritywasidentifiedcollectively,theprojectwasseenasrelevantbybothgroups.InHudur,menandyouthbelievethatthecommunityconsultationprocesspromotedtrustandrespectbetweendifferentgroups sinceMidnimo provided the avenue to discuss themost important issues face the community,somethingwhichwasnotpossiblebefore.Insecurityisseenasagreatestthreatinthistown,anddisplacedcommunitiesfeltthatwiththepromotionofdialogue,theprojectisbringinghostanddisplacedgroupstogether. Violence, conflict over land and the threat of Al Shabaab are described as the key factors ofinstabilityinthislocation,hence,afocusgroupdiscussionwithIDPandreturneewomenmaintainsthatprojectssuchas therehabilitationof thepolicestationarevital topromote lawandordertominimizeconflictinthecommunity.InKismayo,discussionswithvulnerablewomenrevealedthattheyfullyparticipatedincommunity-basedplanningandthattheirneedswerewellrepresentedandthoughtheyfeltthatprojectsimplementedsofar

15

addressed theneedsof thecommunity, and thegovernment led the implementation, thesediscussionsshow great expectations that the government will provide shelter and healthcare too. Nevertheless,women,youthandmeninIDPandreturneecommunitiesinKismayo,believethattheprojecthelpedtackletheneedsforlivelihoodsthroughshort-termcashforwork.InDollow,IDPsandreturneesfeltthattherehabilitationoftheairportcreatedvitalincomeforthemostvulnerableandtheysawthisastacklingtheimmediate needs of IDPs and returnees, especially youth. The project was seen as reflecting of thecommunityneedsbecauseof theaspectofemploymentcreation,andthehopethat thesocioeconomicbenefitresultingfromupgradingtheairportwillultimatelybenefitthewholecommunity.Thenextsectionprovides more information on how and why theMidnimo project was relevant to the needs of IDPs,returneesandhostcommunities.4.3 RelevanceInalldistricts, communities facechallengessuchas insecurity,displacement,drought, lackofaccess tobasicservices, limited livelihoods,andpooraccess tobasicservicessuchaseducationandwater.Landconflictanddisputeisamajorproblemfacingcommunities.Furthermore,whilethewholecommunityisaffectedbytheeffectsofdrought,IDPsandreturneesfacespecificchallengesrelatedtotheirdisplacementstatussuchaslackofshelterandinsecurity,lootingandviolence,aswellasgender-basedviolence.ThecommunitiesinthetargetlocationsalsoincludethereturneeswhoarefromotherborderingcountrieslikeKenyaandEthiopia,theIDPswhoarefromotherdroughtaffectedorconflicttornzonesandthehostcommunitywhoareresidentsinBaidoa,Hudur,DollowandKismayo.Theprojectbrokedowndivisionsinthesethreegroups.TheMidnimoprojecthastackledsomeofthechallengesfacingthecommunitysuchasaccesstowater,roads,security,rehabilitationofschoolsandmarkets,resettlementandintegrationasadurablesolution for thevulnerablecommunities.Theseprojectshavebeenwell-receivedat local level.Throughcashforworkactivities,thecommunityinfrastructureprojectsimplementedinBaidoa,KismayoandDollowaddressedthepervasiveproblemofunemploymentandunderemploymentamongstyouthbyproviding short-termemploymentopportunitieswhichbeneficiariesof theprojectbelieve is critical toprovidemuchneededlivelihoodssupport.Theproject isconsidered toberelevant to thecommunityas itaddresses theneedsof thecommunityespeciallythevulnerablemembers,whoseneedswereprioritized.Theprojectisalsoseentobealignedtothedistrictcouncilformationprocessasitinvolvescommunityconsultationprocesswhichisfoundationfor thecouncil formation.Theproject is linked to theWadajir frameworkas it focuseson the firstandsecondstepsofsocialhealingandcommunitypeacedividendprojects.TheMidnimoprojectreflectstheprioritiessetintheNationalDevelopmentPlan(NDP),specificallytheresiliencechapterwhichisalignedwiththecommunityrecoveryandextensionofstateAuthority(CRESTA)framework.Theprojectisfurtheraligned to the South West State strategic priority 2017-2019 where pillars 2-6 covering economicdevelopment,socialhumandevelopment,infrastructureandresilienciesiscovered.ForJubbalandState,theprojectisseenascloselyaligningtotheNDP,intermsofpromotingrehabilitationofkeyinfrastructureandstatelevelprioritiesondurablesolutionsandintegrationofIDPsandreturnees.Thankstotheclosecontribution of the project to government’s plans and community priorities, there is unanimousunderstandingbythecommunitiesinthetargetdistrictsthatthegovernmentisthemainstakeholderandtakesthelead,andIOMandUNHabitatremainonlytheimplementingpartners.LocalauthorityisappreciativeofthealignmentoftheMidnimoprojectwiththegovernment’spriorities,and members of the community-based groups feel engaged and consulted on implementation. In alllocations,however,theneedsofthecommunitiesaremany,andthedemandformoreprojectstacklingurgentneedsisarecurrentpoint,pointingalsotothehighexpectationswhichcommunitieshaveoftheMidnimo project, which are ultimately responsibilities that the government should take forward. InKismayo,forexample,mostoftheprojectsrelatetotheeducation,shelter,WASHandlivelihoodssector,allimportant priorities based on the evaluation findings, however, a clear gap lies in implementation ofcommunityprojects in thehealth sector,more specifically, support tohealth facilities. In this location,constructingMCHclinicsandhospitalswasreportedapriorityforthecommunity,thereforesupporttothehealthcaresystemthroughrehabilitationand/orconstructionofMCHclinicsandhospitals,inthefaceofhealth challenges such asAcuteWateryDiarrhea (AWD) andhigh infantmortalitywould enhance theproject’s relevance. InHudur, the situation is similar, and livelihood,WASH, education, protection andshelterwereseenbythecommunityasthemainprojectswhichMidnimoshouldimplement.

16

TheprojectwasrelevantinthewayitwasdesignedtopromoteCBPandsecurityinthecommunities.TheoverwhelmingmajorityofFGDrespondentshavepositiveperceptionsoftheirabilitytounderstandjointplanning/CPBandfeel thesecuritysituation improvedthankstotheproject. Overall,85%and90%ofrespondents from FGDs answered yes when asked if they have a better understanding of jointplanning/community-basedplanningandifdifferentgroupsunderstandhowtoworktogethertowardssimilar goals. On questions related to security, 97% of respondents believe the project broughtimprovementstosecurityintheircommunityandtotheirownphysicalsafety.Responsesonallquestionswerepositive inDollowandKismayo,butBaidoahad thehighestpercentageofnegative responsesonquestionsrelatedtounderstandingCBPandcommonvision.ThesurveysalsofounditiswomeninBaidoawhoanswerednegativelythesequestions.WhileFGDsandKIIsdidnotfindnegativeperceptionsamongstcommunitymembersandwomeninparticular,thetimingoftheperceptionsurveypost-SWSPresidentialelection,theinsecurity,andviolentdemonstrationsinBaidoaagainstEthiopiantroopsarefactorswhichshouldbekeptintoconsideration.ItisimportanttothereforecontextualizethefindingsoftheperceptionsurveysforBaidoabylookingattheSWSPresidentialElectionanditspossibleeffectsonsocialcohesionandsecurity.

17

5. SpecificFindingsperRegion 5.1 JubbalandState 5.1.1 Kismayo SummaryTheMidnimoprojecthasmadenotableachievementsinthisdistrictandcommunitymembersarefullyawareof the CBP process and overall, pleased with their level of inclusion in decision-making. The successfulinvolvementandownershipoftheprojectfromlocalauthoritiesensurednochallengesduringtheselectionofbeneficiariesforCAG,CFT,andCDRC,andmoreover,aleveloftrusthasbeenbuiltbetweenlocalcommunitiesandthegovernment,whoiswelladvancedinpromotinginitiativesfordisplacementaffectedcommunities.Thereishighexpectationfromthecommunityandcommunity-basedgroups,aswellaslocalauthorities,thattheprojectwillimplementotherkeyprioritiesinthehealth,shelterandWASHsector,becauseneedsarehigh.ItshouldberememberedthatMidnimoandCAPsarewaystofacilitatethegovernmentandcommunitygroupstoimplement,monitorandtakeforwardothercommunitypriorities.Schoolconstructionandrehabilitationprojectshavecreatedopportunities forchildren frombothhostanddisplacedcommunities toreceive freeeducation and learn together. The project constructed a livestock market and market shed in an IDPsettlements,providingabaseforvulnerablecommunitiestodobusiness,thuspromotingincomegeneration.Theconstructionofasolarpoweredshallowwell,intheIOMsheltersiteinMadinaVillage,isaccessibletoIDPsandreturnees,andoncecompleted,isexpectedtoimproveaccesstowater.Micro-financeandbusinesstraining are lacking amongst vulnerable groups, particularly youth, and providing these are a keyrecommendation to improve the project. Furthermore, capacity building training for community-basedgroupsandcommitteesneedstobeenhanced,asmembersofthesegroupsandcommitteesfeeltheywouldbenefit from more frequent trainings. While activities related to infrastructure works were deemedsustainable, because structures are now existing and operational, the financial sustainability of thecommunity-basedgroupsremainsachallengethatcouldaffectthesustainabilityoftheproject.Amongsttheneedsofthesemembers,allowances,salaries,officespaceswerethemostreportedbymembersofthesegroupsandMidnimoprojectstaff.EffectivenessandEfficiencyInKismayo,theprojecthasbeenimplementedsmoothly,andcommunitygroupsandcommitteeshavebeenselectedwithoutanymajorsetbacks.TheMinistryofInterioroversawtheselectionofthesegroupsandcommittees,andmembersofthesegroupsconfirmedthattheirselectionoccurredthroughavotingsysteminclusiveofIDPs,returneesandmembersofthehostcommunities.Minoritiesandwomenfrommembersthe host and displaced communitieswere involved in the selection of these groups, but for the CDRCpersonswithdisabilitieswerenotinvolvedinselectionaccordingtoarespondentfromthelocalauthority.TheprojectensuredtheinvolvementofthegovernmentthroughtheCFTtooverseetheimplementation,identificationofbeneficiaries,communitymobilizationandCBP.MembersofthecommunityconfirmedthattheCBPprocesseffectivelyengagedallsocio-economicgroupslikewidows,youth,orphans,theelderly,elders,peoplelivingwithdisabilities,livestockandcropfarmers,entrepreneursandleadersfromIDP,returneesandhostcommunitiesacrosstheclandivide.Inthisrespecttheprojectwaseffectiveincreatingplatformsforallgroupstobeinvolvedindecision-makingonprojectsaimedatbenefitingthecommunity.ThankstothisCBPprocess,thesegroupwereengagedinabroaderdialoguetounderstandtherootcausesofconflicts,theprioritiesinthecommunity,andowntheprocessofcommunitydevelopment.ThecommitteesandgroupscreatedinKismayoreceivedvariouscapacitybuildingtrainingtoenhancetheirabilitytounderstandCBP.TheCAG,forexample,wasinvolvedina6-daytrainingthatcoveredtopicsoncommunity consultation, informationmanagement and community-based planning, as well as conflictmanagement, disaster cycle management, protection and channels of communication. CDRCmembers

