1

MEMBANGUN RENCANA JARINGAN KERJA

PROYEK

4

Project Network

• Tool used for planning, scheduling, and

monitoring project progress

• Developed from WBS

• Graphic flowchart of the project job plan

• Depicts the project activities, the

interdependencies of activities that must be

completed, start time and finish of activities

and critical path

5

Rollup of Network Plans

WP-2

A

B

C

D

E

F

WP-1

WP-4

WP-3

Level 1 - Milestone Plan

Level 2 - Plans

Level 3 - Plans

6

WBS/Work Packages to Network

Circuit

board

Design

cost

account

Production

cost

account

Test

cost

account

Software

cost

account

Lowest

element

O

r

g

a

n

i

z

a

t

i

o

U

n

i

t

s

DesignWP D-1-1 Specifications

WP D-1-2 Documentation

ProductionWP P-10-1 Proto 1

WP P-10-2 Final Proto 2

Test systemsWP T-13-1 Test

SoftwareWP S-22-1 Software preliminary

WP S-22-1 Software final version

B

Proto 1

5

D

Final

proto 2

4

A

Specifications

and documentation

2

C

Preliminary

software

3

F

Final

software

2

K

Test

3

A

D-1-1

D-1-2

B

P-10-1

D

P-10-2

F

S-22-2

K

T-13-1

C

S-22-1

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Constructing a Project Network

• Two Approaches:– Activity on Node

– Activity on Arch

• Basic rules:– Network flows typically from the left to right

– An activity cannot begin until all preceding connected activities have been completed

– Arrows on network indicate precedence and flow. Arrows can cross over each other

– Each activity should have a unique identification number

– An activity identification number must be larger than that of activities that precede it

– Looping is not allowed

– Conditional statements is not allowed

– Experience suggest that when there are multiple starts, a common start node can be used to indicate a clear project beginning on the network. Similarly, a single project end node can be used to indicate a clear ending.

8

Activity on Arch

Menggambarkan

kejadian/event

Menggambarkan Aktivitas

9

Contoh 1

Aktivitas Aktivitas yang Mendahului

A B C D

- - A B

1

2

3

4

10

Contoh 2

Aktivitas Aktivitasyang

mendahului

Aktivitas Aktivitasyang

mendahului

ABCD

--AB

EFGH

C, DDEF

11

NETWORK

52

3 4

1

6

7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

D

Dummy

Activity

12

Analisa Lintasan Kritis

13

Tujuannya adalah menentukan :

• ES : Earliest activity start time

• LS : Latest activity start time

• EF : Earliest activity finish time

• LF : Latest activity finish time

• S : Activity slack time (LS - ES) atau (LF - EF)

EF = ES + t

LF = LS + t

S = LS - ES

atau

S = LF - EF

14

No.

Node/

Event

ES

LS

15

Perhitungan Maju & Mundur

1

2

3 4

5

6

7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

D

DU

MM

Y A

CT

IVIT

Y

0

5

4

8

6 7

5

3

4

0

5

4 12

11 / 12

12 19

17

21 / 22

22

22

18

1912

12/13

124

0

6

1/0

ES

LSID

16

Lintasan Kritis

1

2

3 4

5

6

7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

D

DU

MM

Y A

CT

IVIT

Y

0

5

4

8

6 7

5

3

4

0

5

4 12

12 19

17

22

22

18

1912

124

0

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Activity-on-Node Network Fundamentals

X

Y

Z

Y and Z are preceded by X

Y and Z can begin at the

same time, if you wish

(B)

A B C

A is preceded by nothing

B is preceded by A

C is preceded by B

(A)

J

K

L

M

J, K, & L can all begin at

the same time, if you wish

(they need not occur

simultaneously)

All (J, K, L) must be

completed before M can

begin

but

X Z

AAY

(C)

(D)

