01/10/2013 Professor de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo Assessor, Diretoria Científica,...

01/10/2013

Professor de Bioquímica, Universidade de São PauloAssessor, Diretoria Científica, FAPESPHE RNÁN CHAIMOVICH

Hernan Chaimovich 1

Escola UNESP de Liderança e Gestão

A Lógica da Pesquisa na Universidade de Pesquisa

01/10/2013

CONTEXT

Hernan Chaimovich 2

1) Universities constitute a wide spectrum of Institutions;2) Basic Research is mainly produced in Research

Universities by graduates and PosDocs;3) Some non Research Universities contribute to

Research4) Maintaining a Research University requires the best

Academic Leadership at all levels;5) Inhibition of collaboration and interdisciplinarity by

obsolete structures can be surpassed by strong academic leadership;

6) Public Funding of research in a Research University is essential;

7) The logic of research within a Research University is related to, but not absolutely dependent of, the Policy of Research Funding agents, it also depends on academic leadership.

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INSTITUTIONS NAMED “UNIVERSITY” COVER A WIDE SPECTRAL (?) RANGE

Hernan Chaimovich 3

UNIP HARVARD

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WHAT ARE UNIVERSITIES FOR?

Hernan Chaimovich 4

What are Universities for? Stephan Collini,Penguin, 2012

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What are Universities for? Stephan ColliniPenguin, 2012

This discomfort is unacceptable in a Brazilian research university

WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF THE HUMANITIES AND THE “BASIC” SCIENCES

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RESEARCH OR DOCTORATE-GRANTING UNIVERSITIES

Hernan Chaimovich 6

Doctorate-granting Universities. Includes institutions that awarded at least 20 research doctoral degrees during the update year (excluding doctoral-level degrees that qualify recipients for entry into professional practice, such as the JD, MD, PharmD, DPT, etc.). Excludes Special Focus Institutions and Tribal Colleges.RU/VH: Research Universities (very high research activity)RU/H: Research Universities (high research activity)DRU: Doctoral/Research Universities

http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/descriptions/basic.php

http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/lookup_listings/srp.php?clq=%7B%22basic2005_ids%22:%2215%22%7D&limit=0,50






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SCIENCE IS (ALSO) A PRACTICAL AGENT

Hernan Chaimovich 7

As a practical agent science is a source of power.

KNOWLEDGE WILL FOREVER GOVERN IGNORANCE: AND A PEOPLE WHO MEAN TO BE

THEIR OWN GOVERNOURS, MUST ARM THEMSELVES WITH THE POWER WHICH

KNOWLEDGE GIVES.

President James Madison, 1822, USA.Entrance to the James Madison Building of the Library of Congress


Alice: Can you tell me which route should I take? The Cat: That depends on where you want to go.Alice: I do not know where I want to go. The Cat: Then it does not matter what route you take.Lewis Carroll 1865

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PUBL ICAÇÕES, DRES E MESTRES

Hernan Chaimovich

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

ScopusMsc+DrISIDres

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BRAZILIAN PUBLICATIONS ARE PRODUCED BY A LIMITED NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES

Hernan Chaimovich 10

Web of Science Documents Impact Relative to World

Institution Total Intl Only Total Intl--BRAZIL TOTALS 34.393 8.207 0,74 1,69 UNIV SAO PAULO 7.712 2.536 1,08 2,25

UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO 2.310 885 1,69 3,77

UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA 2.716 679 1,01 3,04

UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS 2.534 670 0,82 1,50

UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS 1.903 555 0,62 1,28

UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL 2.068 544 0,69 1,19

UNIV FED SAO PAULO 1.561 397 0,73 1,42

UNIV FED ABC 476 310 6,34 9,31UNIV FED SANTA CATARINA 1.082 286 0,50 0,70

UNIV FED PARANA 1.013 256 0,68 1,25

TOTAL 23.375 7.118 % ref BRAZIL 68 87

Fonte InCites, 2012

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BRAZIL

Hernan Chaimovich

2002-2

006

2003-2

007

2004-2

008

2005-2

009

2006-2

010

2007-2

011

2008-2

012

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

# of Papers Rela-tive to 2002-2006

Citations per Paper Relative to 2002-2006

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SPAIN

Hernan Chaimovich

20

02

-20

06

20

03

-20

07

20

04

-20

08

20

05

-20

09

20

06

-20

10

20

07

-20

11

20

08

-20

12

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

# of Papers Relative 2002-2006Citations per Paper Relative 2002-2006

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CHINA

Hernan Chaimovich

20

02

-20

06

20

03

-20

07

20

04

-20

08

20

05

-20

09

20

06

-20

10

20

07

-20

11

20

08

-20

12

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

# of Papers Relative 2002-2006

Citations per Paper Relative 2002-2006

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PASTEUR QUADRANTS


Very populated

Necessary Movements in a Research University

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INTERNATIONALIZATION IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT MAY FACILITATE THE NEEDED MOVEMENTS IN THE PASTEUR QUADRANT .

INTERNATIONALIZATION IMPLIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COLLABORATIVE PROGRAMS


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01/10/2013

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

Hernan Chaimovich 17Fonte Scimago

1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 8 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 420.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

Argentina Brazil Chile Spain%

of

Pap

ers

wit

h I

nte

rnati

on

al C

olla

bora

tion

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CITES/PAPER AND COLLABORATION


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THE CONTRIBUTION OF BRAZILIAN SCIENCE IS NOT BALANCED DISAGGREGATED DATA (ISI 2000 – 2008)


Keyword World Brazil % BrazilAirplanes 323 8 2,5Amazonia 2118 1011 47,7Chagas 3012 1273 42,3Comp/Software 1341 20 1,5Deep Sea Drilling 528 6 1,1Ethanol (Ch&ChE) 11470 467 4,1Hypertension 97832 1996 2,0Micelles 9173 174 1,9Optical Fibers 10294 177 1,7Plant Pathogen 7220 197 2,7Sugarcane 1931 594 30,8Synthesis 42582 558 1,3

