0/100 !!!!!!!# !!!!!!!$ %&'#$A .0/(9)-!%054,*4sdb/ModSpecs/2010/PHYSmod...Physics examples taken...

!"#$%&'"(&)*+),-./01/

2*345")6#"10+01$&0*(/

7898:99

!"#$%&$'()*+,-$'./0/100 !!!!!!!"#!!!!!!!"# !!!!!!!"$!!!!!!!"$

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

"]Y!!J/O!$T##

MODULE SPECIFICATION

The information contained in this module specification was correct at the time of publication but may be subject tochange, either during the session because of unforeseen circumstances, or following review of the module at theend of the session. Queries about the module should be directed to the member of staff with responsibility for themodule.

1. Module Title PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS

2. Module Code PHYS111

3. Year 201011

4. OriginatingDepartment

Physics

5. Faculty Faculty of Science

6. Semester Second Semester

7. Credit Level Level One

8. Credit Value 7.5

9. External Examiner Physics External Examiner

10. Member of staff withresponsibility for themodule

Dr NK McCauley Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr DS Martin Physics [email protected]

12. Other ContributingDepartments

13. Other Staff Teachingon this Module

Dr DT Joss Physics [email protected] KM Hock Physics [email protected] JH Vossebeld Physics [email protected]

14. Board of Studies Physics

15. Mode of Delivery Laboratory/Practical

16. Location Main Liverpool City Campus

Lectures Seminars Tutorials Lab/Practicals Fieldwork/Placement Other TOTAL

17. ContactHours

54 54

18. Non-contact hours 2119. TOTAL HOURS 75

Lectures Seminars Tutorials Lab/Practicals Fieldwork/Placement Other

20. Timetable(if known)

21. Pre-requisites before taking this module (other modules and/or general educational/academic requirements):

Physics A-Level or equivalent

22. Modules for which this module is a pre-requisite:

PHYS259

23. Co-requisite modules:

24. Linked Modules:

25. Programme(s) (including Year of Study) to which this module is available on a mandatory basis:

26. Programme(s) (including Year of Study) to which this module is available on a required basis:

F303 (1) F352 (1) F3F5 (1) F300 (1) F521 (1) F3F7 (1) BCG0 (1) F350 (1)

27. Programme(s) (including Year of Study) to which this module is available on an optional basis:

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide a core of essential introductory laboratory methods which overlap and develop from A-LevelTo introduce the basis of experimental techniques in physical measurement, the use of computertechniques in analysis, and to provide experience in doing experiments, keeping records and writingreports.

29. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the module the student should have:

Experienced the practical nature of physics.Developed an awareness of the importance of accurate experimentation, particularly observation, recordkeeping.Developed the ability to plan, execute and report on the results of an investigation using appropriateanalysis of the data and associated uncertaintiesDeveloped the practical and technical skill required for physics experimentation and an appreciation ofthe importance of a systematic approach to experimental measurement.Developed problem solving skills of a practical natureDeveloped analytical skills in the analysis of the dataDeveloped communication skills in the presentation of the investigation in a clear and logical mannerDeveloped investgative skills in performing the experiment and extracting information from varioussources with which to compare the resultsDeveloped the ability to organise their time and meet deadlines

30. Teaching and Learning Strategies

The module is split into 3 parts

1. Introduction to measuring instruments and data analysis

Five afternoons are spent working in groups each led by a demonstrator.

2. Foundation Experiments

Four short experiments to put into practice the material presented in 1.

3. Long Experiments

Three experiments each of which has three afternoons alloted.

31. Syllabus

Introduction to measuring instruments and data analysis

Mechanical instruments and the digital counterElectrical instrumentsDistribution of errorsCombination of errorsGraphical data

Foundation experiments, three from

Newton's ringsHooke's law experimentThermistor experimentLCR circuitMicrowavesSemiconductor devices

Stefan's law

Long experiments, 4 from

Velocity of soundLiquid nitrogenRectification experimentPolarised light experimentDiffraction of lightLow temperatureGamma ray absorptionRefractive index of gases

Application of spreadsheets to the analysis of experimental data

32. Recommended Texts

None. A laboratory manual is provided.

ASSESSMENT

33. EXAM Duration Timing(Semester)

% of finalmark

Resit/resubmissionopportunity

Penalty for latesubmission

Notes

34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing

(Semester)% of finalmark



Notes

Three LongExperiments

2 60 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy

This work is notmarkedanonymously

Four FoundationExperiments andOne SpreadsheetAnalysis


As universitypolicy


Active Participationin Exercises A to E


N/A asassessment istimetabled

Anonymous markingimpossible

Class Test 1 hour 2 10 None:exemption approved10/12/2004





1. Module Title COMPUTING TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics


6. Semester First Semester


8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr L Moran Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof RD Page Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Continuous Assessment



17. ContactHours

11 20 31





Physics A-Level (or equivlanet)



24. Linked Modules:


F300 (1) F303 (1) F352 (1) F3F5 (1) F521 (1) F350 (1) F3F7 (1)



MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop skills with spreadsheets.To develop skills use computers to perform mathematical calculationsTo illustrate the insight into physics which can be obtained by exploiting computational softwarepackages.To introduce the University of Liverpool's personal development tools



An ability to use spreadsheats and mathematical packages to calculate and graph mathematicalequationsAn ability to apply mathematical software packages to physics problemsAn apprication of how to present results by computer


Students will attend 11 lectures and 10 x 2 hour training sessions on applications of PCs in Physics.

Private study time of 23 hours is provided forcompletion of computer work assignments.

31. Syllabus

Spreadsheet exercises based on physics examples and on error evaluation.Use of laser printer.

Introduction to MathCAD.Plotting functions, complex numbers, animations, integration and differentiation.Physics examples taken from AC circuit theory, mechanics, waves, astrophysicsand statistics.


None.

Handouts are supplied, supplemented by software notes available from the University Comupting ServicesDepartment. Particular care is taken to explain the jargon at an elementary level for the benefit of those withlittle experience. All required software is available on the University managed computer networks.

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Computer WorkAssignments


As universitypolicy




1. Module Title MECHANICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof R Herzberg Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof TJ Greenshaw Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Lectures/Classes



17. ContactHours

24 12 36





Physics A-Level (or equivalent) Mathematics A-Level or (MATH185 + PHYS119/PHYS120) or equivalent


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F352 (1) F350 (1) F3F5 (1) F521 (1) F3F7 (1) BCG0 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the fundamental concepts and principles of classical mechanics at an elementary level.To provide an introduction to the study of fluids.To introduce the use of elementary vector algebra in the context of mechanics.



Acquired a basic knowledge of the laws of classical mechanics.Some familiarity with the application of the laws of mechanics to statics, linear motion, motion in aplane, rotational motion, simple harmonic motion and gravitation.An ability to apply mathematical methods, including simple vector algebra, to the study of mechanics.An understanding of some aspects of the behaviour of fluids.


The course will consist of a combination of lectures and problems classes. The lectures are designed topresent students withthe main concepts of classical mechanics and illustrate these with reference to simplemechanical systems as well as showing how mathematical descriptions of mechanical systems can bedeveloped. The problems classes give the students the opportunity to investigate further the conceptsdiscussed in the lectures in an environment in which group work is encouraged and expert supervision isavailable. Students are also expected to complete further problems on an individual basis; these are markedand feedback provided.

31. Syllabus

PHYS121 Newton's Laws, Force and Motion, VectorsFriction, DragWork and Kinetic Energy, PowerPotential Energy, Conservation of EnergyForce from Potential, Systems of Particles, Rocket EquationMomentum, CollisionsRotation, Moment of InertiaParallel Axis theorem, Torque, RotationAngular Momentum and its conservationRollingCentre of Percussion, PrecessionSHM and Uniform Circular MotionSHM, damped and forced SHMNewton's Law of GravitationSatellites, Escape SpeedKepler's LawsFluids at restFluids in motion


"University Physics" by Young and Freedman, published by Pearson Addison-Wesley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 3 hours 1 75 August34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing % of Resit/resubmission Penalty for late Notes

(Semester) finalmark

opportunity submission

Class Test 1 15 None:exemption approved10/12/2004



Tutorial Work 1 10 None:exemption approved10/12/2004





1. Module Title INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof JB Dainton Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof PA Butler Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Lectures/Tutorials



17. ContactHours

30 7 37








24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F352 (1) F350 (1) F3F5 (1) F521 (1) F3F7 (1) BCG0 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To describe historical experimental evidence for quantum effects.To introduce ideas of wave-particle duality.To present the Rutherford-Bohr atom.To introduce wavefunctions and wave equations and the Schrodinger equationTo introduce the treatment of potential wellsTo introduce quantum states and quantum numbers and multi-electron atoms in that contextTo develop an understanding of nuclear material, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.To develop an understanding of elementary particles and fundamental forces of natureTo introduce interactions through the exchange of force carrying particlesTo give a qualitative account of nuclear, particle physics, and cosmology which communicates theexcitement of contemporary research in these areas.



An understanding of, and an ability to apply, the equations E = hf and p = h/l.An ability to discuss experiments which reveal wave-particle duality.An awareness of the relationship between localisation and quantisation.An understanding of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom spectrum. An ability to use simple atomicconcepts to describe more complicated multi-electron atoms.An ability to perform simple calculations using the Schrodinger equation and in particular to solve forthe infinite square wellBasic knowledge and understanding of the composition and binding energy of nuclei.Basic knowledge and understanding of how nuclei decay.An understanding of both the nuclear fission and fusion processes and the importance of the varioustypes of nuclear material.An awareness of the main topics in high energy physics and cosmology and the ability to show aqualitative understanding of their import and interest.Written and oral science communication skills


See Department of Physics Undergraduate Handbook

31. Syllabus

PHYS122 Quantum Physics: Energy quantisation (photoelectric effect, Compton effect,energy quantisation, Bohr atom)Quantum Physics: Wave functions (de Broglie waves, photons, matter waves,wave functions, hydrogen atoms, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle)Atomic Structure: (energy levels, angular momentum and magnetism, multi-electron atoms, Pauli principle, periodic table, X-ray spectra, lasers)Nuclear Physics (binding energy, radioactive decay, radiation dosage, dating)Nuclear energy: fission, reactors, fusion, starsParticle Physics (particles, quarks, leptons, Big-Bang)



ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 3 hours 2 75 August34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing % of Resit/resubmission Penalty for late Notes



ScienceCommunicationProject

2 15 Summer vacation As universitypolicy







1. Module Title ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof TJ Greenshaw Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr A Wolski Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

30 7 37







PHYS248 Principles of Electronics PHYS254 Electromagnetism


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F352 (1) F521 (1) F3F5 (1) F350 (1) F3F7 (2) F656 (1) F660 (1) F641 (1) BCG0 (1) F640 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the fundamental concepts and principles of electricity and magnetism at an elementary level.

