03 exhaust system

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RECIP. ENGINE RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST EXHAUST SYSTEMSYSTEM

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RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMSYSTEMIntroductionIntroduction

- Purpose ~ to - Purpose ~ to dispose the high temperature and noxious dispose the high temperature and noxious gasesgases of combusted air and fuel mixture of combusted air and fuel mixture

within within the engine to atmosphere.the engine to atmosphere. ~ to operate the engine at its maximum ~ to operate the engine at its maximum

efficiencyefficiency

- - RequirementRequirement of exhaust system : of exhaust system :~ dispose gases to atmosphere with complete safe~ dispose gases to atmosphere with complete safe~ provide against potential destructive action of the ~ provide against potential destructive action of the exhaust gases (nickel-chromium steel)exhaust gases (nickel-chromium steel)~ resist high temp, corrosion and vibration (corrosive ~ resist high temp, corrosion and vibration (corrosive and and heat resistant alloys)heat resistant alloys)~ long trouble free operation with minimum maintenance~ long trouble free operation with minimum maintenance

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RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMSYSTEM

1. 1. Types of exhaust systemTypes of exhaust system : :

1.1 1.1 Short stackShort stack (open system) (open system)

1.2 1.2 Collector systemCollector system

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1.1 1.1 Short StackShort Stack - used on used on non-superchargednon-supercharged and and low powered engineslow powered engines

- it’s a short section of steel tubing welded to a flange and it’s a short section of steel tubing welded to a flange and bolted to cylinder exhaust portbolted to cylinder exhaust port

- effective getting the exhaust out of engine compartmenteffective getting the exhaust out of engine compartment

- - disadvantagesdisadvantages : :~ ~ no silencing capabilityno silencing capability~ as aircraft side-slipped, cold air could flow into these ~ as aircraft side-slipped, cold air could flow into these stacks and stacks and warp warp (bend/twist) the exhaust valve(bend/twist) the exhaust valve

- its removal and installation is simple, just by hold down nuts - its removal and installation is simple, just by hold down nuts

and clampsand clamps

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1.1 1.1 Short StackShort Stack

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1.2 1.2 Collector SystemCollector System- purpose : - purpose :

~ nacelle streamlining~ nacelle streamlining~ noise reduction (muffler)~ noise reduction (muffler)~ power recovery for turbo charging~ power recovery for turbo charging

- used on large non-supercharged and turbocharged - used on large non-supercharged and turbocharged engineengine

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- in in non-supercharged enginenon-supercharged engine, it improves cowling , it improves cowling streamlining and provides easier maintenance in streamlining and provides easier maintenance in cowling areacowling area

- in in turbocharged engineturbocharged engine, the exhaust gases is , the exhaust gases is collected and routed to turbinecollected and routed to turbine

- it collects all the cylinder exhaust gas into one pipe it collects all the cylinder exhaust gas into one pipe to be dischargedto be discharged

- it is installed on : - it is installed on : ~ oppose engine~ oppose engine~ radial engine~ radial engine

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1.2 1.2 Collector SystemCollector System

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1.2.1 1.2.1 Opposed Engine Exhaust Manifold Opposed Engine Exhaust Manifold

- consist of : - consist of : ~ risers from each engine~ risers from each engine~ collector on each side of engine~ collector on each side of engine~ ~ crossover tubecrossover tube (on some system) that connects (on some system) that connects the the left engine collector and right collectorleft engine collector and right collector~ ~ spring loaded ball jointsspring loaded ball joints (to join the sections of (to join the sections of

exhaust system)exhaust system)

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RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMSYSTEM1.2.1 1.2.1 Opposed Engine Exhaust ManifoldOpposed Engine Exhaust Manifold

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- the ball joint must be tightened in such way that it is the ball joint must be tightened in such way that it is loose enough for expansionloose enough for expansion but but tight enough to tight enough to prevent leakageprevent leakage

- the ball joint also the ball joint also compensate for slight compensate for slight misalignment of partsmisalignment of parts

- the collector tube may be routed to : - the collector tube may be routed to : ~ turbocharger~ turbocharger~ muffler~ muffler~ augmentor~ augmentor~ overboard~ overboard

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RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMSYSTEM1.2.1 1.2.1 Opposed Engine Exhaust ManifoldOpposed Engine Exhaust Manifold

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1.2.2 1.2.2 Radial Engine Exhaust Collector RingsRadial Engine Exhaust Collector Rings - it is made up of pieces of tubing radially fitted - it is made up of pieces of tubing radially fitted

together with loose slip joint together with loose slip joint

- the - the slip jointslip joint are for : are for :~ alignment of exhaust components~ alignment of exhaust components~ expansion and contraction when engine is ~ expansion and contraction when engine is running thus eliminate leakage running thus eliminate leakage

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1.2.2 1.2.2 Radial Engine Exhaust Collector RingsRadial Engine Exhaust Collector Rings

Telescoping jointTelescoping joint

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- on each section of collector is bolted to a on each section of collector is bolted to a bracketbracket on blower section of engine, on blower section of engine, supported by sleeve connection between supported by sleeve connection between collector ring port and short stack on engine collector ring port and short stack on engine exhaust portexhaust port

- exhaust tailpipe joined to collector ring by - exhaust tailpipe joined to collector ring by telescoping jointtelescoping joint to allow slack for removal to allow slack for removal of segments of collector ring without of segments of collector ring without removing tailpiperemoving tailpipe

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1.2.2 1.2.2 Radial Engine Exhaust Collector RingsRadial Engine Exhaust Collector Rings

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RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST RECIP. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMSYSTEM2. Mufflers / Heat Exchangers2. Mufflers / Heat Exchangers

- Purpose ~ - Purpose ~ to reduce noiseto reduce noise of discharge exhaust gases of discharge exhaust gases from exhaust collector from exhaust collector

- Method of - Method of reducing noisereducing noise : :~ collector discharge end is ~ collector discharge end is cut taperedcut tapered called called bayonetbayonet ~ ~ mufflermuffler (exhaust gas from cylinders passes through (exhaust gas from cylinders passes through series of baffles to series of baffles to break-up the sound energybreak-up the sound energy))

- Heat exchanger - Heat exchanger ~ a stainless steel ~ a stainless steel shroudshroud or shell around the muffler or shell around the muffler

- The heated air from the exchanger used for : - The heated air from the exchanger used for : ~ cabin heat ~ cabin heat ~ de-ice or anti-ice~ de-ice or anti-ice

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2. Mufflers / Heat Exchangers2. Mufflers / Heat Exchangers

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Muffler & shroudMuffler & shroud

Tapered/bayonetTapered/bayonet

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3. 3. Exhaust AugmentorsExhaust Augmentors (tube) (tube)

- purpose ~ to - purpose ~ to aid in coolingaid in cooling

- it uses the velocity of exhaust gases to - it uses the velocity of exhaust gases to produce venturi effectproduce venturi effect to draw airflow to draw airflow over the engineover the engine

- the heat exchanger could be placed - the heat exchanger could be placed around the augmentor the heated air around the augmentor the heated air could be used for cabin heat, de-ice or could be used for cabin heat, de-ice or anti-iceanti-ice

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The EndThe End

03 exhaust system

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