01/10/2013

CAN LOCAL THEMES BE PUBLISHED IN HIGH IMPACT JOURNALS?PUBLICATIONS IN NATURE, SCIENCE E PNAS BY BRAZILIAN SCIENTISTS


ANO TÍTULO CitNATURE 1984 FUNCTIONAL-ROLE FOR C-MYC IN MITOGENIC RESPONSE TO PLATELET- DERIVED GROWTH-FACTOR535SCIENCE 1995 A CARBON NANOTUBE FIELD-EMISSION ELECTRON SOURCE326NATURE 1992 AN EXONIC MUTATION IN THE HUP2 PAIRED DOMAIN GENE CAUSES WAARDENBURG SYNDROME317NATURE 1993 MAGNETIC BISTABILITY IN A METAL-ION CLUSTER 241SCIENCE 1993 A MOLECULAR-BASED MAGNET WITH A FULLY INTERLOCKED 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE223NATURE 1988 INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA AS A POTENT HYPERALGESIC AGENT ANTAGONIZED BY A TRIPEPTIDE ANALOG218SCIENCE 1992 TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA IN LEISHMANIAL INFECTION - A PARASITE ESCAPE MECHANISMleishmania 202NATURE 1992 UNUSUAL HLA-B ALLELES IN 2 TRIBES OF BRAZILIAN INDIANSgenética 191SCIENCE 1985 PRESENCE OF LAMININ RECEPTORS IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS187NATURE 1989 GLOBAL PATTERNS OF TECTONIC STRESS 181SCIENCE 1998 Hormone-dependent coactivator binding to a hydrophobic cleft on nuclear receptors160SCIENCE 1998 Carbon structures with three-dimensional periodicity at optical wavelengths153SCIENCE 1995 SENSORIMOTOR ENCODING BY SYNCHRONOUS NEURAL ENSEMBLE ACTIVITY AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM149NATURE 1994 THE ROLE OF DEEP ROOTS IN THE HYDROLOGICAL AND CARBON CYCLES OF AMAZONIAN FORESTS AND PASTURESamazonia 147SCIENCE 1995 COOLING OF TROPICAL BRAZIL (5-DEGREES-C) DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUMarqueologia 147SCIENCE 1995 ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE FILMS - PRODUCTION AND OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES145NATURE 1993 CYTOKINE REGULATION OF NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL PROGENITOR CELLS140PNAS 1975 POTENTIAL FOR NITROGEN-FIXATION IN MAIZE GENOTYPES IN BRAZILgenética 140NATURE 1986 EVIDENCE FROM THE PARANA OF SOUTH BRAZIL FOR A CONTINENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO DUPAL BASALTSgeociências 137PNAS 1991 DOUBLE TARGETED GENE REPLACEMENT FOR CREATING NULL MUTANTS137NATURE 1990 GENE REPLACEMENT IN PARASITIC PROTOZOAparasito 132SCIENCE 1986 SPECIFIC DNA PROBE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIAmalária 125SCIENCE 1988 A MOLECULAR SHIFT REGISTER BASED ON ELECTRON-TRANSFER124SCIENCE 1985 STORAGE AND REMOBILIZATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE LOWER AMAZON RIVER OF BRAZILamazonia 122NATURE 1978 ISOZYMIC HETEROGENEITY OF TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI IN 1ST AUTOCHTHONOUS PATIENTS WITH CHAGAS-DISEASE IN AMAZONIAN BRAZILtrypanosoma 116PNAS 1990 MYOD CONVERTS PRIMARY DERMAL FIBROBLASTS, CHONDROBLASTS, SMOOTH-MUSCLE, AND RETINAL PIGMENTED EPITHELIAL-CELLS INTO STRIATED MONONUCLEATED MYOBLASTS AND MULTINUCLEATED MYOTUBES113SCIENCE 1984 AMAZON BASIN - A SYSTEM IN EQUILIBRIUMamazonia 113SCIENCE 1995 CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE BY AN UNDISTURBED TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST IN SOUTHWEST AMAZONIA, 1992 TO 1993amazonia 110SCIENCE 1981 LECTINS OF DISTINCT SPECIFICITY IN RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS INTERACT SELECTIVELY WITH TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZItrypanosoma 103

NATURE 1995 PUMPING PLANTS 91

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NUMBER OF INDEXED PAPERS

22

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000--BRAZIL TOTALS UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA UNIV SAO PAULO

Hernan Chaimovich

01/10/2013

IMPACT RELATIVE TO WORLD

23

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

--BRAZIL TOTALSUNIV ESTADUAL CAMP-INASUNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTAUNIV SAO PAULO

Impact

Rela

tive t

o W

orl

d

Hernan Chaimovich

01/10/2013

UNESP RELATIVE IMPACT

24

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Agricultural SciencesBiology & Biochem-istryChemistryPhysicsClinical MedicineEngineeringMaterials Science

Axis Title

Rela

tive Im

pact

Hernan Chaimovich

01/10/2013

WHY SHOULD THE BRAZILIAN TAXPAYER CONTINUE TO FUND RESEARCH?


Because:1.- Contributing to universal knowledge makes Brazilians better able to determine

their own destiny. This effort is in the sphere of universities rather than industry or the private sector.2.- The more knowledge society obtains through the use of the scientific method, fairer and richer it becomes.

01/10/2013

INTERLUDE


A plural system of higher education includes research universities, but these are not the only part of the system.

Technical Universities, Schools for Teachers of Elementary Education, Distance Education Institutions, Colleges of Accelerated Education, among other structures, should also be considered when attempting to expand the System of Public Higher Education.