To provide an introduction to the study of electric circuits.

To introduce the use of elementary vector algebra in the context of electromagnetism.



A knowledge of the basic structure of electromagnetism, in particular of the terminology, sign conventions andunits of the basic laws and their inter-relationships.

An understanding of how to apply the basic laws of electromagnetism to the solution of simple problems,particularly the application of appropriate methods to problems with high symmetry.

An understanding of simple models of current flow and how energy is stored and dissipated in electricalcircuits.

Some familiarity with the mathematical techniques used in modelling the responses of electrical circuits.

An ability to use vector quantities and to manipulate them using scalar and vector products.

Improved written and oral communication skills.


As described in the Department of Physics Undergraduate Programmes Student Handbook

31. Syllabus

Current, Potential Difference and Resistance (Ohm's law)EMF and circuits (Kirchhoff's rules), RC circuitElectric charge, Coulomb's law, electric field, electric dipolesElectric flux, Gauss' law and symmetryElectric potential and potential energyCapacitance, dielectrics, energy density of an electric fieldMagnetic field, magnetic forces, Hall effect, magnetic dipolesBiot-Savart law, Ampere's law, solenoidsFaraday's law, magnetic induction, induced electric fieldsSelf and mutual inductance, energy density of a magnetic fieldTransients in RC and RL circuitsAC circuits



ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 3 hours 1 75 August34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing




Notes

ScienceCommunicationProject








1. Module Title THERMAL PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr DE Hutchcroft Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr TG Shears Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Problem Based Learning (PBL)



17. ContactHours

6 12classes

18







PHYS253 Thermodynamics


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F3F5 (1) F521 (1) F352 (1) F350 (1) F656 (1) BCG0 (2) FGH1 (1) FG31 (1) F344 (1) F326 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop an understanding of the kinetic theory of gases.To introduce the terminology, concepts and logical structure of basic thermodynamics as far as thesecond law.



An understanding of thermodynamic parameters and their use in simple applications.An understanding of the practical implications of the second law of thermodynamics.An understanding of the basic ideas and results of the kinetic theory of gases.An understanding of the relationship of thermodynamics to the microscopic description of gases.


See Department of Physics student handbook.

31. Syllabus

Temperature, zeroth lawHeat and first law of thermodynamicsSecond law, reversibility, Carnot engineKinetic theory of gases, heat capacities, equipartition, free pathThermal expansion



ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 1.5 hours 2 50 August34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing




Notes

4 group projects 2 weekseach

2 20

Tutorial sheetscompleted individuallyin class

12 x 1hoursessions

2 10 Recoveryopportunity inSummer

As universitypolicy

6 online assessments 2 hourseach


As universitypolicy

Using Pearsonsoftware MasteringPhysics



1. Module Title INTRODUCTION TO RELATIVITY


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr U Klein Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof PJ Nolan Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Lectures/Practical



17. ContactHours

12 18 30








None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F352 (1) F350 (1) F3F5 (1) F521 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the inter-relation of energy and mass.To show how the frame independence of the speed of light requires modifications of the equations fortransforming space and time co-ordinates.To introduce the relativistic equations for energy and momentum.To introduce the concept of Lorentz invariance and spacetime interval.To carry out calculations using relativity and visualise them.



An understanding of the postulates of special relativity.An ability to apply the Lorentz transformation to simple cases.Familiarity with the equations of relativistic kinematics.An ability to solve problems based on special relativity.Familiarity with the concepts of simple experiments to show that relativity is needed to explain certainphenomena.


See Department of Physics Undergraduate Handbook.

31. Syllabus

The postulates of special relativityMeasurement of an eventRelativity applied to simultaneity, time and lengthThe Lorentz transformation and consequencesRelativity of velocities, Doppler effectsRelativistic energy and momentum, examples from particle physicsLorentz invariance and spacetime interval



ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 1 1/2hours

1 70 August

34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing(Semester)

% of finalmark



Notes

Practical Work 18 hours 1 30 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title WAVES AND OPTICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr VR Dhanak Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr SD Barrett Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

15 3 18







PHYS258


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F350 (1) F352 (1) F521 (1) F3F5 (1) F640 (1) F641 (1) F660 (1) F656 (1) BCG0 (2) F326 (1) FG31 (1) F344 (1) FGH1 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the fundamental concepts of wave motion and the basic mathematical methods used inthe description of waves.To develop an understanding of various phenomena in geometrical optics, interference and diffractionand their practical applications.To indicate the links between physical and geometrical optics.To engage students in problem solving during lectures in order to reinforce learning.



Knowledge of the concepts of wave motion.An understanding of transverse waves and of longitudinal waves including sound.The ability to apply mathematical methods to the study of wave motion.Knowledge of the function of lenses and spherical mirrors in optical instruments.An understanding of interference and diffraction and their role in optical instruments.The ability to calculate the properties of optical systems.An appreciation of the dependence of geometrical optics on wave theory


The module is delivered as 15 lectures and three problem classes.

31. Syllabus

Wave equation, waves on strings, light waves, sound waves, Doppler effectEnergy, amplitude, intensity, phase and group velocitySuperposition, stationary waves, beatsInteference, double slit experiment, thin filmsSingle and multiple slit diffraction, Rayleigh criterion, diffraction gratings,interferometryOptical cavities and lasersReflection, refraction, polarisation, mirrors, thin lenses, optical instruments



ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 70 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Class Test 1 hour 2 20 Recoveryopportunity inSummer



Mastering PhysicsExercises






1. Module Title PHYSICS OF MATERIALS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr S Burdin Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr ES Paul Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

18 18







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (1) F303 (1) F656 (1) F352 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide understanding of the consequences of atomic properties and interactions for explainingstates of matter and certain macroscopic properties.To develop an understanding of how magnetism in matter arises and how different types of magneticbehaviour occur.To develop an understanding of the conduction of electricity in solids and how this leads to differenttypes of material and devices.



Basic knowledge and understanding of the different interatomic forces.An ability to exaplin the states of matter from an atomic point of view.An understanding of the relationship between certain interatomic properties and the macroscopicproperties of density, latent heat capacity, elasticity and expansion.Basic knowledge of the simplest crystal structures of solids.An understanding of how the magnetic properties of individual electrons lead to bulk magnetism.An awareness of the basic features of the three types of magnetic behaviour found in materials.Basic knowledge of how electrons move in solids and how this leads to various types of conductor.An awareness of the relevance of the different types of conducting material to electronic devices.An understanding of the colour of materials.



31. Syllabus

Introduction to materials.Definitions, structure of crystals, interatomic forces and potentials.Thermal properties: thermodynamic aspects of stability, states of matter, criticaltemperature, latent heat, thermal expansion.Mechanical properties: elasticity.Magnetic properties: Gauss' law, Earth's field, magnetism and of the electronparamagnetis, diamagnetism, ferromagnetism.Electrical properties: energy levels, insulators, metals, semiconductors, diodes,transistors.Optical properties: colour.


"University Physics" by Young and Freedman, published by Pearson Addison-Wesley.

"Properties of Matter" by Flowers and Mendoza, published by Wiley.

"Solids, Liquids and Gases" by Tabor.

"Properties of Materials" by M A White, published by Oxford.

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 90 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Three Problem Sets 2 hours 2 10 None: exemptionapproved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title ASTRONOMY FUNDAMENTALS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr C Simpson Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr PA James Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Lecture



17. ContactHours

15 3 18





A-Level or equivalent


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F656 (1) F3F5 (1) F521 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide students with a broad introduction to astronomy.To describe how telescopes and detectors are used to make observations.To explain how observations support our undertanding of stars, galaxies, and the Universe as a whole.To introduce students to the methods by which astronomers measure the brightness and distance ofastronomical objects.



A basic knowledge of the structure and constituents of the Universe ranging in scale from the SolarSystem to clusters of galaxies.The ability to outline the methods which astronomers employ to gather and analyse data.An understanding of the techniques of measurement of brightness and distance of astronomical objects.Knowledge of the current cosmological model and the evidence supporting it.



31. Syllabus

PHYS134 Basic concepts (2 lectures): The Earth in space; The Solar System.Instrumentation (3 lectures): Telescopes; reflectors versus refractors, types ofmount, foci, image scale, ground versus space etc. Detectors; photometers,photography, the CCD. Introduction to imaging and spectroscopy.Measurement of brightness and distance (7 lectures): The magnitude system.The Hertzprung-Russell diagram. Evolution of stars. Types of galaxy. Thedistance ladder.Issues in Contemporary Astronomy (3 lectures): For example: the Big Bang andthe fate of the Universe; protostars; black holes; the missing mass problem; thesearch for extra solar planets; gamma-ray bursters.


"Universe" by Freedman and Kaufman (Freeman)

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 90 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Three QuestionSheets

3 hours 2 10 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr HC Boston Physics [email protected]








17. ContactHours

13 2 2Problem classes

17





A-Level Physics or equivalent


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (1)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide the students with a broad introduction to medical physics.To provide the students with the physics basis for measurement techniques used in medicine.



A basic understanding of the underlying physics properties and ideas that are utilised in medicalphysics.A basic knowledge of the physics involved in measurement techniques used in medicine.An understanding of the techniques used in measurements in medical applications.The ability to solve simple problems in medical physics.


See Department of Physics student handbook

31. Syllabus

PHYS136 Physics of the body

Forces: loading of muscular and skeletal systems

Vision: basic optics of the eye, defects of vision and their correction.

Hearing: the ear as a detection system, sensitivity, frequency response, threshold ofhearing, defects of hearing.

Heart: the heart as an electromechanical pump, electrical signal generation,measurement of ECGs, defibrillation, blood pressure.

Measurement and imaging

Electrical signals and their generation and detection. Simple ECG machines andwaveforms.

Ultrasound imaging, generation and detection of ultrasound pulses (piezoelectricdevices), advantages and disadvantages.

Production of magnetic resonance imaging.

Properties of laser radiation and applications.

X-ray imaging, principles of production and detection, absorption and attenuation of X-rays. Imaging, contrast enhancement and photographic detection, diffraction enhancedimaging.

