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Starting System Principles Uses battery power

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AUTOMOTIVE STARTING

SYSTEMS Starter Circuit

Electric DC Motor(starter motor)

Solenoid or Relay

Gear Drive Switches& Controls

Wiring Testing

Removing Starter

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STARTING SYSTEM PARTS Battery

Ign i t ion sw itch

Solenoid

Star t ing m otor

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STARTER

CIRCUIT

Battery / Cables

Magnetic

Switches Solenoids

Pull in Windings Hold in Windings Pinion Gear

Starter Relay

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Starter Circuit Simplified

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Starter Solenoid Functions

* Close battery to

starter connection * Push pinion gear

into fly wheel

* Bypass the

resistance wire ofignition circuit

Move the starter

dr ive in to mesh w .

f lywheel

Complete the

starter circu i t

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Starting System Action

Energizes solenoid

Current flows to

Solenoid

Turn key

Connects current to

starter motor

Motor turns flywheel Turns crankshaft

Moves pistons up and down

1

Turns starterion forward

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Starter System Action cont.

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Starter Motor Fundamentals

Converts Electrical Energy

From Battery

Into

Mechanical Energy

TORQUE

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DC MOTOR Basic

Components Housings and

End Frames

Pole Shoes

(magnets) Field Coils

(windings) x 3 or 4 Arm ature (spin s)

Commutator

Brushes x4

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MOTOR OPERATION

Magnetic Field Action

made of invisible lines of force (flux)

flow through wire flow around wire alike charges repel Dissimilar Charges attract(spinning action) Used to produce motion

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DRIVE MECHANISM

Positive engagement

Movable pole shoe

Solenoid-actuated Gear reduction drive

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Simple Electric Motors

Wire loop field

Set up between

poles POLE SHOES

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Commutators and Brushes

Used to keep motor spinning by controlling current passing through windings

commutator

Sliding electrical connection Between motor windings and brushes Many segments Insulated from each other

Motor brushes Ride on comutator (slide on commutator) Carry current to spinning windings

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Commutators and Brushes

Increasing Motor Power

several windings

wires Commutator

several segments

constant smooth motion

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Armatures

Must produce HIGH torque

turning power relatively high speed

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Starter Armature parts

shaft

supports windings/armature

inside housing

Core (holds windings in place) made of iron (Fe)

increases magnetic field strength

Commutator

for brush contact Windings

wires

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Pinion gear mechanism

Pinion gear

Clutch

Housing

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Starter Pinion Gears

Small gear on armature shaft

Engages to flywheel

Meshes

Fly Wheel Turns Engine

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Overrunning Clutch

Locks pinion gear in one direction

Releases it in other direction

Spiral grooves in shaft

Al lows star ter motor to crank the

engine

Protects the star ter from damage i f

the star ter is cranked whi le the eng ine

is running

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Starter Solenoid

High current relay

Makes electrical connection between

Battery & starter Electromagnetic switch

Handle VERY HIGH currents

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Starter Solenoid Operation

Key turned (start position)

Current flows through solenoids windings

Produces magnetic field Pulls plunger and disc into coil windings

Causes disc to touch both high current

terminals

Completes circuit battery to starter

Current of 150-200A

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Solenoid

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Key Released

Current disconnected

Magnetic field collapses

Plunger slides back

Starter shuts off

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Increasing Motor Power

Several windings

Wires

Comutator

Several segments

Constant smooth motion

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RELATED MOTOR

TERMINOLOGY

Left hand or right hand rule

Torque

Current Draw

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STARTER DRIVE END

Connects the armatureshaft to the flywheel.

Usually shifted out by thesolenoid.

Contains an over- runningclutch for protection.

Pinion gear meshes withthe flywheel ring gear.

Returned to the rest

position by a spring.

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SOLENOID

A linear motor

Contains two windings a

pull-in and a hold-in

winding. Pushes the starter

drive(pinion) into mesh

with the flywheel ring

gear. Completes the circuit to

the motor.

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CONTROL CIRCUIT

Starting

Safety Switch

Neutral SafetySwitch

Ontransmission

On Clutch

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Starting Motor Types

classified by:

kind of pinion gear engagement

moveable pole shoe solenoid

Movable pole shoe uses a yoke Y

moves pinion gear hinged shoe on

starter frame

yoke links pole shoe & pinion gear

I t l M t Ci it

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Internal Motor Circuits

3 common internal

connections

Series maximum torque

torque decreasesthroughout cranking

Shunt Less torque

More constant torque Compound

series/shunt good toque

constant speed

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Neutral Safety Switch

prevents cranking

unless in P or N

Ford - brake on

LOCATION

Connected in ser ies w i th the ign i t ion

sw i tch and so leno id

shifter or transmission

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Starter Relay

Uses small current to

control

a

LARGERcurrent

Computer controls circuit(mV)

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Starter Types

Starter Mounted Solenoids

plunger moves shift lever

GM/Chrysler Permanent Magnet Starter

Use high strength permanent magnets

NOT CONVENTIONAL WINDINGS

= MORE torque

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Starter Motor Torque

Must turn engine all components

Can Not Stall

Reduction starter extra set of gears increase rotating force higher speeds

higher torque more constant cranking speeds

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Problems

Starter relay or soleno id cl ic ks

low battery charge Whin ing

Plunger stuck Grinding

Poor engagement

Slow turn Low battery Internal sho rt

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Battery Load Test

VAT 40

All Accessories on

CCA

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Test

Cranking Voltage

DVOM across battery Cranking Current

Test

Inductive Pick Up Current draw

150-200 AMPS

Voltage Drop Test

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Tests Test Relay

Ground Circuit

Resistance Test

Starter Relay BypassTest

Ground test

Bench test

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Starter Motor Disassembly