03-Reciprocating Gas Compressors 1.0
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Transcript of 03-Reciprocating Gas Compressors 1.0
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1. Print slides 2-66 as note pages and distribute
2. Print slide 67 as a slide and distribute
3. Print slide 68 as a slide but do not distribute
4. Click on Slide Show, view slide show to start the show
5. Hit escape to end show.
6. If any icons ( ) appear in the bottom left of any slide, touch
on the icon to animate the slide. Hit escape to stop the animation
and return to the slide. Move the cursor slightly before advancing
to the next slide.
7. After tests are taken, grade them and multiply the number
correct by 10 to get a percentage. Write the percentage on the test
and send them to your district training record keeper for processing.
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Reciprocating GasCompressors
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100psi
10psi
Gas well Gas pipeline
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10psi
105psi
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Applications
for
Gas compressors
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Gas Injection
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Gas Lift
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Gas Gathering
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Coal Seam Gas Evacuation
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Gas Storage
open
open
closed
closed
Summer
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Gas Storage
closed
closed
open
open
Winter
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Gas Transmission
Station 1 Station 2
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WATER STEAM
Gas Turbine
Fuel Booster Co-generation (Co-gen)
application
GENERATOR TURBINE ENGINE
BOILER
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Larger diameter cylinders are for lower
pressures. Gas, at a lower pressure,
occupies more space.
The size of the cylinder is determined by the
pressure and quantity of the gas to be
compressed.
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Smaller diameter cylinders are for
higher pressures. Gas, at a higher
pressure, occupies less space.
The size of the cylinder is determined by the
pressure and quantity of the gas to be
compressed.
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CYLINDER BORE
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INLET VALVES
DISCHARGE VALVES
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Differential pressure opens
the inlet valves.
50 psi
45 psi
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Springs inside the valve
close the valve.
50 psi
50 psi
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Differential pressure holds
the inlet valve closed.
50 psi
105 psi
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100 psi
100 psi
Springs inside the valve
close the valve.
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45 psi
100 psi
Differential pressure holds
the discharge valves closed.
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Valve internals
SEAT PLATE
DAMPING PLATE
DAMPING SPRINGS
CLOSING SPRINGS
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What causes the pressure
changes in the cylinder bore?
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~ r (length of bore)2
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PISTON ROD PISTON
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PISTON ROD
OIL IN
VENT
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114.7 psiA
458.8 psiA
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80 F
320 F
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100
psig
2000
psig
Ex: Overall ratio, when considering absolute, is 17.56 : 1
1st stg= 100-283, 2nd stg= 283-760, 3rd stg= 760-2000(2.6 : 1) (2.6 : 1) (2.6 : 1)
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100 psi
444 psi
“?”
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vent and drain
connections
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C o m p r e s s o r
1 0 1
1 .
C o m p r e s s o r s a l
w a y s h a v e t h e s a m e s i z e c y l i n d e r s n o m a t t e r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n .
2 .
D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s
s u r e o p e r a t e s t h e v a l v e s .
3 .
A s l o n g a s t h e r e
i s e n o u g h h o r s e p o w e r , a s
i n g l e s t a g e c o m p r e s s o r c a n b e u s e d f o r
a n y r a t i o .
4 .
E x c e s s i v e r a t i o a c r o s s a c y l i n d e r c a n r e s u l t i n e x c e s s i v e p i s t o n r o d l o
a d a n d
t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e .
5 .
T h e p u r p o s e o f a p i s t o n i s t o c h a n g e v o l u m
e w i t h i n t h e c y l i n d e r .
6 .
A c y l i n d e r c a n o
n l y b e o p e r a t e d a s d o u b l e
a c t i n g .
7 .
T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f t h e c o m p r e s s o r f r a
m e i s t o c o n v e r t r o t a t i n g m
o t i o n t o
r e c i p r o c a t i n g m o t i o
n .
8 .
A c y l i n d e r c a n b
e m a d e s i n g l e a c t i n g b y r e
m o v i n g a d i s c h a r g e v a l v e
o n o n e
c y l i n d e r e n d .
9 .
L a r g e c y l i n d e r s
a r e n o r m a l l y u s e d f o r h i g h
p r e s s u r e s
1 0 .
P i s t o n r i n g s a r e
a d d e d t o s e a l t h e c l e a r a n c
e b e t w e e n t h e p i s t o n a n d t
h e b o r e .
N a m e :
D a t e :
P e r c e n t a g e :
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C o m p r e s s o r
1 0 1
1 .
C o m p r e s s o r s a l w
a y s h a v e t h e s a m e s i z e c y
l i n d e r s n o m a t t e r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n .
F
2 .
D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s
u r e o p e r a t e s t h e v a l v e s .
T
3 .
A s l o n g a s t h e r e i s e n o u g h h o r s e p o w e r , a s i n g l e s t a g e c o m p r e s s o r c a n
b e u s e d f o r
a n y r a t i o .
F
4 .
E x c e s s i v e r a t i o a
c r o s s a c y l i n d e r c a n r e s u l t
i n e x c e s s i v e p i s t o n r o d l o a
d a n d
t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e .
T
5 .
T h e p u r p o s e o f a
p i s t o n i s t o c h a n g e v o l u m e w i t h i n t h e c y l i n d e r .
T
6 .
A c y l i n d e r c a n o n
l y b e o p e r a t e d a s d o u b l e a
c t i n g .
F
7 .
T h e p r i m a r y p u r p
o s e o f t h e c o m p r e s s o r f r a m e i s t o c o n v e r t r o t a t i n g m
o t i o n t o
r e c i p r o c a t i n g m o t i o n .
T
8 .
A c y l i n d e r c a n b e
m a d e s i n g l e a c t i n g b y r e m
o v i n g a d i s c h a r g e v a l v e o
n o n e
c y l i n d e r e n d .
F
9 .
L a r g e c y l i n d e r s a
r e n o r m a l l y u s e d f o r h i g h
p r e s s u r e s
F
1 0 .
P i s t o n r i n g s a r e a d d e d t o s e a l t h e c l e a r a n c e
b e t w e e n t h e p i s t o n a n d t h
e b o r e .
T