Nuclear imaging, CT, PET and SPECT. The decay process, interaction with matter,reconstruction of image.


There is no one recommended reference book. Suitable texts include;

1) "Physics in Nuclear Medicine" by Cherry, Sorenson and Phelps : ISBN 072168341X

2) "Nuclear Physics Principles and Applications" by Lilley : ISBN 0471979368

3) "University Physics" by Young and Freedman, published by Pearson Addison-Wesley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 90 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Two QuestionSheets


As universitypolicy




1. Module Title VISUAL OPTICS I


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr NK McCauley Physics [email protected]



School of Health Sciences


Miss HP Orton School of Health Sciences [email protected]





17. ContactHours

12 12 15 39





GCSE pass (grade C) in Mathematics


PHYS237


24. Linked Modules:


B520 (1)



MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide the student with a basic knowledge of optics including the necessary mathematical (withemphasis on alegebra and trigonometry) and theoretical skillsTo provide opportunities to apply the knowledge gainedTo provide the student with practical experience of simple optical systems to illustrate and supportlecture materialTo provide appropriate preparation for the PHYS237 Visual Optics II module in Year 2


At the end of the module the student will be able to:

Explain the principle of basic geometric optics: reflection and refraction of light and the optical principlesof thin lensesExplain the operation of the eye as an optical system


The module will be delivered by way of a series of lectures with problem-solving sessions (tutorials within thePhysics Department and Division of Orthoptics) and computer-assisted learning opportunities. Formativeassessments will be offered to students in order to monitor their own understanding and performance.

31. Syllabus

PHYS137 Mathematical Skills (1 hour)

Algebra and trigonometry

Geometric Optics (8 hours)

Reflection of light

Reflection at a plane surface (plane mirrors)Reflection at spherical reflecting surfaces (concave and convex mirrors) andimage formationCalculation of position of images and magnificationRay tracing of reflection

Refraction of light

Snell's Law of refractionRefractive indexTotal internal reflectionRefraction of light through a prismFactors affecting refraction through a prismNotation of prisms - prism dioptre, centrad, apparent deviation and refractingangleCalibration of prismsPrismatic effect of lenses (Prentice rule) with calculationsApplication of prisms in orthoptic practiceDecentration of lensesRefraction of light at a curved surfaceSpherical lenses - concave and convexCylindrical lenses - toric surfaces and toric lenses and interval of SturmApplication of cylindrical lenses to Maddox RodDispersion of light

Optical Properties of Thin Lenses

Ray tracing through a thin lens

Thin lens formulaDioptric power of lenses - vergenceMagnification formulae (linear and angular)Spherical lens decentration and prism powerCalculations and ray tracings

The Eye as a Thick Lens and Refraction by the Eye (3 hours)

Thick lens theory - cardinal points and the thick lens in airCombination of lenses: as a thick lens and ray tracing through a thick lensSchematic eyeReduced eye and construction of retinal imageRefractive errors - myopia and hypermetropia, asigmatism and correcting lensesCatoptric images - Purkinje-Sanson


"Clinical Optics" by A R Elkington and HJ Frank, published by Blackwell Scientific Publishing

"Duke Elder's Practice of Refraction" Revised by D Abrams, published by Churchill Livingstone. Out of Print,available in the library.

"Physics for Opthalmologists" Edited by D J Coster, published by Churchill Livingstone

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 1 hour 1 70 August34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing




Notes

Laboratory Reports 1 30 Summer vacation As universitypolicy



1. Module Title INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE


3. Year 201011


Physics

5. Faculty Fac of Science & Engineering



8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof PJ Nolan Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr AJ Boston Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

13 2 2Problem classes

17





A-Level Physics or equivalent


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F390 (1)


F350 (2) F303 (2) F352 (2) F300 (2)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide the students with a broad introduction to nuclear science.To provide the students with the physics basis for measurement techniques used in nuclear science.



A basic understanding of the underlying physics properties and ideas that are utilised in nuclearscience.A basic knowledge of the physics involved in measurement techniques used in nuclear science.An understanding of the techniques used in measurements in nuclear applications.The ability to solve simple problems in nuclear science.


See Department of Physics student handbook

31. Syllabus

PHYS138 Radioactivity, decay modes of unstable nuclei. Naturally occurring and man-maderadionuclides.

Interaction of radiation with materials; radiation dose and units, absorbed dose,exposure. Range of alphas, betas, gammas and neutrons in materials. Radiationshielding.

Internal radiation dose, medical uses (therapy and imaging).

Nuclear waste; high, intermediate, low level, options for storage.

Radiation detection and measurement; simple radiation meters, personal dosimetersand film badges, spectroscopic systems.

Activation analysis using thermal neutrons.

Mass and energy, nuclear reactions.

Fission; induction by thermal neutrons, chain reaction, moderators, control of thereaction, choice of materials. Safety aspects. Artificial transmutation.

Fusion; nuclear reactions, simple description of fusion reactors (JET, ITER),applications of fusion reactions to astrophysics.


There is no one recommended reference book. Suitable texts include;

1) Nuclear Physics Principles and Applications : Lilley : ISBN 0471979368

2) University Physics : Young and Freedman : Pearson Addison-Wesley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 90 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Two Question Sheets 2 hours 2 10 Recoveryopportunity inSummer

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title VISUAL OPTICS II


3. Year 201011


Physics



7. Credit Level Level Two

8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof TJV Bowcock Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof P Allport Physics [email protected]


School of Health Sciences


Miss HP Orton School of Health Sciences [email protected]

14. Board of Studies Physics Board of Studies

15. Mode of Delivery Lectures/Laboratory



17. ContactHours

12 6 15 33





PHYS137


"Clinical Visual Optics" and "Vision Science and Opthalmology" modules in Year 3


None

24. Linked Modules:


B520 (2)



MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide the student with a further basic knowledge of optics including the necessary mathematicaland theoretical skillsTo provide the student with opportunities to apply knowledge gainedTo provide the student with practical experience of physical optics, the eye as a thick lens, lensaberrations and instrumental optics to illustrate and support lecture materialTo provide the student with the appropriate preparation for the Clinical Visual Optics module in Year 3


At the end of this module the student should be able to:

Illustrate the fundamental phenomena of physical optics; the properties of light, the interaction of lightwith matter, light sources and colourIllustrate the origin of aberrations and more specifically, spherical and chromatic aberration aberrationsand astigmatismInterpret the principles of optical imaging systemsApply the optical principles to instruments used in the ophthalmological assessment of patients


The module will be delivered by way of a series of lectures with problem-solving sessions (tutorials within thePhysics Department and Division of Orthoptics) and computer-assisted learning opportunities. Formativeassessments will be offered to students in order to monitor their own understanding and performance. Fivelaboratory practicals lasting three hours will give the students the opertunity to test the theories being taught inthe lectures and gain practice in making accurate measurements of optical systems and recording the results.

31. Syllabus

1 Introductory Lecture (1 hour)

2-5 Physical Optics (4 hours)

Properties of light

Electromagnetic spectrum - optical radiation, colourWave theory of light and consequences - interference, diffraction andpolarisation and orthoptc clinical application of polarisation.

Interaction of light with matter

Refection at irregular surfacesAbsorption, transmission and scattering

Light Sources

Continuous spectra and spectrum linesFiltersLasers

Colour

Spectral sensitivity of the eye and the addition of colours

6-8 Lens Aberrations (3 hours)

Aberrations

Monochromatic aberrations and paraxial aberrations

Spherical Aberrations

Sperical Aberrations and correction of spherical aberration in a lens and coma

Aberrations and Astigmatism

Tangential and sagittal planes and reducing astigmatismCylindrical and toric lensesSturm conoid and astigmatism in the eyeCurvature of field and distortion

Chromatic Aberration

Dispersive indexLaboratory assessment of chromatic aberrationsAchromatic doubletChromatic aberration in the eye

Reducing lens aberrations in spectacle lenses

9-12 Instrumental Optics (4 hours)

General imaging systems

PinholesTelescopes - resolution, Rayleigh criterion, Galilean (and Rayleigh)Microscopes - principles of compoundEyepieces - Huygens (and Ramsden)Practical considerations for optical instruments - stops, aperture stop, chief rayand field stop

Optical Systems

Instuments for examining the anterior eye - slit-lamp biomicroscope, operatingmicroscope, tonometer (keratoscope and keratometer)Instruments for examining posterior eye - direct opthalmoscope, indirectopthalmoscope and modification (findus camera)Instruments for refraction - retinoscope, duochrome test, cross cylinderInstruments for measuring lenses - focimeter

Lab 1 Measurement of Dispersion using a Spectrometer

Lab 2 Measurement of the transmisson curves of coloured filters

Lab 3 Mixing coloured light and measuring spherical aberations

Lab 4 Measuring chromatic aberations

Lab 5 Building a microscope and telescope from component lenses


Clinical Optics. Elkington AR, Frank HJ, Greaney MJ (1999). Blackwell Science. Oxford, Third Edition. ISBN:0632049898

Duke Elder's Practice of Refraction (1978), Revised by David Abrams. Churchill Livingstone, Ninth Edition.ISBN: 0443014787 (Note: Out of print but available in the library)

Physics for Opthalmologists. Edited by Coster DJ. Churchill Livingstone, First Edition. ISBN: 0443049351

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 1.5 hrs Semester2

70 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Laboratory Reports 2 30 Summer vacation As universitypolicy




1. Module Title COMMUNICATING SCIENCE


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5




11. Module Moderator Dr HC Boston Physics [email protected]




15. Mode of Delivery Workshops



17. ContactHours

24Workshop sessions

24





Completion of Year 1 Science Programme


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To improve science students' skills in communicating scientific information in a wide range of contextsTo develop students' understanding of some concepts of:

Science in generalTheir particular area of scienceOther areas of science



An ability to communicate more confidentlyAn understanding of some of the key factors in successful communicationAn appreciation of the needs of different audiencesExperience of a variety of written and oral mediaA broader appreciation of science and particular areas of science


The learning and teaching strategy is essentially one of Problem Based Learning in the context of 3communication situations. In each case the students will have three-hour workshop sessions, including anintroductory talk, exercises, discussion and production of Aims, Objectives and Evaluation Criteria for theparticular situation. The students will then give their presentations in a following session (including writtenmaterial) and receive constructive evaluation from each other and the tutor.