18

received similar trainings, with more focus on land conflict resolution and management ofcases/disagreementonissuessurroundingland.“Thetrainingswereuseful,buttheywereonlyconductedtwice;weneedcontinuoustrainingandcapacity

buildinginordertoprovidebenefitstothecommunitywiththeskillswelearnt”-CAGmember

Thetrainingswerereceivedpositivelyandbuiltknowledgeandskillsamongstmembersofthecommitteeswhopassedontheknowledgetomoremembersofthecommunity,throughatrainingoftrainerssothatthesememberscan in turnraiseawarenessof important issues likesanitationandcommunitydisputeresolution. A problem reported by a member of the CAG was that the number of training receivedthroughouttheprojectperiodweretoofew,limitingtheabilityofmemberstogainmoreknowledgeanddelvedeeperintothedifferenttrainingsreceived.Nevertheless,thetrainingsdidtranslateintostrongercapacitiesforcommunity-basedgroupsandforthelocalauthoritiestoo,whodraftedtheMidnimoHandBook, containing CAP needs to form the basis of the implementation of any projects by internationalagencies,essentiallybecomingareferencepointforcommunity-basedinterventions.Forthegovernmentin particular, the trainings on land dispute resolution (land law, city planning, HLP and land disputemanagement,peacebuilding)culminatedinthecreationoftheLandCommissiontoaddressissuesrelatedtolandconflictanddisplacement.“Afterthetraining,westartedtoadvocatemoreontacklingthelandissuechallengewhichthegovernment

respondedtobycreatingthelandcommissionwhichwouldhopefullyhelpinsolvingmanyproblemseffectingthecommunityespeciallythedisplaced”-MemberoftheLocalAuthority

Moregenerally,theprojectwaseffectiveinimplementingcommunityinfrastructureprojectsprioritizedbythecommunity.RespondentsfromFGDswereallawareoftheimplementationoftheconstructionandrehabilitation of schools, shallow wells, latrines, and the livestock market. The implemented projectsbenefitedthecommunity,butalsodisplacedcommunities,asyouthfromIDPcommunitiesconfirmedtheirinvolvementinshort-termcashforwork.Womenalsoreportedbeingactivelyengagedinthecommunityactionplanning anddecision-making andexpressed trust in the governmentbecauseof its capacity toadvocateonHLPissuesandoverseetheprojectsimplemented.Theseprojectsdirectlyimpactedontheaccesstobasicservicesandconflictresolutioninthecommunity;theselectionoftheprojectwasbasedonthelargestneedsinthevillagesandconsiderationonexistingsupport,assomecommunitieshavefewerresources and receive less support, thus are in greaterneed.Due to the social, security, andeconomicsituation,theneedslargelyoutweighthesupportprovidedthroughMidnimo.Shelter,healthcare,accesstofinanceforself-employment,andimprovingroadsaskeyprioritieswhichtheprojecthasnotaddressedaccordingtoFGDs.InterviewswithmembersoftheCAG,forexample,highlightedmanyimportantneedsforthecommunitywhicharenotyetimplementedlikeprovidingteachersalaries,nursessalaries,medicalsupplies,micro-finance,businessskillstrainingandmorewashandsanitationsprojectsinovercrowdedIDPandreturneesettlements.Theseneedsallmatchthoseexpressedbyvulnerablecommunities,leadingsome respondents of FGDs to feel that the activities implemented by the project are too few and notaddressingotherpressingneeds.Thehighexpectations fromtheprojectareunderstandableconsidering the fact thatvulnerablegroupsrequireconsiderable support, andmembersof the IDPcommunity reportedawarenessof the fact thateveryvulnerableyouthfromthecommunitywouldliketobeinvolvedinthecashforworkactivitiesorbeinvolvedinmoretrainingsorconsultationforums.Allstakeholdersinterviewed,rangingfrommembersofgroupsandcommittees,governmentandMidnimoprojectstaffagreethatresourceallocationof$41,000perprojectisinsufficient,andefficiencyinimplementationishinderedbyfinancialconstraints.ItshouldbenotedthatprocurementproceduresandtechnicalrequirementsforconstructionposechallengesfortheagenciesinvolvedinMidnimo,andthatisithardtomatchtheexpectationofthecommunityconsideringthedifficultiesfacedinprocurementprocesses.Whileitisunderstandablethattargetbeneficiariesdonotfeel$40,000issufficient,projectsofthisamountthatconcentrateinspecificIDPareas/settlementsandlinktoarea-basedplanninghavemadedrasticdifferencesinthelivesofIDPsandreturneesinKismayo.With regards to efficiency, project staff are aware that the lack of financial incentives provided tocommunitymembersisaconstraint,sincemostofthepeopleattendingworkshopsdecidetoforgotheirdailyworkforthedurationoftheworkshop,creatinganadditionalfinancialpressure.Thisisparticularlyproblematic,ascommunitymembersareintegralandcrucialtothesuccessoftheproject.Withinthesefinancial constraints, the project was implemented in a cost-efficientmanner and in line with agreed

19

workplans.IntheopinionofCAGandCDRDmembers,thereweresomedelaysintheimplementationofactivitiesfromIOMandUN-Habitatside,whileallrespondentsfromlocalauthoritieswiththeexceptionofone, mentioned no delays in implementation of activities. Project staff attributes these delays inimplementationtotheinsecurityandsetting-upofroadblocks.Impact“TheMidnimoprojectstrengthenedgovernmentstructuressuchasAqoonsideschoolwhichwasbuiltundertheMidnimoproject,constructedalivestockmarket,constructedmotorizedshallowwellsaswellrenovatedtheGulwadeschool,thuscreatingandimprovingthecommunity’sbeliefingovernment-ledprojects.”-