Z is preceded by X and Y

AA is preceded by X and Y

18

Example

Activity Description Preceding

Activity

Activity

Time

A Application approval None 5

B Construction plan A 15

C Traffic study A 10

D Service availabiality check A 5

E Staff report B, C 15

F Commision approval B, C, D 10

G Wait for construction F 170

H Occupancy E, G 35

ES ID EF

SL

LS Dur LF

Description

Simbol

Activity-on-Node Network Fundamentals

KOLL BUSINESS CENTER

County Engineers Design Department

B

15

Construction

plans

C

10

Traffic

study

D

5

Service

check

A

5

Application

approval

ES ID EF

SL

LS Dur LF

Description

F

10

Commission

approval

G

170

Wait for

construction

H

35

Occupancy

E

15

Staff report

EF

Activity-on-Node Network with Slack

ES ID EF

SL

LS Dur LF

Description

LS EF

KOLL BUSINESS CENTER

County Engineers Design Department

20

15

185

185

10

15

5

20

20

10

20

15

0 A 5

0

0 5 5

Application

approval

5 D 10

10

15 5 20

Service

check

5 B 20

0

5 15 20

Construction

plans

5 C 15

5

10 10 20

Traffic

study

20 F 30

0

20 10 30

Commission

approval

20 E 35

165

185 15 200

Staff report

30 G 200

0

30 170 200

Wait for

construction

200 H 235

0

200 35 235

Occupancy

Air Control Inc., Custom Order

Project—Network Diagram

1 Order

review2

0 2

0 2

2

3

4

5

Software

development

Order

standard

parts

Produce

standard

parts

Design

custom parts

18

2 20

22 40

15

2 17

15 30

10

2 12

5 15

13

2 15

2 15

6

7 8

Manufacture

custom

hardware

Assemble Test

Activity8#

Legend

15

15 30

15 30

10

30 40

30 40

5

40 45

40 45

Duration

ES EF

LS LF

Air Control Inc., Custom Order

Project—Gantt Chart

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49

2

13

15

10

18

15

10

5

Order review

Design custom parts

Order standard parts

Produce standard parts

Software development

Manufacture custom

hardware

Assemble

Test

23

Air Control Inc., Custom Order

Project—Network with Dates

1 Order

review2

1-Jan 2-Jan

1-Jan 2-Jan

2

3

4

5

Software

development

Order

standard parts

Produce

standard parts

Design

custom parts

18

2-Jan 20-Jan

22-Jan 9-Jan

15

2-Jan 17-Jan

15-Jan 30-Jan

10

2-Jan 12-Jan

5-Jan 15-Jan

13

2-Jan 15-Jan

2-Jan 15-Jan

6

7 8

Manufacture

custom

hardware

Assemble Test

Activity8#

Legend

15

15-Jan 30-Jan

15-Jan 30-Jan

10

30-Jan 9-Jan

30-Jan 9-Jan

5

9-Jan 14-Jan

9-Jan 14-Jan

Duration

ES date EF date

LS date LF date

24

Example of Laddering Using

Finish-to-Start Relationship

Trench

1/3

Trench

2/3

Trench

3/3

Lay pipe

1/3

Lay pipe

2/3

Lay pipe

3/3

Refill

1/3

Refill

2/3

Refill

3/3

AON network

25

Finish-to-Start Relationship

X YLag 2

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Start-to-Start Relationship

Activity

M

Activity

N

Activity

P

Activity

Q

Lag 5

A B

27

Use of Lags to Reduce Detail

Trench

1 mile

Lay pipe

1 mile

Lag 3

Refill

1 mile

Lag 3

28

Lag 4Prototype

Testing

Finish-to-Finish Relationship

29

Start-to-Start Relationship

Lag 3

System

documentation

Testing

30

Lag 2

Code

Debug

Lag 4

Combination Relationships

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5 B 15

00

5 10 15

10 D 25

1111

21 15 36

0 A 5

0 0

0 5 5

ES ID EF

SL SL

LS Dur LF

15 E 30

05

30 10 45

30 F 40

05

30 10 45

40 H 50

5 0

45 5 50

15 C 20

5 5

20 5 25

Legend25 G 40

110

36 4 40

Lag 5

Lag 10

Lag 10

Lag 5Lag 10

Network Using Lags

32

5 B 6

0

5 1 6

11 E 21

0

11 10 21

0 A 5

0

0 5 5

ES ID EF

SL

LS Dur. LF

Description

6 D 10

8

14 4 18

10 F 13

8

18 3 21

21 F 25

0

21 4 25

6 C 11

0

6 5 11

Legend5 G 13

Hammock

8

Hammock Activity Example