This strategy allowed in many countries, full coverage of higher education for all young people.

In a PLURAL SYSTEM ALL parts have the same importance.

01/10/2013

THE TERM "WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY" HAS BEEN USED GLOBALLY BY MINISTERS AND CHANCELLORS


What does World Class University mean?

Does the term have a special meaning or is a tool of

public relations?

What criteria grants a university "World Class"status?

01/10/2013

RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES AND WORLD CLASS


John D. Rockefeller once asked Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University in the late nineteenth century, what would be necessary to create the equivalent of a world-class university. Eliot replied that it would require $ 50 million and 200 years. He was wrong. In the early twentieth century, the University of Chicago has become a world class institution in two decades, with little more than $ 50 million donated by the Rockefeller Foundation. The price of such an effort has since increased not only because of inflation, but also because of the increased complexity and cost of academic institutions today. The competition has also become much more fierce. Now, that may take longer, cost

$ 500 million require intelligent leadership and very good luck.

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BUT


Many institutions can do better concentrating on building departments, institutes and schools world-class, especially in fields that are relevant to the national economy or regional or local society.Placing too much emphasis on achieving world-class status can impair a university or an academic system. You can divert energy and resources from more important and perhaps more realistic goals. You can create unrealistic expectations that can interfere with faculty and students and impair its performance.

01/10/2013

FEATURES OF A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY


Excellence in research; Academic freedom and an atmosphere of

intellectual excitement; Adequate facilities for academic work to

support university research and teaching, as well as its other functions, and support should be consistent and long term;

The governance of the institution is essential.

Academic Leadership at all levels

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ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP SHOULD BE ABLE TO OVERCOME OUTDATED AND/OR INCONVENIENT INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES


01/10/2013

SOME DESIRABLE FEATURES


Research Universities develop world-class science and technology, but also culture, general education, knowledge and ability to understand what is happening in the country and the world.

Research Universities form professionals, researchers, professors, diplomats, officials, politicians, journalists, historians .....

Research Universities serve as a bridge of contact and communication between the country and the world, and benchmark quality and relevance for other institutions.

01/10/2013

IMPORTANT FACTORS IN A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY


Mary-Louise KearneyDirector, UNESCO Forum on Higher Education Research and [email protected]

01/10/2013

GOVERNANCE


The general definition of governance refers to:the distribution of authority and functions among units within a larger entity

the modes of communication and control between them

the conduct of relations between the entity and the surrounding environment.

01/10/2013

GOVERNANCE


Research universities have a significant degree of internal self-government and an established tradition, often supported by statutes, ensuring that the academic community (including teachers generally, but sometimes students) have control over the central elements of academic life:the admission of students; the curriculum; the criteria for the award of degrees; the selection of new faculty members; the strategic direction of the institution's academic

work

01/10/2013

TENSIONS IN BRASIL TODAY (1)


• In the last decades significant changes have affected the number of missions of universities, particularly those related to research universities.The structure of public universities are facing dilemmas, as the state presses to the institution to continue:

• Training professionals, technicians, teachers and researchers;

• develop almost all the fundamental research; • meet social demands, economic and industrial; • and at the same time, increase the number of

enrollments.

01/10/2013

TENSIONS TODAY (2)


These trends raise serious questions:

how to ensure that Research Universities continue to make their unique contributions for basic research and critical disinterested reflection?

how to keep the balance between research, education, training and knowledge transfer?

01/10/2013

SOME POSSIBLE CONCLUSIONS


The impact of Brazilian science and the number of scientists must grow;

Growing with the quality requires that governance at Research Universities be academic;

Assessment of graduate programs has to change;Looking at problems with "pedestrian" science is

irrelevant;Science in Brazilian Research Universities must be

related to frontiers, where science can also communicate with national needs;

Internationalization and collaboration are essential

Thank you THE END

39

01/10/2013 Professor de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo Assessor, Diretoria Científica,...

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