01B - Forms & Classification of Energy
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Transcript of 01B - Forms & Classification of Energy
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Ch. 1 - 11
The World of Energy
1.2. Forms & Classification of Energy
Chapter 1 World Energy Overview
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Ch. 1 - 12
Sources of Energy
Chemical Fossil fuels (Combustion)
Nuclear Uranium (Fission of atoms)
Energy
Non-Renewable
Renewable
Chemical Muscular (Oxidization)
Nuclear
Geothermal (Conversion) Fusion (Fusion of hydrogen)
Gravity Tidal, hydraulic (Kinetic)
Indirect Solar Biomass (Photosynthesis)
Wind (Pressure differences)Direct Solar Photovoltaic cell (Conversion)
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Ch. 1 - 13
Types of Fossil Fuels
Petroleum (oil)
Natural Gas
Coal
Oil Shale
Tar Sands
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Ch. 1 - 14
Conventional natural gas
Free natural gas (Non associated)
Oil associated gas
Non-conventional natural gas
Tight gas
Coal bed methane (CBM)
Aquifer gas
Gas hydrates
2nd ASPO workshop, Paris, May 26/27
Natural Gas Resources
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Ch. 1 - 15
Non-Renewable Energy Sources
Conventional
Petroleum
Natural Gas Coal
Nuclear
Unconventional (examples)
Oil Shale
Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment
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Ch. 1 - 16
Renewable Energy Sources
Solar photovoltaics
Solar thermal power
Passive solar air and water heating
Wind
Hydropower
Biomass Ocean energy
Geothermal
Waste to Energy
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Ch. 1 - 17
Renewable Energy Technologies
Solar Photovoltaics - Flat Plate Photovoltaics - Concentrator Solar Thermal Parabolic
Trough Solar Thermal Dish/Stirling
Solar Thermal CentralReceiver
Solar Ponds
Hydropower Conventional Pumped Storage Micro-hydro
Ocean Tidal Energy
Thermal Energy Conversion
Wind Horizontal Axis Turbine Vertical Axis Turbine
Biomass Direct Combustion Gasification/Pyrolysis Anaerobic Digestion
Geothermal
Dry Steam Flash Steam Binary Cycle Heat Pump
Direct Use
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Ch. 1 - 18
Forms of Energy
The five main forms of
energy are: Heat
Chemical
Electromagnetic
Nuclear
Mechanical
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Ch. 1 - 19
Heat Energy
The internal motion of the atoms is calledheat energy, because moving particles
produce heat
Heat energy can be produced by friction
Heat energy causes changes in temperatureand phase of any form of matter.
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Ch. 1 - 20
Chemical Energy
Chemical Energy is required to bond
atoms together
When bonds are broken, energy isreleased.
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Ch. 1 - 21
Chemical Energy
Fuel and food areforms of storedchemical energy.
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Ch. 1 - 22
Electromagnetic Energy
Power lines carry electromagnetic energy into yourhome in the form of electricity.
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Ch. 1 - 23
Electromagnetic Energy
Light is a form ofelectromagnetic energy
Each color of light (Roy GBv) represents a differentamount of electromagneticenergy
Electromagnetic Energy isalso carried by X-rays, radiowaves, and laser light.
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Ch. 1 - 24
Nuclear Energy
The nucleus of an atom
is the source of nuclearenergy
When the nucleussplits (fission), nuclearenergy is released inthe form of heatenergy and lightenergy.
Nuclear energy is alsoreleased when nucleicollide at high speedsand join (fuse).
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Ch. 1 - 25
Nuclear Energy
produced from anuclear fusion reactionin which hydrogennuclei fuse to formhelium nuclei
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Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy isthe most
concentrated formof energy.
Most of us live within10 miles of the SurryNuclear Power Plantwhich convertsnuclear energy into
electromagneticenergy.
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Ch. 1 - 27
Mechanical Energy
When work is done to anobject, it acquiresenergy. The energy itacquires is known as
mechanical energy When you kick a football,
you give mechancalenergy to the football tomake it move.
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Ch. 1 - 28
Mechanical Energy
When you throw abowling ball, you give itenergy. When thatbowling ball hits thepins, some of the energy
is transferred to the pins(transfer of momentum).
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Ch. 1 - 29
Energy Conversion
Energy can be changed from one form to another
Changes in the form of energy are called energyconversions
All forms of energy can be converted into otherforms
converted directly into electricity.
(electromagnetic) into starches and sugars(chemical energy)
Other Energy Conversion In an electric motor, electromagnetic energy is
converted to mechanical energy.
In a battery, chemical energy is converted intoelectromagnetic energy. The mechanical energy of a waterfall is converted to
electrical energy in a generator.
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Energy Conversions
In an automobile engine, fuel is burned to convertchemical energy into heat energy. The heat energy isthen changed into mechanical energy.
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Chemical Heat Mechanical
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States of Energy
The most common energy conversion is theconversion between potential and kineticenergy
All forms of energy can be in either of twostates:
Potential
Kinetic
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Ch. 1 - 33
Kinetic and Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion The faster an object moves, the more kinetic
energy it has.
The greater the mass of a moving object, the morekinetic energy it has.
Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity.
Potential Energy is stored energy
Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus of atom, andin foods.
Or stored because of the work done on it:
Stretching a rubber band.
Winding a watch.
Lifting a brick high in the air.
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Ch. 1 - 34
Kinetic Energy
K.E. = mass x velocity
2
What has a greater affect of kinetic energy, mass orvelocity? Why?
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Gravitational Potential Energy
Potentialenergy that isdependent on
height is calledgravitationalpotentialenergy.
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Potential Energy
Energy that is stored due to being stretchedor compressed is called elastic potentialenergy.
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Gravitational Potential Energy
A waterfall, a suspension bridge, and a fallingsnowflake all have gravitational potential energy.
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Gravitational Potential Energy
If you stand on a 3-
meter diving board,you have 3 times theG.P.E, than you hadon a 1-meter divingboard.
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Ch. 1 - 39
Gravitational Potential Energy
have greater G.P.E.
The formula to find G.P.E. is
G.P.E. = Weight X Height.
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Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion
Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built intothe system.
Initially, the cars are pulled mechanically up the tallest hill,giving them a great deal of potential energy.
From that point, the conversion between potential and kineticenergy powers the cars throughout the entire ride.
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Kinetic vs. Potential Energy
At the point of maximum potential energy, the car
has minimum kinetic energy.
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Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions
As a basketballplayer throws theball into the air,
various energyconversions takeplace.
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Kinetic vs Potential Energy Conversion
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The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be neither created nor destroyedby ordinary means
It can only be converted from one form toanother
If energy seems to disappear, then scientistslook for it leading to many importantdiscoveries.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
In 1905, Albert Einstein said that massand energy can be converted into each
other
He showed that if matter is destroyed,energy is created, and if energy is
destroyed mass is created.
E = MC2