MemberoftheLocalAuthorityTheMidnimoprojectwassuccessfulinbuildingtrustbetweenthegovernmentandlocalcommunitiesandshowing communities that the government is leading in supporting better access to basic services.Government respondents were pleased with the way that UN-Habitat and IOM ensured that thegovernment led the project, which is ultimately why the community has a positive view on thegovernment’scapacitiesandability tohelpdisplacedpeople.Theprocessofhavingcommunitiessharetheirviews,befullyinvolvedinplanningprocessesandcreatingcommunitybodiestosharetheneedswithgovernment, promoted a sense of ownership amongst all stakeholders, and this, in itself, is one of thebiggestachievementsoftheprojectinKismayo,alsodocumentedintheUrbanProfileofthistown.Intermsoftheimplementationofcommunityinfrastructureprojects,schoolfacilitieswererehabilitatedaspartoftheproject(upgradingofGulwadeschoolandconstructionoftheperimeterwallatAqoonsideschool)andoneof theoutcomesof thiswas integratingmorechildrenfromhostcommunitiesandIDPcommunitiestoreapthebenefitsoffreeeducationthroughmoreappropriateinfrastructureforlearning,without generating any tensions amongst host and displaced groups. The construction of householdlatrinesintheIDPcamp,aswellasconstructinglatrinesatKismayolivestockmarket,improvedhygieneandsanitationamongstIDPsandreturneesaccordingtoFGDswithwomen;thiswasseenaskeysincepoorsanitaryconditionsindenselypopulatedcampscontinuestobeaseriousproblem.Interventionssuchastherehabilitationofthemarketshedprovidedalocationforhawkerstoselltheirproducts,promotingself-employmentamongstvulnerablepettytraders,whiletheconstructionofthelivestockmarketprovidedaphysicalstructure fordoingbusiness,alsoencouragingentrepreneurship. IDPshighlighted thepositiveimpactsofMidnimoonsocialcohesionthroughcommunitywidearts,cultureandrecreationalactivitiestopromoteacommon identitybetweenhostanddisplacedcommunityacross theclandivide. Lastly, theconstructionofthesolarpoweredshallowwell,whichwasongoingatthetimeofthefieldobservation,isexpected to improve access to clean and safewater to benefit thewider community, thus tackling theproblemofuncleanwater,poorsanitationandcompetitionoverwaterresourceswhichwouldotherwisefuelcommunitytensionandconflicts.Themarketalsoprovideswaterstorageforusebybuyersandsellersinthemarket,furtherimprovingtheavailabilityofcleanwaterinthecommunity.Onimpactsrelatedtolanddisputeresolutiontherearecontradictingfindings.DiscussionswithvulnerablewomenandmeninKismayopoint totheresolutionofseveral landdisputes, thankstotheworkof theCDRC.Theprocessof landdispute resolutions, according to thesediscussions, is a fair process,wherecommitteememberslistentobothsidesofcases,lookfortrustedwitnesses,andprovideclearevidence,aswellasengagewithmembersofthebroadercommunitybeforeprovidingafinalverdict.FGDsmentionthat land disputes in Xafaada Shaqaalaha were resolved by the committee after a long mediation.Interviews with members of the CDRC highlight the high number of conflicts related to land in thecommunity,andthefactthatthecommitteehasmanagedtosolvesomedisputesandisactivelyengagedinconflictresolutionactivities.Thelocalauthoritiesattributedthereductionoflanddisputecasesreportedinthedistricttotheworkofthecommittee.InterviewswithIOMandUN-Habitatprojectstaff,andCFTandCAGmembers,however,statedthatnodisputesweresolvedandthatthelackofcapacityofthecommitteeisoneofthechallengesthatlimitsthecommittee’sabilitytosolveconflicts.ThedifferingfindingsamongstthekeystakeholderscouldpointtothelackofcommunicationbetweenthevariousactorsinvolvedinlanddisputeresolutionontheprogressofactivitiesoftheCDRC.

20

SolarPoweredShallowWellinMadinavillage

KismayoLivestockMarket

KeyObservations

• ThelivestockmarketissituatedinShaqaalahavillagewherepeoplefromdifferentvillages(Shaqalaha,Alanley,Gulwade,FanooleandFarjano)canaccessandbringtheirlivestocktosellinthemarket.

• Thelivestockmarkethasenoughspacetoaccommodatedifferentlivestocksuchasgoats,camels,donkey,cowsandsheepanditisfunctional,withpeoplesellingandbuyinglivestockonadailybasis.

• Thelivestockmarketisfunctional,andwellventilated.• Duringthefieldvisit,IDPs,returneesweremakinguseofthefacility,whichwasbusyatthetime.Approximately40-

50peoplemakeuseofthemarketdaily.Themarketisoperationaldayandnight.• Communitiesareappreciativeoftheprojectbecauseitalsoprovidesshadeandaplacetorestduringhothours.

Recommendations:• Themarkethasnofence;arecommendationisfortheMidnimoprojectistoallocatefundstofencethelivestock

market.• Latrinesareusedthroughoutworkinghours,butthehygienestandardsofthelatrinesarepoor.Maintenanceis

requiredtoensurethelatrinesarecleaner.

KeyObservations

• ThelocationoftheshallowwellisinMadinasettlement,anIOMshelter-site.• ConstructionisongoingandstartedinOctober2018.• Thewaterpointisexpectedtobe35-40metersdeep.Thesurroundingareas/premisesareclean.• Theshallowwellislocatedinthecentreofthecamp,anditisthereforeaccessibletothemajorityofhouseholds

inthesettlement.• Atthetimeoftheobservation,casuallabourerswereonsite.• Government, in particular theMinistry ofWater and Energy,will providewell trained personnel to take the

responsibilityofmaintenanceofthestructure.• Noissuepertainingtheworkswasexperienced.

21

Figure 1 Kismayo Shallow well

Figure 2: Kismayo Livestock Market

22

5.1.2 Dollow SummaryTheProject inDollow isat the initial stagescompared toprogressmade inKismayo.So far, throughCBPprocesses,theprojectisupgradingDollowAirportfacilities,withawaitinghallandlatrinesandmembersofthecommunityand localgovernmentarehappywiththeshort-termemploymentopportunitiesgeneratedthroughtheprojectandthesocioeconomicopportunitiesthisprojectwillbringforthedistrict.A footballtournamentwasorganizedtoengageyoungpeople,andthiswashelpfulinpromotingsocialcohesion;thetournamentincludedonly2teamsofthe12teamsavailableinthedistrict,hencethescopeoftheactivitywaslimitedaccordingtoyouthwhotookpartinthissportingevent.TheMidnimoprojecthasexperienceddelaysintheconstructionoflatrinesattheairport,andotherprojectshavenotyetbegun,suchastherehabilitationofDollowdistrictadministrationandpolicestationcenter, constructionofMCHatQansaxleyIDP/ReturneecampandtherehabilitationofDolloworientationcenter.TheCDRChasnotyetbeenestablished,thereforethe report cannot comment on its effectiveness nor any impacts related to resolution of disputes or landconflictinthedistrict.Asfortheothercommittees/groupscreated,therehasbeennoissuesinselectionofmembers,exceptforinitialchallengesoveragreementonvillagestoprioritizeforprojectimplementation,butthesechallengesweremitigatedeffectivelybythelocalauthority.The needs of the displaced community are many and implementing other community infrastructurerehabilitation projects would address urgent needs such as healthcare. Projects like farm irrigation,sanitation,constructionandrehabilitationofschoolsandMadrasas,aswellastheconstructionofshelterswerementionedashavingthepotentialtoimprovethestatusofdisplacedcommunitiesandvulnerablegroupsandwould enhance the relevance of theMidnimo project. Although the government is trying tomobilizeadditionalresourcestoenhanceitssupporttodisplacedcommunities,therealityisthatdonorfundingandmoretechnicalsupportarerequiredtosustaintheprojectinDollow,particularlyregardingfinancialsupportfor community-based groups who do not receive any allowances or salaries from the project.Recommendationsontheproject focusonimplementingallremainingpriorities inthepipelineassoonaspossible,constructingafenceandwallaroundtheairport,andprovidingmoreregulartrainingsandsalariesforgroupsandcommittees.Moreover,intensivepromotionoftheCAPandtheDolowUrbanProfile,inadditiontogreaterandmoreefficientcoordinationamongstlocalstakeholderstoconcentrateactiononmosturgentprioritiesiscrucialtopromotepeacebuildinginthisthetown,whichactsasatransitpointforrefugees. EffectivenessandEfficiency ThevisionofthecommunityinDollowisforMidnimotosolvepriorityneedsandtocreatetrustandunityamongstallgroups.ThecommunityfeltinvolvedandengagedintheCBPprocess,whichtheydescribedasinclusive of women and youth, who actively participated in dialogue and decision-making. Theeffectivenessoftheprojectwasenhancedbyitsabilitytobringlocalgovernmentattheforefrontoftheproject, and lead in implementation. Local authority roles and responsibilities include participating inconsultations meetings, leading in the beneficiary selection, overseeing project implementation, andproviding land to IDPs for construction of shelters. State level government, on the other hand, isrepresentedthroughthecorefacilitationteam,whichprovidesregularupdatestothegovernmentontheprogressoftheproject.“Thetrainingprovidedbytheprojectwasrespondingtothegapandneedsofthegovernmentandtheyweresohelpfultous.Thesetrainingshavechangedourperceptionandtheyareuseful.”-Respondentfromthe

JubbalandMinistryofInteriorTrainingsprovidedtogovernmentincludedlandandconflictresolution,landlawandcityplanning,andHLP dispute management, as well as information management, data storing, report writing andinformation sharing. The government considered these trainings useful and put these trainings intopracticethroughthedraftingofthecommunityneeds,solvinglanddisputecasesandsharinginformationwiththecommunitiestopromotetheirinvolvementindecision-making.Community-basedgroupswerealsoeffectivelyset-up,andthankstotheMidnimoprojectCAGandCBM&Eare operational, with the exception of the CDRCwhich has not yet been created. No challenges werereportedbymembersofthesecommitteesduringtheselectionprocess.CAGandCBM&Ememberswereselected by representatives from host, IDPs and returnees’ communities, and the selection includedrepresentation fromall groups, like youth, religious committees, education sector,womengroup’s and

23

personswithdisabilities,businessmenandgovernmentrepresentatives.Overall,theselectionprocesswasseenastransparentandinclusive,aseffortswereplacedonsecuringthebuy-inofgovernmentofficials,districtauthoritiesandthedifferentcommunitiesinthesetting-upofthesegroupsandcommittees.Aswiththegovernment,membersoftheCAGreceiveda3-daytrainingoncommunityconsultationwherememberswereabletoexpresstheneedsofthecommunityandprioritizethemostimportantinterventions,butalsosharethebroadercommunityprioritieswithotherhumanitarianagencies.ThesetrainingswereconsideredimportantbyCAGmembersinterviewedbecausetheyachievedthegoalofcreatingcommunityprioritiesandforthememberstolearnmoreaboutcommunityownership,communityintegration,conflictmanagement and in turn transferred these skills to other members of the community. Mobilization,awarenesscampaignsandToTsforcommunitymembersarethecoreactivitiesimplementedbytheCAG.CBM&Ereceivedtrainingonconflictmanagement,disastercyclemanagement,protectionandchannelsofcommunicationandforthesemembers,andaswithCAGmembers,trainingsareseenasimportantbecausetheeffectivenessofprojectimplementationisdependentontheknowledgeandskillsthatthegroupsandcommitteesobtainthroughthetrainings.TheCDRChasnotyetbeenset-up,hencenotrainingsoccurred,andtheeffectivenessofthiscommitteeonresolvinglanddisputescannotbeestablishedatthisstage.