31. Syllabus

The three communication situations will be:-

1. Undergraduate (Level 1) lecture in student's own discipline.2. Research talk to scientists (based on departmental research).3. Presentation about science to a non-specialist audience.


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Workshop Sessions 2 100 None:exemption approved10/12/2004


Approx. 50% writtenpresentations, 50%oral presentations



1. Module Title THE PHYSICS TOOLBOX


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof RN McGrath Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr DT Joss Physics [email protected]


Mathematical Sciences


Dr T Moore Physics [email protected] TM Mohaupt Mathematical Sciences [email protected]





17. ContactHours

24 36Problems classes

60





As advised by the Physics department


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (2) F300 (2) F521 (2) F3F5 (2) F352 (2) F350 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To reinforce students' prior knowledge of mathematical techniques.To introduce new mathematical techniques for physics modules.To enhance students' problem-solving abilities through structured application of these techniques inphysics.


After completing the module, students should

have knowledge of all the mathematical techniques neccessary for physics and astrophysicsprogrammesbe able to apply these mathematical techniques in a range of physics and astrophysics problems.


The "tool-box" of mathematical techniques, together with many examples of their implementation in physicsand astrophysics situations, will be introduced in the lectures. The weekly problems classes will require thestudents to implement these techniques in a series of graduated questions, exercises and problems. Theseclasses will be overseen by the module teachers and demonstrators, who will offer assistance when required.The students work will be handed in at the end of each session and marked by one of the module teachers.

31. Syllabus

1 Topic 1: Problem-solving in physics and astrophysics using basic mathematicaltechniques

Review of key results in complex numbers, vector algebra, determinants and matrices(multiplication, inverses, eigenvectors and eigenvalues, simultaneous equations),differentiation, expansion and approximation, integration, summation and averaging(including chain rule and integration by parts), trigonometry, Fourier series andanalysis. Application to selected problems in physics and astrophysics.

Topic 2: Scalar and Vector Fields in physics and astrophysics

Differentiation of time dependent vectors. Scalar and vector fields. Spatialdifferentiation of a scalar field. Spatial differentiation of a vector field. Line, surface andvolume integrals. Gauss' and Stoke's theorems. Application to selected problems inphysics and astrophysics.

Topic 3: Differential Equations in physics and astrophysics

Formulating and classifying differential equations. Solving first order differentialequations. Solving second order differential equations. Application to selected problemsin physics and astrophysics.

Topic 4: Partial differential equations in physics and astrophysics

Partial differential equations. Solving partial differential equations. Application toselected problems in physics and astrophysics.

Topic 5: Particle motion in physics and astrophysics

Kinematics of particle motion. Forces and Potentials. Gravity and projectile motion.Motion of charged particle in a magnetic field. Work and Energy. Central forces.Inverse square laws of force. Orbits. The two-body problem. Rotating coordinatesystems. Application to selected problems in physics and astrophysics.

Topic 6: Rigid body motion in physics and astrophysics

Relativity and relativistic particle mechanics. Centre of Mass. Angular momentum.Moments of Inertia. Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems. Euler's equations.Applications to selected problems in physics and astrophysics.


The recommended text is:

Further mathematics for the physical sciences, M. Tinker and R. Lambourne (Wiley)

Several texts can be used as reference books:

Engineering Mathematics, K.A. Stroud

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, K.A. Stroud

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, E. Kreysig

Mathematics for engineers and scientists, A. Jeffrey

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


1 60 August


% of finalmark



Notes

Problem Sheets 1 40 Recoveryopportunity inSummer

As universitypolicy



1. Module Title ACCELERATORS AND RADIOISOTOPES IN MEDICINE


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof RD Page Physics [email protected]








17. ContactHours

24 4 24Poster project

52





PHYS136 or PHYS122


PHYS386


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the students to ionising and non ionising radiation including its origins and production.To introduce the various ways in which radiation interacts with materials.To introduce the different accelerators and isotopes used in medicine and to give examples of their use.To develop the students presentational skills through the poster project.



A basic knowledge of the origins of radiation and its properties.An understanding of ways in which radiation interacts with materials.An understanding of how accelerators operate and how isotopes are produced.Knowledge of applications of the use of accelerators and isotopes in medicine.Improved presentational skills.


See Department of Physics Student Handbook.

31. Syllabus

Origins and properties of radiation:

Types of origins and effects of ionising and non ionising radiation. Atomicand nuclear energy levels, radiation of atoms and nuclei.

Interaction of radiation with materials:

Photoelectric and Compton effects, pair production. Attenuation andabsorption coefficients. Bethe-Bloch equation for charged particles, linearenergy transfer, stopping power and range, Bragg curve. Interaction ofmicrowaves and lasers with materials. Effects of radiation on biologicalsystems. Absorbed, equivalent and effective dose.

Accelerators and isotopes:

Acceleration of charged particles, types of accelerators used: cyclotrons,linacs and synchrotrons. Beam species and energies used. Production ofradioisotopes, properties of some common medical isotopes. Microwaves,basic properties and production.

Examples of uses:

Selected examples of uses of accelerators and isotopes in medicalapplications, such as PET, SPECT, X-ray imaging, brachytherapy, IMRTand heavy ion radiotherapy.

Poser presentation:

This will cover a topic from those listed above.


"Nuclear Physics: Principles & Applications" by John Lilley published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT

33. EXAM Duration Timing % of Resit/resubmission Penalty for late Notes







Notes

Poster ProjectAssessment





1. Module Title PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS & MEDICALPHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr AJ Boston Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr JH Vossebeld Physics [email protected]



Dr P Cole Radiation Protection [email protected]





17. ContactHours

6 36 42







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop skills in programming using a OO languageTo use programming techniques to solve problems in physics and/or medical applications of physicsTo develop skills in modelling the solution to a problemTo give students experience of working in small groups to solve a problemTo give students experience of communicating their results using computer packages



Knowledge of programming techniques in an OO programming languageThe ability to solve simple problems using a computer programUnderstanding the need to plan, properly structure and test computer programsSet up a model to solve a simple problemExperience of working in a small groupImproved communication skills using computer packages


See Department of Physics Undergraduage Handbook

31. Syllabus

PHYS247 Introduction to Java language using a simple program that outputs text anddoes simple calculations. This will be used to evaluate simple formulae.Use of more complex programming methods including parameter lists andloops; use of these for numerical integration and more complex mathematicalexpressions.Use of arrays, import of arrays into Excel and graph drawing.Use of random numbers; generation of histograms and gaussians, saving datato disk.Application of these techniques to problems through the use of sampleprograms.


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Reports on Exercises 2 60 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy


Report on FinalProject


As universitypolicy




1. Module Title PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr S Burdin Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr CP Welsch Physics [email protected]



Dr L Moran Physics [email protected] A Wolski Physics [email protected]


15. Mode of Delivery Lectures/Tutorials/Practicals



17. ContactHours

22 4 30 56





PHYS123 or equivalent, MATH186 or equivalent


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (2) F303 (2) F352 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To show how information from physical processes may be coded in analogue and digital electronicsignals.To introduce the basic principles of analogue electronic signal processing.To give an introduction to Boolean algebra and its application to digital signal processing.To give a brief survey of current practice in signal processing technology.To develop the student's circuit building and problem solving skills as applied to electronic circuits andlogic problems.To develop the practical and technical skills required for electronics experimentation and anappreciation of the importance of a systematic approach to experimental measurement.



Knowledge of some basic methods of generating electrical signals proportional to physical quantities.The ability to analyse simple circuits involving resistors and capacitors and to determine their responseto sinusoidal and square pulse waveforms.An understanding of three-terminal semiconductor devices and their application to resistance-coupledamplifiers.Knowledge about positive and negative feedback and the effect they have on amplifiers.An understanding of binary arithmetic and the use of Boolean algebra to analyse the operation of basiccombinatorial and sequential logic circuits.An awareness of the principles involved in converting analogue form signals to digital form and viceversa.The skill to assemble, test and debug simple circuits involving the use of both passive and activeelectronic components.Improved written and oral communication skills.



31. Syllabus

Signals and components:- sinusoidal and pulse signals, voltage and currentsources, resistive and reactive components.Linear circuit analysis:- D.C. circuit analysis, Thevenin’s theorem; Revision ofA.C. analysis using complex numbers; Resistive and reactive networks, analysisusing complex number techniques; Filters, response to sinusoidal and pulsesignals.Non-linear devices:- Semiconductor properties, p-n junction, use as a diode,rectification; Electronic control of current, 3-terminal devices, properties of JFET;Resistance-coupled voltage amplifier.Operational amplifiers:- Basic concept, negative feedback and virtual earthprinciple; Operational amplifier circuits, amplifier and voltage follower; Functioncircuits, addition, subtraction, differentiation and integration.Digital circuits and logic systems:- 3-terminal devices as switches; Logic gates,practical logic gate circuits; Boolean algebra, logic analysis via truth tables; deMorgan’s theorem, examples including XOR gate; Binary addition, decoders andmultiplexers; Minimisation of logic expressions, Karnaugh maps.Sequential logic:- Bistable systems - flip-flops with synchronous andasynchronous operation; Flip-flops as memory elements - binary counters andshift registers.Interfaces:- Digital to analogue (DAC) and analogue to digital (ADC) conversion- principles; DAC with weighted resistor network; Counter ADC, integrator ADC,flash ADC.

Timer circuits:- 555 Timer applications.

Practical Syllabus

There are give experiments which are carried out in the same order by all students:

E1 Filters and rectificaction - sections 2 and 3E2 FET amplifiers and switching circuits - sections 3 and 5E3 Operational Amplifiers - section 4E4 Logic Circuits - sections 5 and 6E5 Interface circuits - section 7


"Analog and Digital Electronics" by P H Beards, published by Prentice Hall

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Practical Work 2 30 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title INTRODUCTION TO STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr MJ Darnley Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr T Moore Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

30 4 34





PHYS122 or equivalent and PHYS134



24. Linked Modules:



F3F5 (2) F521 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide students with an understanding of the physical processes which determine all aspects of thestructure and evolution stars, from their birth to their death.To enable students to determine the basic physical properties of stars via observation (e.g.determination of temperatures, masses and radii etc. using continuum fluxes, broad-band colours, lineprofiles etc).



knowledge of how the basic physical properties of stars can be determined from observation.an understanding of how stellar structure can be probed using observable quantities and simple physicalprinciples.an understanding of the changes in structure and energy sources for stars throughout their lives.



31. Syllabus

PHYS251 Introduction & observables

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Observables: Luminosity, colours, temperature.Measurement of stellar parameters (mass, radius, luminosity) and interrelations.

Physical state of stars

Hydrostatic equilibrium. The virial theorem and energy sources. Radiative andconvective energy transport mechanisms. The four mechanical equations of stellarstructure. Stellar interiors: Equations of state. Opacity. Nucleosynthesis.

Introduction to stellar atmospheres

Radiative energy, and flow. Equation of Radiative Transport. Line formation at theatomic level, including excitation and ionization. Line broadening mechanisms.

Stellar evolution

The onset of star formation. Jeans mass and length. Cloud fragmentation. Pre-mainsequence evolution - Hayashi contraction. Convective and radiative stars. Scalinganalysis.

Structure of stars on the Main sequence and their respective lifetimes. Mass loss.

Solar Neutrinos

Post main sequence evolution - Central fuel exhaustion and core contraction/collapse.Structure of evolving stars and evolutionary tracks on Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.Low mass stars: helium flash, thermal pulsing, nebulae generation and white dwarfgeneration. High mass stars: carbon burning, blue loop excursions, supernovaexplosions.


"An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution" D Prialnik, CUP, published by CUP.

Background Reading:

"The Physics of Stars" A C Phillips, Wiley & Sons

"Stellar Astrophysics I: Basic Stellar Observation & Data" E Bohm-Vitense, CUP

"Stellar Astrophysics II: Stellar Atmospheres" E Bohm-Vitense, CUP

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 3 hours 2 80 August resit forYr2 students only.Yr3 and Yr4students resit atthe next normalopportunity.


% of finalmark



Notes

Case Study Essay 2 20 Summer vacation As universitypolicy




1. Module Title ASTRONOMICAL TECHNIQUES


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15




11. Module Moderator Dr J Simpson Physics [email protected]



Dr SM Percival Physics





17. ContactHours

6 36 6Problem Classes

48





PHYS134, PHYS111


PHYS394


24. Linked Modules:



F3F5 (2) F521 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop students' understanding of various techniques of data gathering and analysis in modernastronomy with particular emphasis on the underlying physics, allied with gaining practical experience



knowledge of the methods employed in the detection and analysis of light.a clear understanding of the methods employed in astronomical photometry.experience of the acquisition, reduction and analysis of astronomical data.


See the Department of Physics Undergraduate Handbook

31. Syllabus

PHYS252 The laboratory-based section of the module will consist of practical experiments in thegeneral area of detection and analysis of light, for example:

the resolution of a telescopecharacteristics of an astronomical CCD cameraemission lines of atomic hydrogen: The Balmer seriesphotometry of supernova 1995Gmeasuring galaxy redshift

The lectrue component will concentrate on positional astronomy and astronomicalphotometry covering the following areas: signal to noise calculations, detectors, filersystems, relative and absolute photometry, atmospheric effects, photometric standards.

These lectures will be followed up by an exercise on the analysis of real photometricdata of clusters, stars, galaxies or variable objects. A written assignment will also beproduced consisting of a case study of an individual astronomical object.


"Astrophysical Techniques" by C R Kitchin, published by Adam Hilger

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Laboratory PracticalWork


As universitypolicy


Essay 2 20 Summer vacation As universitypolicy


Photometry Exercise 2 20 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy


Class Test 2 10 None:exemption approved10/12/2004





1. Module Title THERMODYNAMICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr TG Shears Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr L Moran Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36





PHYS124 or equivalent MATH186 or equivalent


PHYS393


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (2) F303 (2) F3F5 (2) F521 (2) F656 (2) F3F7 (3) F352 (2) F350 (2) FG31 (2) F344 (2) F326 (2) FGH1 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on material presented in the Year 1 module: Thermal PhysicsTo introduce the concept of entropyTo introduce thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell's relations and demonstrate their useTo introduce phase changes and phase equilibriumTo introduce statistical mechanics



Knowledge of the laws of thermodynamics.Familiarity with entropy and thermodynamic potentials.Knowledge of Maxwell's relations and their use in solving simple problems.The ability to distinguish between the properties of ideal and real gases.The ability to apply thermodynamics to simple situations involving solids.Knowledge of phase equilibrium and phase changes including the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.Familiarity with Boltmann distribution, Partition Function and Bridge Equation.The ability to apply statistical mechanics to paramagnets, harmonic oscillators and gases.



31. Syllabus

Thermoydnamics:

Review of Year 1 ThermoydnamicsUse of partial differentiationEntropyThermodynamic potentialsMaxwell's relationsPhonons and heat capacityCompressible materialsMagnetic systemsCavity radiationPhase equilibriaThird law of thermodynamics

Statistical Mechanics:

Basic concepts (microstates, macrostates, statistical weight, entropy)Boltmann distributionPartial function and Bridge equationApplication to Paramagnet and Harmonic OscillatorPerfect Classical, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Gases


"Thermal Physics" by C B Finn, published by Stanley Thornes

"Statistical Physics" by A M Guenault, published by Chapman and Hall

ASSESSMENT






% of finalmark



Notes

Class Test or ITExercises






1. Module Title ELECTROMAGNETISM


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof CT Touramanis Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof TJ Greenshaw Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

30 4 2Class test

36







PHYS370


24. Linked Modules:



F521 (2) F303 (2) F300 (2) F3F5 (2) F656 (2) F350 (2) F352 (2) F3F7 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To consolidate elementary material from Year 1 and to provide the requisite background for furthermore advanced study of electromagnetic waves and electromagnetim.To introduce differential vector analysis in the context of electromagnetism.To introduce the formulation of Maxwell's equations in the presence of dielectric and magneticmaterials.To develop the students ability to apply Maxwell's equations to simple problems involving dielectric andmagnetic materials.To develop the ideas of field theories in Physics using electromagnetism as an example.



Knowledge of the application of differential analysis to electromagnetism and an understanding of thepractical meaning of Maxwell's equations in differential form.Simple knowledge and understanding of how the presence of matter affects electrostatics andmagnetostatics and the ability to solve simple problems in these situations.Knowledge and understanding of how the laws are altered with non static electric and magnetic fieldsand an ability to solve simple problems in these situations.



31. Syllabus

PHYS254 Introduction and necessary mathematics

Electrostatics

Revision: Coulomb's law and the electric fieldRevision: Electric flux and Gauss' lawRevision: Circulation and electric potentialCalculating the field from the potential (gradient)Gauss law in differential form (divergence)Circulation law in differential form (curl)Poisson's and Laplace's equations and their solutions

Magnetostatics

Revision: Definition of magnetic field and calculation of the forceRevision: Calculating the field: the Biot-Savart lawCirculation and Ampere's law in differential formMagnetic flux and Gauss law in differential formMagnetic vector potential

Electromagnetism

Faraday's law in differential formAmpere-Maxwell law in differential formMaxwell's equations and their solutions

Electrical magnetic fields in materials

Electrostatic fields and conductors (method of images)Electrostatic fields in dielectricsMagnetostatic fields in materials

Energy in the electric and magnetic fields

Electrostatic energyEnergy in the magnetic field

Electromagnetic Waves

Derivation from Maxwell's Equations; speed of lightEnergy flow, poynting vector

Special Relativity

Relativistic invariance of chargeLorentz transformation of electromagnetic fieldsEM of moving charges


"Introduction to Electromadynamics" by D. J. Griffiths, 3rd ed. published by Prentice Hall

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes

Class Test or ITExercises






1. Module Title QUANTUM AND ATOMIC PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr ES Paul Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof M Klein Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

28 4 12Project

44







PHYS361


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (2) F303 (2) F352 (2) F350 (2) F3F5 (2) F521 (2) BCG0 (2) FGH1 (2) F344 (2) FG31 (2) F326 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce students to the concepts of quantum theory.To show how Schrodinger's equation is applied to particle flux and to bound states.To show how quantum ideas provide an understanding of atomic structure.To develop both written and oral presentation skills.



An understanding of the reasons why microscopic systems require quantum description and statisticalinterpretation.Knowledge of the Schrodinger equation and how it is formulated to describe simple physical systems.Understanding of the basic technique of using Schrodinger's equation and ability to determine solutionsin simple cases.Understanding of how orbital angular momentum is described in quantum mechanics and why there isa need for spin.Understanding how the formalism of quantum mechanics describes the structure of atomic hydrogenand, schematically, how more complex atoms are described.Improved written and oral communication skills.



31. Syllabus

Introduction to wave mechanics (3)

Summary of breakdown of classical physics and wave nature of matter.Wavefunctions, wave packet and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.Normalisation and particle in a box.

Schrodinger equation - plane wave solutions (5)

Shcrodinger equation, boundary conditions and plane wave solutions.Current density and step potential.Potential barrier and tunnelling.Transmission over a barrier, Ramsauer effect.

Bound states (8)

Concept of bound states.Finite potential well.1-D harmonic oscillator.Applications of the harmonic oscillator.Zero point energy.Operators and eigenvalues.3-D infinite potential.Orbital angular momentum and 3-D Schrodinger equation applied to a centralpotential.

Atomic structure (8)

Comparison of Bohr with Schrodinger solutions for hydrogen.Quantum numbers and spectroscopic notation.Magnetic moments and Zeeman effect.Stern Gerlach experiment and spin.Spin-orbit interaction and Lande g-factor.

Pauli exclusion principle.Periodic table and Hunds rule.Transitions and X-rays.


"Introduction to Quantum Mechanics" by A.C. Phillips, published by Wiley.

"Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei & Particles" by Eisberg & Resnick, published by Wiley.

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

ScienceCommunicationProject (Written)



ScienceCommunicationProject (Oral)

1 10 Summer vacation N/A asassessment istimetabled




1. Module Title NUCLEI, MOLECULES AND SOLIDS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr A Mehta Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof JB Dainton Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

21 4 25





PHYS255 MATH186


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (2) F300 (2) F3F5 (2) F303 (2) F521 (2) F352 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on material presented in Year 1 modules and in the year two module PHYS255.To introduce molecular physics and the band structure of solids.To introduce nuclear size, mass and decay modes with some applications.To introduce particle physics including interactions between elementary particles, the standard modeland recent experimental discoveries.To introduce relativistic 4-vectors for applications to collision problems.To develop both written and oral presentational skills.