“Whatwelearnfromthetraining,whenwegobacktothecommunity,wealsotrainothercommunitymembertobenefitfromtheskillswelearnt,andsoourskillswillreachmanypeople”-CBM&EMember

The infrastructure activity implemented in Dollow is the upgrading of the airport facilities throughconstructionofawaitinghallandlatrines;fieldobservationsshowthattheairportisusedbyIDPsandreturnees. Local authority confirmed thatmore projectswill be implemented soon, and these are therehabilitationsofhealthcentersofQansaxleyIDPcamp,therehabilitationoftwomayorofficesandthefencingofDollowpolicestation.ThereareotherprioritiesoutlinedintheCAP,suchas the constructionofKabasaprimaryschoolatKabasaIDPcampandtheconstructionofamainmarketinthiscamp.ForIDPsandreturnees,theupgradingoftheairportfacilitiesisseenasawaytofacilitatefreemovementwithinSomalia,aswellasasourceofincome,asIDPsandreturneesaresomeofthebeneficiariesselectedtotakepartincashforworkactivitiesforthisproject.Theprojecteffectivelyengageddifferentstakeholderswhoall benefitted from the project’s activities, ensuring its success. For example, because of the closeinvolvementof localauthorities in theselectionprocessandoverseeingofproject implementation, thegovernmentexperiencedgoodcoordinationandcooperationwiththelocalcommunityandasaresult,ishappywiththepositiveperceptionsofthecommunityontheirroleintheproject.Furthermore,someoftherespondent from localauthorityviewtherelationshipbetweendisplacedandvulnerablegroupsashavingimprovedthankstoMidnimowiththeexceptionofonerespondentfromthelocalauthoritywhostatedthatmuchmoreistobedonetopromotetrustbetweengovernmentanddisplacedgroupandthatthesegroupsarenotfullysatisfiedwiththegovernment’srole.Withregardstothetimelyimplementationoftheproject,IDPsandreturneesfromthecommunitydonotreport anydelayof implementation, since theonlyproject implemented so far is theupgradingof theDollowAirport,butaccordingtotheCBM&Etherehavebeendelaysinactivitiestoconstructthelatrinesattheairportsincetheconstructionoflatrineshadbeenproposedmonthsaheadbutithasonlyrecentlystarted.Fieldobservationsconfirmedthisfindingandshowedthattheconstructionofthewaitinghallandlatrineswasongoingatthetimeoftheevaluation.Furthermore,thelocalauthorityreportsdelaysintheconstructionoftheMCH,mayor’soffice,fencingofthelocalauthoritycompound,andfencingandequippingthe airport, showing that implementation is behind schedule inDollow. It is important to note that incontrastwithKismayo, the localauthority inDollowbelieves thatappropriate financial resourceshavebeenallocatedfortheprojectsandthebudgetwasconsideredsufficienttoimplementactivitiesaspertheCAPbook.CAGandCBM&Emembersfeelthattherearemanyprojectsnotinthepipelinewhichwouldsupport displaced communities and vulnerable host communities such as farm irrigation, sanitation,construction and rehabilitation of schools and Madrasas (Islamic religious schools), as well as theconstructionofshelters.AlthoughIDPsandreturneesareawareofthesocio-economicbenefitsresultingfromtheupgradingoftheDollowAirport,themainurgentchallengestheycontinuetofacewhichhavenotbeenansweredthroughtheCBPprocessarethe lackofqualityteacherstoteachinschools, the lackofhealthfacilities,andthepoorroadstatusinDollowtown.Whileallstakeholdersarehappywiththeairportproject,andtheeconomicbenefitsitwillgenerate,discussionswithIDPsandreturneesinthecommunityemphasizethelackofprojectstargetingthemajorproblemsinthetown,whichareschooling,healthandroads. Looking at the projects in the pipeline, the rehabilitation of the orientation center and districtadministrationandpolicestationarenotprojectsthatwoulddirectlysolvethelackofadequateeducation,

24

healthcareandroadsfacingcommunities.Instead,theconstructionoftheMCH,whichhasnotyetstarted,isthemostrelevantpriority.Furthermore,areviewoftheCAPdetailsanumberofprojectswhichwoulddirectlybenefitthecommunity,especiallyIDPandreturnees.BasedoninformationfromFGDs,andreviewof CAP priorities, the following projects should be prioritized (with exception of the construction ofconstructionofMCHatQansaxleyIDP/Returneescampwhichisalreadyinthepipeline):

Ø ExtensionofDurowsecondaryschool(threeclassroomsandoneoffice)Ø ExtensionofKabasaprimaryschoolØ RehabilitationofDollowmainroadØ ConstructionofQansaxleyprimaryschoolØ ConstructionofDolowtechnicaltraininginstituteØ RehabilitationofDolowgeneralhospitalØ SupplyofmedicalequipmentforDolowgeneralhospitalØ SupplyofmedicalequipmentforDolowgeneralhospitalØ SanitationactivitiesinsideKabasaIDPcampthroughCFWØ SanitationactivitiesinsideQansaxleyIDPcamp

Theevaluationhasnotfoundanytensionsnorchallengesbetweendifferentstakeholdersinselectionofpriorities,nevertheless,implementingtheaboveprioritieswouldhaveresultedinmoredirectbenefitsfordisplaced communities, as seen in the case ofKismayo andBaidoa,where projects implementedwereconcentratedinIDPcamps/settlementsornearbytheseareas.Impact“Theprojecthascreatedjobopportunitiesthroughcashforworkandalsoengagedmassiveconsultationandcampaigns,bringingclosecollaboration,interaction,cohesionandco-existenceamongtheIDPs,

returneesandhostcommunities”-RespondentfromtheLocalAuthorityFordisplacedcommunity, theupgradingof theairport isagreatachievementof theprojectbecause itbenefits thecommunityandthegovernmentsinceroadsposeamajor threatdueto fearofAlShabaabattacks,butwiththeairportopen5daysaweek,andwithimprovedfacilitiestobeconstructed,theairportcreates a market for neighboring countries like Kenya and Ethiopia. The construction of the airportprovidedshort-termemploymentforvulnerableyouthwomenandmen;basedoninterviewswithMoI,eachbeneficiaryofthecashworkreceived$6aday,for45days,amountingtoatotalof$270.ThecreationoftheCFT,CAGandCBM&EwasseenasakeyoutcomeoftheMidnimoprojectinthisdistrict.ThesegroupsrepresentedtheinterestofdisplacedgroupsandprovidedsupporttoIDP/returnees,youthandwomen.IDPsandreturneesweredirectlyinvolvedintheidentificationandsubmissionoftheirneedsandtheselectionofbeneficiarieswhileyouthwereinvolvedincashforworkandwomenarereportedtobe actively included in decision making process. Furthermore, young people took part in a footballtournamentwhichincluded2teamsoftheoriginal12teamsplannedtotakepart,whichtheybelievewasnotproperlyorganizedsincebasicequipmentwasnotavailable(refereecards,whistles,uniforms,nets,availablefootballs).InterviewwithMidnimo staffhighlight thatwerenomajortensionsorconflictsexperiencedduringtheimplementation of the project, and no negative unexpected impacts reported. Certain challengeswereexperiencedintheidentificationofvillagestoprioritizeprojectsbuttheCFTandgovernmentofficialswereable tomitigate these challenges by channeling resources to villageswhere the needwas highest andthroughnegotiation.Ontheissueofland,theCRDChasnotyetbeenestablishedbytheproject,butthelocalauthorityisinvolvedinresolvinglanddisputeondaytodaybasisandisprovidinglandforsettlementstoIDPsandreturnees.

25

DollowAirportFieldObservation

KeyObservations

• UpgradingofthewaitinghallandtwolatrinesoftheDollowairportcommencedinAugust2018andisongoing.

• The Dollow Airport is in the outskirts of Dollow, 1km away from the town. It is situated on a bigcompoundwhichisfunctionalandwellmaintainedbythelocalauthority.

• Theairport isoperationalwith flights going inandout and security and immigration servicesbeingoffered.ItismostlyusedbyIDPsandreturnees.

• Theairportisopened5daysaweekandhas35permanentstaff.• Constructionofthewaitinghallisongoing• Similarly,constructionofthelatrinesisongoingandaclearseparationofthelatrinesbygenderisvisible.• Observationrevealedthattheairportisfencedandnicelysecuredwithadequatecheckingandclearingofpeople.