Knowledge of how atoms are built into molecules and solids with some properties of both.Understanding of the basic principles determining nuclear size, mass and decay modes.Knowledge of elementary particles and their interactions and how these are understood andinvestigated in recent particle physics experiments.Basic understanding of relativistic 4-vectors.Improved written and oral communication skills.



31. Syllabus

Molecules

Hydrogen molecule, electronic configurations.Molecular rotation, spectra, selection rules.Molecular vibrations, zero point energy, selection rules.

Solids

Types of solid.Crystal structure and Bragg diffraction.Band theory of solids. Free electron model.Conductors, insulators, semiconductors.Elasticity.

Nuclear Physics

Rutherford scattering, electron scattering, nuclear size.Masses of nuclei, binding energy, semi-empirical mass fomula.Nuclear instability, decay modes.Applications of nuclear techniques, including dating, astrophysics and neutrinos.

Particle Physics

Forces and interactions, strong and weak interactions.Basic ideas of the standard model.Recent experimental discoveries.

Relativistic Mechanics

Principle of invariance.Introduction to 4-vectors.Relativistic collisions.


"Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei & Particles" by Eisberg & Resnick, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

ScienceCommunicationProject (Written)



ScienceCommunicationProject (Oral)

2 10 Summer vacation N/A asassessment istimetabled




1. Module Title WAVES AND RELATED PHENOMENA


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr BT King Physics [email protected]








17. ContactHours

24 4 30 58







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (2) F303 (2) F352 (2) F3F5 (2) F521 (2) F350 (2) F656 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on material presented in year one modules.To introduce the use of waves in a wide range of physics.To give the student familiarity with interference and diffraction effects in many branches of physics.To develop the student's practical and technical skills.To give the student experience in making exact measurements using wave techniques.To develop the student's ability to present complex information clearly and precisely.



Familarity with waves and their analysis using the complex number notation.Knowledge of interference and diffraction effects and their use in physical situations.Understanding of impedance.Acquired an introduction to the ideas of Fourier techniques.Acquired an introduction to the basic princples of LASERs.Improved practical and technical skills required for experimentation.Improved skill at planning, executing and reporting on the results of an investigation.



31. Syllabus

Wave motion

Review of waves in one dimension - use of complex number notationThe wave equation and its solution - one dimensional and three dimensionalWaves in elastic media, earthquake wavesElectromagnetic waves in free space as an examplePhase velocity, coherenceConcept of impedanceAmplitude Reflection coefficient, Amplitude Transmission coefficientEnergy reflection at changes of impedance

Superposition of waves

Addition of waves, beats, standing waves, wave packets, dispersion and groupvelocityPhased Array RadarCircular polarisation

Bandwidth and Fourier analysis

Bandwidth theorems, relation to the uncertainty principleFourier analysis, pulses of radiation, restricted apertures (diffraction), relation tobandwidth theorem

Diffraction

Define Fraunhofer conditionSingle slit and circular apertureEffect of aperture size on interference patterns

LASERs and their applications

Basic principles of LASERs

Construction and operations of LASERsSome applications: optical fibres, communications, fusion, measurement,laboratory work

Examples

Throughout there should be examples of where wave phenomena are met in physics.

Some examples include:

Particles as waves - de Broglie waves, scattering experiments (electron,nuclear)X-ray/neutron diffraction - use of wave phenomena to study atomic and crystalsizesOptical systems - limits due to diffraction and interference, resolutionElectromagnetic waves - long wavelength examples of transmission, Poynting'svectorSound/seismic waves - examples of wave equation solutions and polarisation


"Optics" by E Hecht, published by Addison Wesley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Practical Assignment1 - MathCadexercises


As universitypolicy


Practical Assignment2 - MathCadexercises


As universitypolicy


Practical Assignment3 - PowerPointexercise


As universitypolicy




1. Module Title PRACTICAL PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr JR Fry Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr DS Martin Physics [email protected]



Dr L Moran Physics [email protected] CA Lucas Physics [email protected] CP Welsch Physics [email protected] TG Shears Physics [email protected] ES Paul Physics [email protected] VR Dhanak Physics [email protected] BT King Physics [email protected]


15. Mode of Delivery Practicals



17. ContactHours

72 72





PHYS111 or equivalent


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (2) F300 (2) F303 (2) F352 (2)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop the student's experimental and practical skills in:-

Setting up and calibrating equipmentTaking reliable and reproducible dataCalculating experimental results and their associated errorsUsing Line-Fit, MathCad and other computer software to analyse dataWriting a coherent account of the experimental procedure and conclusionsUnderstanding physics in depth by performing specific experiments



Improved practical skills and experienceA detailed understanding of the fundamental physics behind the experimentsIncreased confidence in setting up and calibrating equipmentFamiliarity with IT packages for calculating, displaying and presenting resultsEnhanced ability to plan, execute and report the results of an investigationAn appreciation of the role of mathematical modelling in describing physical phenomenaAwareness of the importance of communicating results and experimental errors



31. Syllabus

Further training in experimental techniques and data analysis.Making measurements, analysing data and drawing conclusions from a varietyof experiments in physics appropriate to Year 2 of study.


None. A laboratory manual is provided.

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Practical Work 1 100 None:exemption approved10/12/2004

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title FURTHER COMMUNICATING SCIENCE


3. Year 201011


Physics



7. Credit Level Level Three

8. Credit Value 7.5








15. Mode of Delivery Workshops



17. ContactHours

12Workshop sessions

12




Workshops


Completion of Year 2 Science Programme Completion of PHYS241 Communicating Science


None


Undergraduate Ambassador Scheme in PHYS379

24. Linked Modules:




PHYS (3,4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To improve science students' skills in communicating scientific information in a range of contextsTo develop students' understanding of physics educationTo develop students’ ability to collect, reduce & analyse non-physics data



An ability to communicate more confidently An understanding of some of the key factors in successful physics education An appreciation of how to evaluate the success of physics education Experience of a variety of written and oral media


The learning and teaching strategy is essentially one of enquiry based learning. Two scenarios/case studieswill be developed for which the students will prepare and present solutions in a seminar setting, where theirinput in the discussion is assessed. Literature review and data analysis techniques will be developed inworkshop sessions to support the case studies. This will be supported by use of patchwork text for reflectionon learning and e-portfolios for development.

31. Syllabus

1 The case studies will be based on 2 different key stage levels:

pre-GCSE, large group A-level, small group transition to university


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Written report 2 25 Summer vacation As universitypolicy

Oral Presentation &seminar contribution


Group written report 2 25 Summer vacation As universitypolicy

Patchwork Text(reflection onlearning)




1. Module Title PHYSICS FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY PROJECT


3. Year 201011


Physics


6. Semester Whole Session


8. Credit Value 30



Prof CA Lucas Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr U Klein Physics [email protected]



Dr SD Barrett Physics [email protected]


15. Mode of Delivery Practicals



17. ContactHours

216 216







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F352 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give the student the following:

Experience of working independently on an original problem.An opportunity to conceive, plan, propose and execute a project involving computer control of a systemof transducers.An opportunity to display the quality of their work.An opportunity to display qualities such as initiative and ingenuity.Experience of report writing, displaying high standards of composition and production.An opportunity to display communication skills.


At the end of the module,the student should have:

Experience of participation in planning all aspects of the work.Experience researching literature and other sources of relevant information.Improved skills and initiative in carrying out investigations.Improved ability to organise and manage time.A working knowledge of the hardware and software required to allow computers to communicate withother pieces of equipment.An ability to select and use hardware and software to solve a particular problem.Improved skills in report writing.Improved skills in preparing and delivering oral presentations


To achieve the aims and learning outcomes of the module, the student is provided with detailed instructionson the programming language to be used and on the operation of the various electronic interface modulesavailable. While the student is encouraged to use their own initiative in conceiving and planning the project,close supervision is given throughout to ensure that the desired outcome is achieved.

31. Syllabus

Some introductory programming exercises are used to allow the student to becomefamiliar with the operation of the MicroLink data acquisition system. Some interfacemodules (such as analogue-to-digital converters, switches, counters, etc) are usedindividually and in combination to demonstrate how control systems can beconstructed.

In the middle of Semester 1, after having gained some experience of the capabilities ofthe various modules in the MicroLink system, the student prepares a written proposalfor a project which will occupy the remainder of the year. Details of the project aimswill be handed in at the end of the semester 1.

The student will keep a day by day diary showing the work done on the project and itsprogress. This will be handed in with the final report.

The written project report will be handed in before the end of Semester 2. The oralpresentation (or, with the approval of the Module Organiser, a poster presentation) willbe given in one of the scheduled sessions.


None

ASSESSMENT








Notes

ProgrammingExercises

1 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Written ProjectProposal


As universitypolicy


Written ProjectReport


As universitypolicy


Oral ProjectPresentation

20 mins 2 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances





1. Module Title QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ATOMIC PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof P Allport Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr A Mehta Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36







PHYS480


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (3) F303 (3) F3F5 (3) F521 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the second year module on Quantum and Atomic PhysicsTo develop the formalism of quantum mechanicsTo develop an understanding that atoms are quantum systemsTo enable the student to follow elementary quantum mechanical arguments in the literature and providea basis for work in Semester 2 modules



Understanding of the role of wavefunctions, operators, eigenvalue equations, symmetries,compatibility/non-compatibility of observables and perturbation theory in quantum mechanical theory.An ability to solve straightforward problems - different bound states and perturbing interactions.Developed knowledge and understanding of the quantum mechanical description of atoms - singleparticle levels, coupled angular momentum, fine structure, transition selection rules.Developed a working knowledge of interactions, electron configurations and coupling in atoms.


See Department of Physics Undergraduate Student Handbook

31. Syllabus

Quantum Mechanics:

Operators, observables, eigenfunctions and eignvaluesDirac and wavefunction representationsProbability distributionsTime evolution of wavefunctionsMany-particle systemsBound statesSimple harmonic motionAngular momentumCentral potentialFree particlesCompatible and incompatible observablesHeisenberg's uncertainty principleSymmetries - inversion, translation, rotation, exchangeGeneralisation to J, ladder operatorsSpinAddition of angular momentumPerturbation theory

Atomic Physics:

Hydrogen atom, fine structureHelium atomRadiative transitions, selection rulesMulti-electron atoms, periodic classification, Hund's rulesAtoms in a magnetic field


"Quantum Mechanics" by F Mandl, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 3 hours 1 100 August resit forPGT studentsonly. Yr3 and Yr4students resit atthe next normalopportunity.


% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title ADVANCED OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr I Steele Physics

11. Module Moderator Dr IK Baldry Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36





PHYS251 and PHYS252


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F3F5 (3) F521 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce students to the experimental techniques which enable astrophysicists to use the full rangeof the electromagnetic spectrum to study the physics of astronomical objects.To become familiar with the design of telescopes across the electromagnetic spectrum.To understand the physical basis of light detection across the spectrum.To understand observing techniques such as photometry, spectroscopy, adaptive optics, interferometry.


At the end of the module the student should:

Understand and be able to compare and contrast the basic techniques and problems involved inobserving all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrumUnderstand and be able to use and experimental concepts, as applied to observational astrophysics, ofsignal-to-noise ratio, sampling, resolution.Be able to determine the observing technique most appropriate for a given scientific goal.Be able to plan observations at a variety of wavelengths


See the Department of Physics Undergraduate Student Handbook

31. Syllabus

PHYS362

PHYS362 Telescopes and detectors

Basic design of telescopes across the electromagnetic spectrum.Detectors from millimeter wavelengths to gamma-rays. Physical principles,operations.

Spectroscopic techniques

Energy-sensitive detectors. Dispersive techniques based on gratings and/oretalons.

Observing and data analysis techniques

Sampling, resolution. Signal-to-noise ratio, data quality assessment.Calibration of raw data.Photometry and spectroscopy.Adaptive optics.Interferometry.


G. Rieke: "Detection of Light. From the Ultraviolet to the Submillimeter", Cambridge University Press,2003 (2nd edition).

D. J. Schroeder: "Astronomical Optics", Academic Press, 2000

C R Kitchin: "Astrophysical Techniques", Institute of Physics Publishing, 2003 (4th edition)

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes

Written Examination 3 hours 2 70 Next normalopportunity


% of finalmark



Notes

Tutorial Work 4 hours 2 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances



Class Test 1 hour 2 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances





1. Module Title CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5




11. Module Moderator Prof WA Hofer Chemistry [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 2 18





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (3) F352 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop concepts introduced in Year 1 and Year 2 modules which relate to solids.To consolidate concepts related to crystal structure and to introduce the concept of reciprocal space.To enable the students to apply these concepts to the description of crystals, lattice dynamics and theelectronic structure of condensed matter.To illustrate the use of these concepts in scientific research in condensed matter.



Familiarity with the crystalline nature of both perfect and real materials.An understanding of the fundamental principles of the properties of condensed matter.An appreciation of the relationship between the real space and the reciprocal space view of theproperties of crystalline matter.An ability to describe the crystal structure and electronic structure of matter.An awareness of current physics research in condensed matter



31. Syllabus

Structure I: Crystallography: Crystallographic definitions, Bravais Lattices and Spacegroups, Common Crystal Structures, Indexing of crystal planes, Stacking sequencesand crystal defects (4 lectures).

Structure II: Diffraction and the Reciprocal Lattice: Laue diffraction conditions, thereciprocal lattice and diffraction, the diffracted intensity (4 lectures).

Phonons I: Crystal Vibrations: Vibrations of monatomic lattice, phonons (2 lectures).

Phonons II: Thermal Properties: Density of phonon modes, specific heat capacity -Einstein and Debye, thermal conductivity (2 lectures).

Electrons I: Free Electron Fermi Model: The free electron gas, density of states (2lectures)

Electrons II: Nearly Free Electron Model: Basics, Fermi surfaces and densities ofstates (2 lectures)


"Introduction to Solid State Physics" by C Kittel published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


1 100 August resit forPGT studentsonly. Yr3 and Yr4students resit atthe next normalopportunity.


% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETISM


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr A Wolski Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof R Herzberg Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36





PHYS254 and PHYS258 or equivalents MATH283 or equivalent is strongly recommended


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (3) F303 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on first and second year modules on electricity, magnetism and wavesTo study solutions to the wave equation for electromagnetism in free space, in matter and atboundariesTo study solutions to the wave equation for electromagnetism in transmission lines, wave guides andcavitiesTo study propagation through dispersive mediaTo study electric dipole radiationTo study radiation from simple antenna arraysTo introduce 4-vector represnetation of electromagnetism in special relativityTo further develop the students' problem-solving and analytic skills



An understanding of wave like solutions to electromagnetic problems by using plane waves andboundary conditionsAn understanding of the principles governing the guiding of electromagnetic wavesAn understanding of the principles governing the emission and absorption at dipole antennaeAn understanding of the principles of dispersionAn understanding of retarded potentialsAn understanding of electric dipole radiationAn understanding of the transformation properties of E and BAn enhanced ability to apply problem-solving and analytic skills to solve simple problems in each of theabove areas



31. Syllabus

Introduction, Maxwell's equations and underlying physics. Waves in free space,waves in a conducting medium. Poynting vector. Skin depth and shielding.Boundary conditions at an interface between two media. Derivation of theFresnel equations. Polarisation on reflection, total internal reflection. Reflectionfrom a conductor.Waves in a rectangular conducting cavity. Microwave oven. Rectangularwaveguides, TE and TM modes, energy transmission. Practical waveguides.Dielectric waveguides and optical fibres.Transmission lines. Solution of basic equations, reflection, attenuation, standingwaves. Applications of transmission lines.Dispersion. Experimental situation. Dispersion in gases, solids, liquids andconductors. Propagation in the upper atmosphere.Scalar and Vector potentials. Gauge Invariance and Charge Conservation.Retarded potentials.Dipole radiation. Near and far field approximations. Radiated power. Half waveantenna, antenna rays. Satellite communications.Electromagnetism and Special Relativity. Current and potential 4-vectors.Minkowski representation. Transformation properties of E and B, fields due tocharge in uniform motion.


"Electromagnetism 2nd Edition" by I S Grant & W R Phillips, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title GALAXIES


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr PA James Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr M Salaris Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36





PHYS251


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F3F5 (3) F521 (4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide students with a broad overview of these complex yet fundamental systems which interact atone end with the physics of stars and the interstellar medium and at the other with cosmology and thenature of large-scale structures in the UniverseTo develop in students an understanding of how the various distinct components in galaxies evolve andinteract



The ability to describe and discuss the structure and evolution of galaxies and their various componentsAn understanding of and an ability to explain the detailed interplay between these componentsKnowledge of their cumulative effect on the chemical, dynamical and spectral evolution of the galaxy asa whole



31. Syllabus

The Structure of Galaxies

Size and basic structure of the Milky Way, the galactic centre. Morphologicalclassification of galaxies. Characteristic light profiles of spirals and ellipticals.

The Content of Galaxies

Ages and distributions of stellar populations. Atomic gas: the 21-cm line, atomichydrogen in the Milky Way and other galaxies, interstellar clouds, gas motions in theISM. Ionised gas: exciting stars, Hll regions. Abundances of other elements. Interstellardust: extinction, reddening, scattering and infrared emission. Size, shape, nature andquantity of dust.

Dynamics & Stability of Galaxies

Rotation of disc galaxies. Dark matter. The Tully-Fisher relation. Spiral structure.Velocity dispersion in elliptical galaxies and bulges. Relaxation. Time scales. Overviewof bsic ideas of galaxy formation. Searches for high redshift and primeval galaxies.

Evolutionary Phenomena in Galaxies

Stellar populations and the spectral evolution of galaxies. The origin and evolution ofthe chemical elements. Dynamical evolution and interactions of the ISM. Starformation. The Butcher-Oemler effect and the faint blue population at high redshift.Interactions and mergers, hot gas in galaxy clusters, fountains, bridges, starbursts andcooling flows. Morphology - density relations. Galaxy luminosity functions.

Active Galaxies

Quasars, nuclear black holes, Active Galactic Nuclei, and Unified Schemes.


"The Structure and Evolution of Galaxies", S. Phillipps, published by Wiley

"Galactic Astronomy", J Binney & M Merrifield, published by Princeton University Press

"An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics" by B Carroll & D Ostlie, published by Addison-Wesley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes

Class Test 1 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances





1. Module Title RELATIVITY AND COSMOLOGY


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr IK Baldry Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr D Carter Physics [email protected]



Prof C Collins PhysicsDr MJ Darnley Physics [email protected]





17. ContactHours

32 4 36





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F3F5 (3) F521 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the ideas of general relativity and demonstrate its relevance to modern astrophysicsTo provide students with a full and rounded introduction to modern observational cosmologyTo develop the basic theoretical background required to understand and appreciate the significance ofrecent results from facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Cosmic Background Explorer



The ability to explain the relationship between Newtonian gravity and Einstein's General Relativity (GR)Understanding of the concept of curved space time and knowledge of metricsA broad and up-to-date knowledge of the basic ideas, most important discoveries and outstandingproblems in modern cosmologyKnowledge of how simple cosmological models of the universe are constructedThe ability to calculate physical parameters and make observational predictions for a range of suchmodels.


Module will be delivered in 32 lectures and accompanied by written handouts, which closely follow thematerial. Lecturer will make use of recent observational results in the field to underpin concepts and helpexplain the reasoning behind the most popular cosmological models. In addition to the usual tutorials, a fewlectures will be turned into classwork using past exam paper questions.

31. Syllabus

PHYS374 The physical basis of General Relativity (GR)

The need for relativistic ideas and a theory of gravitation. Difficulties with Newtonianmechanics and the inadequacy of SR. Mach's principles, Einstein's principle ofequivalence.

Curved spacetime

Geodesics, curved spaces, the metric tensor and the relationship between curvatureand gravitation.

Introduction to Cosmology

The origin and fate of the Universe. From Pythagoras to Herschel. Assumptionsunderlying the modern cosmology. Galaxies, clusters and superclusters.

Geometry of the Universe

Euclidean and curved spaces. The Robertson-Walker metric. Expansion and theHubble law. Redshift as a consequence of R-W metric. Cosmological angulardiameter-distance & luminosity-distance relations.

Dynamical evolution

The dynamical equations. The Friedmann models, open, closed, Einstein-de Sittercases. Definition of Qo and Wo. The age of the Universe. Proper luminosity andangular distances in terms of Ho and z. Minimal angular diameter. Horizon size.Determinations of cosmological parameters. The distance scale. Limits on qo and Wo.

The Hot Big Bang

Matter and radiation dominated eras. Cosmic Background Radiation (COBE). Briefhistory of the Universe from the Planck time to the present day.

The New Cosmology

Variations on the Standard Model. Inflation. Grand Unified Theories. Cosmic stringsand monopoles. The Anthropic Principle. The Cosmological Constant.