Figure 3 Dollow Airport Rehabilitation

26

5.2 SouthWestState 5.2.1 Baidoa SummaryTheMidnimoproject isseenasrelevantas ittacklessomeofthechallengesfacingthecommunitysuchasaccess to water, roads, security, resettlement and integration as a durable solution for the vulnerablecommunities.TheprojectisalsoalignedtoseveralnationalframeworkswhereittouchesonCRESTA,Wadajirframework and district council formation processes. The projects implemented are seen to be effective.Activitiessuchastherehabilitationoftheroadhasimprovedtheaccessibilitytobasicservices.TheMCHalongtheroadrehabilitatedreportedanincreaseinpatients’numbers.Also,theaccessibilitytothelivestockmarkethasimproved.Manynewsettlementscouldbeseenalongsidetheroad.Womenalsostartedcreatingsmallbusinessalongsidetheroad.Thecommunityhaspraisedthecashforworkactivitiesasitprovidesincomefortheyouth,andwiththisincome,someofthebeneficiarieshavereconstructedtheirshelters.Midnimoproject is seenby thecommunityasagovernment ledprojectwhere the localauthorityandthecommittees/groupsformedareleadingtheimplementation.Thehighlevelofcoordinationandcommunityengagement/intensiveconsultationeffortsensuredcommunityownership,andinvolvementandultimatelyasuccessfulapproach.Thisisseenassomethingthatisdifferentincomparisontothepreviousprogramming. Midnimo project model is very different from the other existing projects as it directly involved and isimplemented by the government, host communities, IDPs and returnees whereby they sit together andprioritizeneedsandresponsivecommunity-basedprojectinitiatives.Allactivitiesthatledtoconstructionareseenascommunityassets,thereforeconsideredsustainable,butthemaintenanceoftheassetsneedstobewelldefined.Trainingofthecommittees isalsosustainableasmembersgainedskillstocarryoutcoordinationmeeting,consultations,settlingissuesinthecommunity.Thecommunitypriority,urbanprofileandlandlawsare seen as sustainable. The committees are on voluntary basis and may not continue if appropriatesustainabilitymechanismisnotinplace.RecommendationstoimprovetheprojectinthislocationincludeimprovedregionalcoordinationbybringingtogetherJubbalandandSouthWestStatestakeholderstosharesuccessesandfailuresforlearningpurposes,aswellasexpandingcollaborationwithlocalandfederalinstitutions.Toanextent,thisisalreadyhappeningduringquarterlyProjectSteeringCommittees,butthisrecommendationsuggestsinformationsharingcanbeenhanced.Otherrecommendationsincludeimproving/adaptingtoamoreflexibleprocurementandfinancialprocess that does not cause delays in the implementation of the project and expanding outside urbanareas/semiurbanareastorural/toreachmorepopulationinwhereneedsaremore.Pursuingthearea-basedplanningapproachwithinurbanareastobestutilizethelimitedresources,isafirststeptowardsexpansionoftheprojectbeyondurbanareasEffectivenessandEfficiency“ThecommunityarepositivelyengagedandarehappywiththefewprojectsthathavebeencompletedsofarincludingtheIshapolicestation,andthelivestockmarketroad.”-RespondentfromMinistryofPlanningTheprojectsimplementedareseentobeeffectiveandroadrehabilitationhasimprovedtheaccessibilitytobasic services.Alongside the road, there is anMCH, and theworkers at the clinic reported that thenumberofpatientsincreasedsincetheroadwasrehabilitated.Also,theaccessibilitytothelivestockmarkethasimproved.Manynewsettlementscouldbeseenalongsidetheroad.Womenalsostartedcreatingsmallbusinessalongsidetheroad.Thecommunityhavepraisedthecashforworkactivitiesastheyimprovedlivelihood,someofthosebeneficiarieswhobenefittedhavereconstructedtheirshelters.Theselectionprocessforestablishmentofthecommitteeisseenastransparentandinclusive.Theregionalgovernment led thecoordinationactivities,providedoversightandmonitoring, supportedconsultationand ensured the smooth running of the project whereas the local authority provided the communityleadership needed to ensure efficiency in community consultation where they were instrumental inanalyzingandidentifyingsolutions,providingguidanceandadviceduringcommunityengagementprocessonclandynamics.CFTwereselectedbythegovernment(OfficeoftheMayorandDistrictCommissioner)throughconsultationwiththecommunitysectionleaders,likevillageeldersandleaders.CAGwasformed

27

bytheCFTwithcommunityconsultations;appointedleadersfromthecommunitywerebroughttogethertoshortlistpeopleforthecommunityactiongroup.CBM&EwerereportedtohavebeenformedbytheCFTwiththecommunityconsultations,involvingsimilargatheringastheCAG.CommunityDisputeResolutionCommittees(CDRC)wasnominatedbythegovernment(officeoftheMayorandDistrictCommissioner).Therewereseveraltrainingsconductedtobuildthecapacityofthecommittees–trainingoncoordinationof consultativemeeting, organizing events, solvebasic conflicts, creationof SACCO (ayuuto)within thecommunityandhowtomanagethemandmonitorandtrackprojectprogress.Thecorefacilitationteamwastrainedininformationmanagementaswellascommunity-basedplanningprocess.Thegovernmentreceivedfurthertrainingincivicleadership-thetrainingentailedtheneedofgovernmentagencytoensurethat people are aware of their rights and also know their responsibilities. Community cohesion andintegration training which brought together different sections of the community and drive towardintegratingthereturneesandIDPsinthecommunityandensuringtheygetthesameservicesandshareresourcesequally.Training inpublicserviceactivitiessuchaspolicing,municipalservicesdeliveryandpublicinfrastructurestrainingsuchashousing,landuseandsettlement. Challenges such as money sent to the wrong beneficiary, fighting between community members/neighbours,contributionforburialswereresolvedbydisputeresolutioncommittee.“Some(18)ofthecashforworkbeneficiariesdidnotreceivedtheirmonthlypayments,someoftheirnumberswerewrongandthepaymentwasmadetoawrongnumber,sowediscussedwiththelocalauthorityandIOMstaff,afteralongprocessandmediationsbetweenthebeneficiariesandtheagencies,thenumberswerecorrectedandpaymentsweremade.”ThecommunityM&EcommitteearereportedtohavealsosolvedsomeissueswithintheIDPcampsduringmonitoring,issuesofdiscrimination,disputebetweencampleadersandtheirdeputies.Procurementdelayswasalsomentionedasthecauseofsomeactivitiesnotbeingimplementedontime;thesearethefootballfieldandmentalhospitalrehabilitationwhichbeganinSeptember2018.Also,thecommunities took time in decisionmaking of some of the community-based projects that led to somedelays,butalsoshiftingofgovernmentpriorities.ThesecurityhasalsobeenreportedtohaveimprovedduetotheconstructionoftheIshaPolicestation.Impact

“Ihavelearntthatevenwithnoexternalsupport,thegovernmentandthecommunitycantogethereradicatevulnerabilityinthecommunity.”CBM&ECommitteeMember

Thesuccessoftheprojectischaracterisedbytheinfrastructureandsupportprovidedbytheproject,suchasthelivestockmarketroad,policestationandcashforworkactivities.Also,anothernotablementionofthesuccessofthisprojectisthelevelofcoordinationandcommunityengagementeffortswhichensuredcommunity ownership, involvement and results. The level of engagement and consultation of thegovernment(ministryofplanning),isreportedtobesatisfactoryandencouragedotherprojectssuchasDaldhisandJPLGtoemulatethelevelofengagementthatMidnimohasreached.“thegovernmentleadingtheprojectinsteadofthehumanitarianagenciesisoneofthestrengthensoftheproject.”The project is seen to have improved the relationship of the government and the community, “…thegovernmentisimplementingpeople’sneedsandthepeoplenowhavemoretrustandconfidence”.Theprojecthasalsocreatedasenseofgovernmentlegitimacy,“Thegovernmentatbothstatelevelanddistrictlevelhaveproject facilitation team which are the front staff for implementing the project. I would say that thegovernmentis99%implementingtheproject”.Theprojectwasreportedtoalsoimprovetherelationshipbetween returnees, displaced communities and host communities. “…Some returnees got land and itsownershipthroughtitledeeds.IthasreducedtheexistingtensionforthelandwhereIDPsusedtosettleonprivatelyownedlandaswellaspublicwithoutownership.”Youtharereportedtobeincludedintheselectionprocessanddecision-makingprocesses–theyarethemajority and take leadership role in all the structures such as the CAG, CFT and CDRC.Midnimo hasenhancedsocialcohesionthroughresourcessharingbetweenIDPS,returnees,andhostcommunityandthethreegroupshaveequalityindecisionmakingpowersonmatterconcerningresourcesharing.Ithasalso enhanced the cohesion through its consultativemeetingswhere communitymembers are able todiscusscommonissuesandgettoknoweachotherandhavemoreinteraction.Artsandsportsactivitiesarealsoreportedtoenhancesocialcohesion.“Therehabilitationofafeederroadthatwillbeusedbyallthe

28

communitymembersirrespectiveofwhethertheyareIDPs,returneesorhostcommunityandsimilarlytheconstructionofpolicestationwhereeveryoneisservedwithjusticeandsecurityisprovidedtoeveryone,arecomponentsthatcatalyzesocialcohesion.”TheMidnimoprojectisseentohaveacatalyticeffectonpeacebuildingasithasimprovedtherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandcommunity,theIDP/returneesandhost community relations. Ithasalso launched initiatives thatbrought communitymainstreaming.Thesearesportingactivitiessuchasfootballtoenhanceintegrationandculturaleventssuchassongsandcommunitydances.Theprojectmadeimpressivestridesonstrategydevelopmentintheregion,suchasthedevelopmentoftheBaidoaUrbanProfile,theBaidoaandHudurtownplanningstrategy,thedevelopmentoftheCommunityActionPlanand theSWSLandLaw.TheGovernment’sactive involvement in thedevelopmentof thesepolicies,accordingtoprojectstaff,wasevidencedintheparticipationofhigh-rankinggovernmentofficialsintheconsultationsforthedraftingoftheLandLawtohelpresettleIDPsandreturnees,andCityPlansforBaidoaandHudur.Localauthorityrepresentativesmentioned,duringinterviews,thattheyhavebeenfullyinvolved in the community-planningandprioritizationprojectwith28priorities, further refined to16projects.ThelocalauthoritypraisedtheworkonthelandlawandUNHabitatsupportwiththecityplanningprocess,andmoregenerally,legislativeprogress,astheyseelawsandregulationsasthestrongestwaytoencouragecommunitymemberstotrustandhaveconfidenceinthegovernment.ForMidnimoprojectstaff,the capacity building activities for the local authorities and state government resulted in greatestcoordination and informationmanagementwithin and between different levels of government, whichhelpedexecuteactivitiesinSWS. Thereisnowgreaterandbettercoordinationandcooperationamongstagencies,stateministries,governoranddistrictcommissioneroffice. Fieldobservations

IshaPoliceStation• LocatedneartherehabilitatedIshafeederroadenablingaccessibility.Itisalsocentrally

locatedasitis300mfromthemainroadand1kmfromthelivestockmarket.• Thepolicestation isnewlyconstructed(March–April2018), therefore therearestill

constructionmaterialsinthelocations.• Thereareroughly15policeworkingintheoffice,ithasoneofficeroom,onecheckroom,

twodetentionrooms,storagerooms,andtwolatrines.Thereisnotwatertanktostorewater.

• Atthetimeoftheobservationthestationhadreceivedsomecommunitymembers.Thecombined effort of the dispute resolution committee and the presence of the policearoundhasreducedthecrimerate.

LivestockMarketRoad• The600mlongand8mwideroadismadeofgravelandsoilfoundlocally.• TheroadmainlyservecommunitylivingintheIshavillage,itlinkstothemainroadand

leadstothebiggestlivestockmarketinthewholeofBaidoadistrict.• Thenewlyconstructedroad(March-April2018)isfunctioningandcurrentlyinuseby

livestock,peopleandvehicles.• Roughlyestimateplaces4500peopleusingtheroadasthereisaschool,MCHalongside

theroadandpeopleheadingtothemarketmakingitverybusy.• Thesectioncommitteeisreportedtoberesponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheroad.

CommunityMentalHealthCareCenter

• Itislocated2kmawayfromthecenterofthetownatHawl-wadaagvillage.• The construction of extra rooms and volleyball field was ongoing at the time of the

observation.Therefore,clearindicationonfunctionalityandaccessibilityofthefacility.• Thecenteriscurrentlybusywheretheyreceiveabout8patienceperweekandthereare

alotofactivitiesgoingon,about60-70patients’relativesvisitthecenter.

29

Figure 4 Mental Health Center

Figure 5 Livestock feeder road

Figure 6 Isha Police Station

30

5.2.2 Hudur SummaryTheMidnimoprojectinHudurremainsverymuchintheinitialphases.Sofarthroughintensiveplanning,thecommunityhasbeenable toparticipate inaCBPprocesswhichwas theconsultationphase.ThismeetingwhichinvolvedofficialsfromlocalauthorityandotherarmsofregionalgovernmentwasabletoproduceaCAPwhichistobefacilitated,implementedandmonitoredbytheCoreFacilitationTeam(CFT),CommunityActionGroup(CAG)andCommunityBasedMonitoringandEvaluation(CBM&E)committee.TheCAPalbeitextensive,willkickstartwithfourprojectsasprioritizedbythecommunitynamely,rehabilitationofthecourthouse,policestation,prisonandfencingofthemarket.TheMCHandairportroadrehabilitationthroughcashforworkisinthepreparationstages.Noconcreteevidenceregardingimpactcanbereportedregardingtheaforementionedprojectsastherehavebeenseveredelaysintheirimplementation.However,thecommunityhasidentifiedtheparticipatoryprocesssofartobebeneficialtothecommunityinbringingaboutcohesionandintegration;improvingtherelationshipbetweenthecommunityandlocalauthority;andrespondingtotheneedofthecommunity.Thecommunityremainshopefuloftheprojectbutemphasizestheneedforthetimely implementation for the community to benefit equitably. Recommendations from the communitysuggestthatprojectimplementationshouldbecarriedoutasperschedule.Thedelayshavehadanimpactonother recommendation, especially the suggestion that theprojectactivities shouldbeexpanded to includeWASH, livelihoods and schools – which are all in the action plan but remain in the pipeline. Otherrecommendationsareincentives;financialandtechnicalsupportofthecommittees.NotingthecomplexityofworkinginHudur,whichisonlysafelyaccessiblebyairforinternationalagencies,greaterinvolvementofthegovernmentandotheragenciesinimplementingCAPwouldhelpachievedistrictpriorities.EffectivenessandEfficiencyThecommunityhasavisionofbeing stableeconomically,politicallyandsociallywhich theyhope thatthrough the CBP and subsequent implementation of the CAP the stated visions will be achieved. Theinvolvement of the local government is said to be high. Local authority led the project and was theinterphase between the donors and the community. They also solve domestic issues and providedprotection and other social services. The involvement of the local authority in reaching out to thecommunityandensuringtheirparticipationhasresultedwiththecommunityhavingahighsatisfactionsofarwiththeproject.MembersofthecommunityparticipatedintheCBPprocessesandwereabletoraisechallengesfacingthecommunity,proposebeneficiariesandthenreverttothecommunitywhatwasdiscussedinthemeetings.The meetings discussed an array of challenges which resulted in an extensive action plan, but thecommunityprioritizedtherehabilitationofthecourthouse,prisonandpolicestationaswellasfencingofthelocalmarket.Theselectedcommunityprojectsimmediatelyseektotackletheissueofinsecurity,offerpathwaystoconflictresolution,andpromotelawandorder. Ontheotherhand,thetownplanisaimedatunlocking resources for the implementation of further CAP priority projects. The Mayor and CouncilmemberpresentedthetownplantoMoI,MoPICandMoPWon26-27thSeptember2018inBaidoa.Therewasthecreationofcommunity-basedcommittees,theseincludedtheCFT,CBM&EandCAGs.Thesecommittees are responsible for community consultations for project implementation; conductingcampaignsandawarenessinthecommunity;shareinformationwiththecommunityandrepresenttheirviewsand;solvingconflictanddisputewithinthecommunity.Thementionedcommitteesalsoreceivedtrainingaccordingtotheirrespectiveroleswhichrespondedtogovernmentgaps.DatafromthefieldsuggeststhattheselectionprocesswasfairbecauseitwasreportedthatthoseinvolvedintheCBPswerenominatedbyvariouscommunitiestorepresentthem.TheserepresentativescomefromIDPs,returneesandhostcommunities.Theelders,religiousleaders,youthandwomenwereselectedfromthecommunitystructures.Similarly,selectionofmemberstoCAG,CBM&EandCFTwereconsideredfair.Theselectionwasspearheadedbythelocalauthoritythroughcommunityconsultations.MemberoftheCBM&Erevealedthattheselectionofindividualstothegroupswasbasedoncontext,experienceandwork-relatedfieldinordertodeterminetheircompetencyinthevariouscommittees.Accordingtothedatathereweretwoinstanceswheretherewasachallengeinselectingtheteamsandgroups.AccordingtoaCAGmember,individualsinitiallywentinwithself-interest.Theotherchallengewasindealingwiththehighnumber of people that were interested in joining groups such as the CAG/CBM&E but there was arestrictiononnumbers.Inalltheseinstancesthelocalauthorityintervened.Thisemphasizesthelevelof

31

involvement of the local authority in taking on the leadership of the project, their involvement in theselectioncriterialegitimizestheprocessforthecommunityasithasbeenindicatedbythedata.Theeffectivenessoftheprojectcannotbefullydeterminedasallthepriorityprojectsagreeduponareinthepipelineandhavenotyetbeenimplemented.Thereisnocertaintyonthecausesofdelaysbutaccordingto an informant at the local authority, the delays are said to be caused by difficulties between thegovernmentandIOM,whichaccordingtoanotherinformanthasbeenachallengeforthegovernmentasthere is mounting pressure from the community regarding the delays. There is although a positiveperceptionoftheprojectanditsexpectationsasfarasinclusionofwomenandyouthinthedevelopmentprocess.ReturneesandIDPsareexpectedtobenefitfromtheirinclusionintermsofsettlements.Overalltheconsultationprocessisbenefitingthecommunitythroughthestrengtheningoflocalauthoritycapacitytodeliverservices.FocusgroupdiscussionswithIDPandreturneecommunitiesinthetownmentionthattheirpriorityneedsofschools,hospitalsaremostimportantfordisplacedpersons,butwhenlookingatthe4priorityprojectsinthetown,itisclearthereisadisparitybetweenwhatthedisplacedcommunityneedsandtheprojectsinpipeline for implementation.Furthermore,discussionswith IDPsandreturneesmention livelihoods,WASH,education,protectionandshelteraskeyactivities,whichareallpriorityprojectunder theCAP,however,theyarenotimplementingandbutnoneofthe4priorityprojects,isansweringtheirneeds.Inlinewith the findings fromdiscussionswithdisplaced groups andhaving reviewedCAPpriorities, thefollowingprojectsisreportedtobemoreeffectiveinpromotingdurablesolutionsforIDPsandreturneesthanthecurrent4inthepipeline:

• Rehabilitationofmainhospital • Vocationaltrainingscenters/skills• Installationofpipedwatersystem • SettlementsforIDPsLead • ConstructionofMCH• Borehole • CommunallatrinesforIDPs • Rehabilitation/constructionofIslamicschools

ImpactSincetheprojectisfacingdelaysinitsimplementation,thenoticeableachievementsaccordingtoFGDsandKIIsarethecreationoftheCFTs,CBM&EandCAGwhicharefacilitatingtheprojectandthetrainingthatmembersofthesecommitteesarereceiving.Forinstance,theCFTsreceivedtrainingonhowtoengagewiththecommunityandcreateawarenessoftheproject;conductcommunityconsultations;planandorganizetheproject implementation team.The trainings had an impact as far as transfer of skills to the locals.According to KII with a member of the CFT, the training was relevant to their roles and created anunderstandingofprojectimplementationandprojectsustainability.Socialcohesionandintegrationduetotheinclusiveconsultationmeetingshavewidelybeenidentifiedaspositive outcomes. The CBP processes helped the community to come together and have meaningfuldiscussionsonwaysinwhichtoimprovethecommunity,makingthemputtheirdifferencesaside.Socialactivities such as the sports events had an impact on integrating the community as well, especiallyreturneesandIDPS,whoserelationshipwiththerestofthecommunitycouldbecharacterizedasbadorirregular.Inaddition,consultationwithgovernmentstructuresandthelocalcommunitytowardsMidnimoprojecthasresultedinanimprovedrelationshipconsideringthatthelocalgovernmentonlyhadagoodrelationshipwiththebusinesscommunity.DiscussionswithvulnerablewomeninthecommunityrevealedthatanotherimpactoftheCBPprocessesisthatthecommunityfeelsliketheprojecthastakentimeindoingacommunityneedsassessmentandthattheyarebeingprioritizedintheresultingprojectactivities.Thedatashowsthattheconsultationprocesseswerehighlyvaluedandparticipationinsuchforumsisimportantforthecommunity.TheCBPmadeanimpactandissomethingthatthecommunityhaslearntasaresultoftheproject.

32

6. Sustainability

“Thegovernmentwillcontinuetheirengagementwiththecommunitybecausetheycareaboutthecommunitysomuch.TheyhavebeensometimesengagingwiththecommunityevenbeforetheMidnimo

project.MyopinionisthatthisgovernmentwillremainactivewiththecommunityeventheprojectMidnimocomestoanend.”-CAGMemberinBaidoa

TheMidnimoprojectisseenassustainablebecauseoftheownership,involvementandeffortsinbuildingcapacitiesoflocalstructureandgovernmenttotakeforwardcommunityprioritiesbasedonfindingsfromtheevaluation,activitiesdeemedmostsustainableareallthoserelatedtotherehabilitation/constructionof community infrastructure, because the communities believe all these projects are sustainableinvestmentsthatwouldcontinuetoprovidebenefitstothecommunitybeyondthedurationofMidnimo.Forvulnerablegroupsitisnotonlytherehabilitationoftheinfrastructureandimprovementinserviceswhichisimportant,itisalsothelessonslearnedoninclusivity,communitydrivenconsultation,dialogueandjointplanningthattheyseeashavingreducedtensions.CommunityintegrationandsocialcohesionhelpsinensuringthattheIDPsandreturneesareabsorbedintothecommunityasmembersinthelongrunisseenassustainable.ThegovernmentallocationoflandforIDPsandreturnees,asseeninBaidoaandKismayo,hopefullyensuresthattheygettenuresecurityorlandownershiprights.Theskills,competenciesandknowledgeprovidedthroughtrainingshavecreatedtechnicallysustainablegroupsbutmembershaveexpressed theneed formore trainings tobeprovided.Financially,however,thereareworriesthatthesegroupscannotsustainthemselveswithoutthesupportoftheMidnimoproject,andthishasbeenacknowledgedbygroups/committeemembersandMidnimoprojectstaff.Communitygroupmembersworkonavoluntarybasisanddonot receiveany financial incomenorallowances foractivitiesrelatedtoMidnimo,whichhasimplicationsonthemotivationandmoraleofmembersofthesegroups.Membersof theCAG,CFT,CDRC,CBM&Erequireadditional support fromMidnimo inorder tobecome fully sustainable, technically, and financially; members of these groups/teams/committeesmentionedincentivesorsalariesasnecessaryandthatfundsperprojectshouldbeincreased.Theyalsomentionedadditional capacitybuilding trainings, as it clear that capacity canbebuilt only throughoutcontinuoustrainingandtestingofparticipant’sskills.Furthermore,communitygroupmembersrequireallowances and aworking base such as an officewhere they canwork from, an important point alsoemphasizedbyprojectstaff.ThedevelopmentoftheBaidoadistrictcommunityconsultationdraftisseenasasustainableaspectasitlaysoutcommunitypriorities.Thecommunityactionplansawoutofthe28prioritiesabout16havebeenselectedbyotherNGOs.Also,theprojectsupportedthedevelopmentifthelandlawinconjunctionwiththegovernmentwhichsupportscityplanningandareabasedplanningapproaches.Itisyettopassthroughparliament,butparticipantsinterviewedhavehopeitwillasitwasseenasinclusive.BaidoaUrbanprofilethatwasdevelopedjointlybythecommunityisseenassustainable.InKismayo,theCommunityActionPlanbook,detailingallpriorities forKismayo,wasdeveloped through theMidnimoproject,and itnowoffersa referencepoint for localand international stakeholderson thepriorities for thecommunity inKismayo.Thisisasustainableachievement,asthisbooknowformsthebasisforinterventionsinKismayoaimingatsupportingcommunity-baseddevelopment.Here,thelandcommission,aimingatdealingwithissuesofdisplacementtargetingIDPsandreturnees,wascreatedduringtheimplementationofMidnimo,and this is a step towards building sustainable institutions with capacities to support displacedcommunities.ItshouldbenotedthattheJubbalandgovernmentisleadinginsupportingdisplacedgroupswithJRIAanditscurrentstrategyistorelocateIDPstofromthegovernmentbuildingsandprivatelandsto a new village (new Kismayo) where they will be offered land with permanent buildings withneighbouring social amenities fordurable solution supportedby thegovernment.This strategywillbeimplementedwithclosecollaborationwithIOM,UN-HabitatandARCandispartofthegovernment’splanonpromotingdurablesolutions.InterviewswiththestatelevelministriesandlocalauthorityinalltargetlocationspointtothewillingnessofthegovernmentintakingforwardtheMidnimoprojectthroughtheimplementationoftheCAPpriorities.Thereis,however,noindicationbasedontheinterviewswithgovernmentrepresentativesthatadditionalfunds have been mobilized and priorities implemented without direct support of IOM and Habitat.InterviewswithlocalauthorityinKismayoandBaidoa,forexampleshowthatthegovernmentisactivelysearchingforadditionalfundingandlookingatthedonorcommunitiestoimplementprojects.InDollow,

33

thelocalauthorityevenconfirmstheyhavebeeninvolvedinfundraisingandcollectingmoneyfromthelocal community to support project implementation, andmost importantly, there is an understandingamongstgovernmentstakeholdersgenerallythatwithorwithoutMidnimosupport,thegovernmentshouldleadintheprogrammebecauseMidnimoisnotexpectedtoimplementallthecommunityprojects.Thispoint should be taken forward the CAGs and CBM&E during the CAP quarterly meetings, and thegovernment should support fundraising (including revenue allocation), and to follow up withcommitmentsmade.Focusgroupdiscussionsinalllocationsconfirmthatwidercommunitymembersareawareofthegovernment’sleadandfullinvolvementinMidnimo,therefore,sustainabilitydependentuponthe government’s lead in addressing the high community expectations that more projects will beimplemented.Inconclusion,theevaluationfoundthatMidnimoisnotyetfullysustainablewhenlookingattheeffectivenessof thecommunityandgovernment to fundraiseand implementontheirown,withoutexternalsupport.IfonelooksatthesettingupoftheCAPs,andtheworkonurbanplanningandlandlaws,however,theprojecthasmadeeffortsinbuildingsustainablestrategiestoactasreference,andthefactthatotheragencieslikeUNHCR,UNICEF,ILO,NRC,DRC,FCAareworkingcloselywithMidnimoisagoodindicationthat theprojects iscreatingtheenvironment for futuresustainabilityand implementationofCAPsnotonlybyIOMandUNHabitat.ThereisalsoacommonunderstandingatJPLGagencylevelthattheCAPcanbeusedasaDistrictDevelopmentPlan(DDP)untilthesystemsandstructuresareinplacetodraftafinalDDPasperthePublicExpenditureManagement(PEM)cycle.

7. RecommendationsTheevaluationteamhasdevelopedthefollowingevidence-basedrecommendationsbasedonthefindingsofthemid-termevaluation.Therecommendationsaredividedintothosethatapplyforalllocations,andrecommendationswhicharedistrictspecific. 7.1 GeneralRecommendations 7.1.1 Strategiclevelrecommendations • Revise quotas on women participation in community-based groups: women form a large

percentageofthoseinvolvedinCBPprocesses,andinalllocations,theroleofwomenandinclusivenatureoftheMidnimoprojectwaspraisedbyallstakeholdersinterviewed.Nevertheless,theprojectdidnotmeetthequotaforrepresentationincommunity-basedgroups,therefore,targetsshouldberevisedtoachieverealisticwomenparticipationinthesegroups.Itcouldbearguedthattheinclusivenatureoftheprojectthroughactiveengagementofsocio-economicgroupsseemedtohavecontributedmorestronglytothesuccessoftheprogramme,despitethelowernumberofwomenrepresentedinthegroupsthanoriginallyintended.

• Develop joint workplans with other agencies for CAP implementation: CAPs are used as areferencepointforvariousagencies,andtopromotecoordinationandcollaborationsamongstPBFandnonPBFfundedprogrammes,commonworkplanswithotherkeyprogrammesuchasRoLs,JPLG,SSF,TIScouldbedevelopedtoachieveddistrictpriorities.Currently,thegovernmentinvitesallactorstothe CAP launch and quarterly CAP reviewmeetings, duringwhich it is responsible for identifyingcommitmentsfromotheragencies/organizationsandfollowinguponthesecommitments.Thisforumcanformthebasisfordiscussionofjoinworkplanandstrategicimplementationbetweenagencies.

• Developstandardizedcriteriaforprojectselection:standardcriteriaforpriorityprojectselectionandprojectdevelopmentshouldbeappliedconsistentlyinalllocationsandCFTmembersshouldbetrainedonthesecriteriaaccordingly,aswellastheapplicationofcommunityplanningandarea-basedplanning approaches. The project could look into developing an overall “scorecard” outlining astandardsetofcriteria(forexample inclusiveness,sustainabilityplan,gendermainstreaming),andscoringeachoftheprojectsimplementedinthetargetlocations,whichcouldhelpinpromotingamorestandardizedapproachwithintheMidnimoproject.

7.1.2 Projectbasedrecommendations • Allocate funds to coverallowances, salaries for community-basedgroupmembers: itwill be

difficulttosustaintheworkofcommunity-basedgroupswhentheyworkonavoluntarybasis,withno

34

incentives.Revisingcurrentfundallocationsorexpandingthebudgetwhichisseenaslimitingbyallstakeholders,couldcoverallowances,salariesandofficespaceformembersofthesecommittees.Itcouldbearguedthatthisisaresponsibilityofthecommunity,whoshouldbeabletosupporttheirowncommunitystructurestoholdgovernmentaccountable,however,takingintoaccounttherealitiesofoperatinginSomalia,andthelevelofpovertyanddifficultiesfacinglocalcommunities,itisunlikelythatthiswouldbepossible.ItisthereforeintheinterestofMidnimotoconductananalysisofthetimeandeffortinvolvedinbeingpartofgroups/committees,andassesstheresourcesrequiredandmeanstoobtainthoseresources.Onesuggestioncouldbetoencouragecontributionsfromthegovernmentandthecommunity,tomatchtheamountrequiredforthesegroupmemberstooperate.Contributionscould be in the form of in-kind assistance or direct financial support so that community andgovernmentaretakingforwardtheoperationofthegroups.Furthermore,financialsupportshouldbeinlinewiththeconcretedeliverablesfromthecommunity-basedgroups.

• ProvideaccesstofinanceforyouthfromIDP,returneesandlow-levelincomehostcommunitiesandpersonswithdisabilities:cashforworkprovidesshort-termcashreliefforIDPsandreturnees,but to create longer-term employment, promoting self-employment through provision of micro-finance to vulnerable groups can create job opportunities. The Midnimo project should exploreopportunitiestoprovideaccesstofinanceandbusinesstrainingforyouthandpersonswithdisabilitiesasastrategytocreatelong-termjobs.

• Expandbeyondurbanareas:Semiurbanareasandruralareasexperiencemoreproblemandfacemoredifficulties;therefore,onestrongrecommendationistoexpandtoruralareasinSouthWestStateandJubbalandinordertoreachmorepeople,andmostimportantly,todeveloprealisticapproachestomitigateforeseeablelogisticalchallengesinmoreremoteareas.

• Thecommitteesshouldbehandledinamoreprofessionalmanner:Inthetargetlocations,somemembers of committee are not aware of ToRs (which have actually been developed) and believeagreements were verbal, while somemembers mention written agreements, while other refer toinformalagreements.MainstreamingtheexistingToRswithsignedagreementsshouldbeconsideredasawaytoinstitutionalizecommittees/groupsandmakesureallmembersareawareofthisdocument.

• Train community leaders and government on fundraising: improving fundraising skills is anecessary activity to help community leaders and government in unlocking more resources toimplementprojectsandmaintaincommunity-basedgroups.TheCAPisaguidingdocument,butitisnotinthescopeoftheMidnimoprojecttoimplementallpriorities,butcapacitiesshouldbebuilttoensurethatcommunitystructureandthegovernmentareabletochannelfundingtoCAPfromotherdonors,agencies,aswellastheprivatesector.

7.2 DistrictSpecificRecommendations 7.2.1 Kismayo • Expand community projects to include support to health facilities and road rehabilitation:

accesstohealthcareisoneoftheprioritiesforthecommunities,andwithhighinfantmortalityrates,mother and childhealth services are critical. TheMidnimo project should considerprioritizing theupgradingorrehabilitationofexistinghealthfacilities/mobileclinicsorMCHclinicstoprovidehealthservicestothecommunities.Roadsinfrastructureispoorandroadrehabilitationisapriorityforthecommunity,which could ease access to basic facilities for displaced communities in IDP/returneecamps/settlements.

• Providemore trainings throughout projects period or refresher trainings. Capacity buildingtraining is a core component of the projects, but participants of trainingswould like to seemorefrequenttrainingsprovidedaspartoftheMidnimoprojecttoenhancetechnicalskills,especiallyforlocalauthoritiesandCDRC.

• Implement longer-term and more sustainable projects: stakeholders believe that largercommunityprojectsshouldbeimplementedandthesewouldrequiremorefinancialresourcesthanthe$40,000allocateforthecurrentprojects.Midnimodoesnotlimitfinancesto$40,000,butratherbasisfinancialallocationsonthetypeandscaleofprojects,hencefocusingonfewerbutlargerprojectsthatcanpotentiallyhavegreaterimpactsshouldbeexplored.

35

7.2.2 Dollow • Re-assess project priorities based on the need of IDPs and returnees: construction of health

facilities(whichisinfactapriorityprojecttobeimplementedthroughtheconstructionoftheMCHintheIDPcamp),roadrehabilitation,micro-financeandpromotingyouthentrepreneurshipandskillsareallprojectsthatIDPsandreturneesseeascriticaltouplifttheirsituation.Farmirrigation,sanitation,constructionandrehabilitationofschoolsandMadrasas,andtheconstructionofsheltershavealsobeenrecommendedbymembersofcommunitygroups.For localauthoritiesTVETtrainingand jobplacementsforyoutharekey.Thelocalauthorityacknowledgedthatprioritizingthecommunityneedsandselectingactivitieswasinitiallyverydifficultbecausethecommunityraisedmanydifferentissues,hencere-assessingprioritieswouldbeappropriate.

• Providemore trainings for community-based groups and local authority: the project shouldmaximizeonthenumberoftrainingsprovidedtotheCAG,CBM&E,andlocalauthoritytostrengthencapacitiesofthesegroupstobetechnicallysustainable.Currently,thesegroupsdonotbelievetheirsufficientlytrainedtooperate.

7.2.3 Baidoa • Increase regional coordination: through bringing together Jubbaland and South West state

stakeholderstosharesuccessesandfailureforlearningpurposes.Alsoexpandcollaborationwithlocalandfederalinstitutionswasrecommendedbymembersoflocalauthority.

• Improve/adapttoamoreflexibleprocess:thatdoesnotcausedelaysintheimplementationoftheproject suchasprocurement andpaymentprocesses as recommendedbymembers at all levelsofrespondent.

• Pursuethearea-basedplanningapproach:Small-scaleprojectsare important inBaidoa,but thehugeproblemofmassforcedevictionsremains,preparingandmanaginglargere-settlinginitiativescontinues to be a huge challenge. Keeping the ongoing efforts on land legislation and firstimplementationstepsundertheprojectiskey.

7.2.4 Hudur • Establishstrongerinformationsharing/feedbacksystemincaseofdelaysinimplementation:

Delaysremainamajorfrustrationandshortcominginthislocationasperceivedbythecommunity.Intheeventofdelays,thecommunityshouldbekeptinformedbythelocalauthorityinordertoguaranteethecontinuedsupportandgoodwillofthecommunityasthedelaysinimplementationarestartingtocreatetensionwithinthecommunity.DuringCAPquarterlyreviewmeetings,thegovernmentshouldfullyinformcommunitiesonprogress,challenges,andmitigationmeasuresfordeliveringactivities.

• Expandcommunityprojects tocovermoresectors: For truly sustainableanddurable solutionsmore interventions in the areas of livelihood,WASH, education, protection and shelter need to beincorporated.Thisisstatedasarecommendationduetotheprojectslackoftimelyimplementation.Improvedlivelihoodsweretooccurviathecashforworkintheconstructionoftheidentifiedprojects,butduetodelays,thishasnotyetbeenachieved.LinkagestotheJPLGprogrammetostrengthenlocalinstitutionsintakingtheleadforlocaleconomicdevelopmentandapplythetowndevelopmentplancanhelpunlockingresourcestoimplementotherimportantprojects.

040219 Axiom ME MIDNIMO DRAFT FINAL REPORT IOM with ... · CFT Core Facilitation Team ... PBF Peace...

Documents

Transcript of 040219 Axiom ME MIDNIMO DRAFT FINAL REPORT IOM with ... · CFT Core Facilitation Team ... PBF Peace...