The History of Structure

Density fluctuations at early times. Hot and cold dark matter. Results of numericalsimulations. Matter on large scales. The dark matter problems of Wo = 1. Clusteringseen in various surveys. Gravitational lensing.


"Introduction to Modern Cosmology", A Liddle, (1999) published by Wiley

Background Reading

"Cosmological Physics", J Peacock (1999) published by CUP

"Cosmology", P Coles & F Lucchin (2001) published by Wiley

"Introduction to Cosmology", J V Narlikar (1993) published by CUP

"Cosmology: A First Course", M Luchieze-Rey (1995) published by CUP

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes

Written Assignment 2 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title NUCLEAR PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof PJ Nolan Physics [email protected]








17. ContactHours

16 2 18







PHYS490


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (3) F3F5 (3) F521 (3) F352 (3)


F350 (3) F300 (3)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the second year module involving Nuclear PhysicsTo develop an understanding of the modern view of nuclei, how they are modelled and of nuclear decayprocesses



Knowledge of evidence for the shell model of nuclei, its development and the successes and failures ofthe model in explaining nuclear propertiesKnowledge of the collective vibrational and rotational models of nucleiBasic knowledge of nuclear decay processes, alpha decay and fission, of gamma-ray transitions andinternal conversionKnowledge of isospin and its significance for nuclear structure and reactionsKnowledge of nuclear reactions



31. Syllabus

Bulk properties of nuclei

Nuclear constituents, the nuclear chartMass, binding energy, the liquid-drop modelSeparation energy, reaction Q-valueNuclear size, cross section, charge distribution

Nuclear instability

Nuclear energy surface, valley of stability, drip linesIsobaric disintegrations: beta-decay and electron captureAlpha-decay and fissionOther decay modes

The nuclear interaction

Strong intensity, short range, the nuclear potentialIsospin, charge independenceDi-nucleon statesSpin dependenceCharge exchangeIsobaric analogue states

Nuclear structure models

The nuclear many-body problemSingle-particle model: the mean fieldThe spherical nuclear shell-modelCollective structure of nuclei: vibrational and rotational models

Electromagnetic nuclear properties

Electromagnetic nuclear momentsElectromagnetic radiation - gamma-decayWeisskopf estimates

Internal conversion


"An Introduction to Nuclear Physics" by W N Cottingham and D A Greenwood, Cambridge Publishers

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title INTRODUCTION TO PARTICLE PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof M Klein Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof P Allport Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 4 20







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F521 (3) F3F5 (3) F303 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the second year module involving Nuclear and Particle PhysicsTo develop an understanding of the modern view of particles, of their interactions and the StandardModel



Basic understanding of relativistic kinematics (as applied to collisions, decay processes and crosssections)Descriptive knowledge of the Standard Model using a non rigorous Feynman diagram approachKnowledge of the fundamental particles of the Standard Model and the experimental evidence for theStandard ModelKnowledge of conservation laws and discrete symmetries



31. Syllabus

Introduction (1 Lecture)

Overview of particle physics

Relativistic Kinematics and Cross Sections (2 Lectures)

Energy, momentum four vectors, short-lived particles, laboratory frame, fixed targetexperiments, centre-of-momentum frame, colliding beam experiments, luminosity.

Quantum Numbers (1 Lectures)

Charge, Coulour, Baryon, Lepton numbers, spin.

The Standard Model (7 Lectures)

Feyman diagrams, Electromagnetic interactions, electron-positron annihilation, colourfactor, coupling constants, Deep inelastic scattering, Weak interactions, neutrinos,vector bosons, allowed decays, propagator, forbidden decays, Cabbibo, Tau decays,neutrino mass, Strong interactions, Gluons, Colour, Quantum Chromodynamics.

Calculations (1 Lecture)

Exercises on calculations from previous lectures

Detectors and Accelerators (2 Lectures)

Tracking, calorimetry, accelerator principles

Outlook and Summary (2 lectures)

Future development of particle physics, open questions and summary of course


"Particle Physics" by B Martin and G Shaw, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICS (BSC)


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr DS Martin Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr DE Hutchcroft Physics [email protected]



Dr A Mehta Physics [email protected] PJ Nolan Physics [email protected] R Herzberg Physics [email protected] P Rowlands Physics [email protected]





17. ContactHours

108 108







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F3F7 (3) F300 (3) F350 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give further training in laboratory techniques, in the use of computer packages for modelling andanalysis, and in the use of modern instrumentsTo develop the students' independent judgement in performing physics experimentsTo encourage students to research aspects of physics complementary to material met in lectures andtutorialsTo consolidate the students ability to produce good quality work against realistic deadlines



Experience of taking physics data with modern equipmentKnowledge of some experimental techniques not met in previous laboratory practiceDeveloped a personal responsibility for assuring that data taken is of a high qualityIncreased skills in data taking and error analysisIncreased skills in reporting experiments and an appreciation of the factors needed to produce clearand complete reportsImproved skills in the time management and organisation of their experimental procedures to meetdeadlinesExperience working as an individual and in small groups



31. Syllabus

Students carry out experiments in three 4-week blocks:

Block A Radiation Detection

Introductory group work on the use of radiation detectors followed by two of fourexperiments on samples that have been activated by a source of thermal neutrons

Block B X-Ray Diffraction

Group work on computer modelling to simulat x-ray diffraction from crystals followedby experiments to determine the crystal structures and lattice constants of twounknown materials

Block C Quanta and Waves

Group work on the explanation of quantum phenomena followed by two experimentsselected from a pool of three


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Experimental Reports(including 15% forgroup work)


As universitypolicy


Laboratory Diary 1 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title PROJECT (BSC)


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15




11. Module Moderator Prof CA Lucas Physics [email protected]





15. Mode of Delivery Project



17. ContactHours

108 108





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F300 (3) F3F5 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give students experience of working independently on an original problemTo give students an opportunity to display the high quality of their workTo give students an opportunity to display qualities such as initiative and ingenuityTo improve students ability to keep daily records of the work in hand and its outcomesTo give students experience of report writing displaying high standards of composition and productionTo give an opportunity for students to display communication skills



Experience of participation in planning all aspects of the workExperience researching literature and other sources of relevant informationImproved skills and initiative in carrying out investigationsImproved ability to organise and manage timeImproved skills in making up a diary recording day by day progress of the projectImproved skills in report writingImproved skills in preparing and delivering oral presentations



31. Syllabus

A project outlined in general by a Supervisor will be assigned to the Student by theModule Organiser. In making his selections the Module Organiser generally attempts tochoose projects which match each student's particular interests but cannot guaranteeto do so.

The student will keep a day by day diary showing the work done on and the progressof the project. Details of the project aims will be decided in discussions between thestudent and the supervisor.

There will be regular scheduled meetings between the student and the supervisor toassess progress. At the end of the third week of the project, the student will produce ashort written report which will specify the aims of the remainder of the project. Thisreport must be filed in the Student Office.

The supervisor will advise the student when to finish and devote all remaining time towriting the Report and preparing the Presentation.

The Presentation will be given in one of the scheduled sessions.

The Report and project diary will be handed in before the end of the twelfth week afterthe official start of the project, or at any other time that may be officially announced.

A Risk Assessment must be completed by the supervisor when the use of specialistequipment, chemicals or radioactive sources are involved. This must be signed by thestudent and the supervisor.


None

ASSESSMENT








Notes

Project and Report 2 50 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Report 2 30 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Oral Presentation 15 mins 2 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances





1. Module Title SURFACE PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr HR Sharma Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof P Weightman Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 2 18





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To explain the physical properties of surfacesTo convey an understanding of the techniques of surface physicsTo convey an understanding of the extent to which surface properties can be monitored and controlledTo show how the properties of surfaces are of technological importance



Knowledge of the experimental facts concerning surface propertiesInsight into the principles of the techniques employed in surface physicsAn appreciation of the extent to which surface properties can be controlled and their relevance totechnologies


The course material specified in the syllabus will be covered in lectures.

The tutorial work will provide students with the opportunity to confirm their understanding of the materialcovered in the lectures.

31. Syllabus

Introduction

The origin, history and importance of surface physics

Ultra-high vacuum and surface preparation techniques

Vacuum pumps. Design of vacuum systems

Surface crystallography

Low index surfaces, vicinal surfaces, wood's notation, matrix notation,superlattice, surface reciprocal lattice

Physical Structure of Surfaces

Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)Scanning probes: STMStructureSi(100) 2x1 and S(111) 7x7 reconstructed surfaces

Growth

Crystal growth, interface growth modesGrowth techniques, MBE, MOCVDReflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED)Optical monitoring of growthAims of III-V growth

Electron spectroscopy and surface analysis

Electron escape depths, X-ray and uv photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS,UVPS), Auger spectroscopy for elemental analysis (AES), Core level shifts

Case studies: The relevance of surface science to technology

Band gap engineering, III-V semiconductor alloysIntegrating Si and GaAs technologies

The growth of diamond


"Introduction to Surface Physics" by M Prutton, published by Oxford (1994)

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title PHYSICS OF LIFE


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof P Weightman Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr HR Sharma Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 2 18





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To explain the constraints on physical forces which are necessary for life to evolve in the UniverseTo describe the characteristics of life on earthTo describe physical techniques used in the study of biological systems



An understanding of the framework of physical forces within which life is possibleAn understanding of the nature of life on earthFamiliarity with physical techniques used in the study of biological systems


The course material specified in the syllabus will be covered in lectures.

The tutorial work will provide students with the opportunity to confirm their understanding of the materialcovered in the lectures.

31. Syllabus

The Universe

Brief overview of the basic physical forces. Necessary conditions for the evolution ofthe Universe into a system in which chemistry and life are possible. The evolution ofatoms. Nuclear stability.

The molecular basis of life

The chemistry of life on earth

The genetic code and the chirality of life.

DNA, RNA amino acids and proteins. Protein folding. Chirality of living systems.

Physical techniques for studying biological systems

X-ray and optical techniques for the determination of the structure and function ofbiological systems.

Thermodynamic considerations and self organisation in chemical systems

Brief overview of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The arrow of time.

Chemical processes close toequilibrium, Free energies, crystallisation, Order andinactivity.

Chemical processes far from equilibrium. Non equilibrium thermodynamics

Energy flows. Instability and self organisation

The importance of information in biology

Biological evolution.

Summary of the major transitions in evolution

No foresight and no way back.


"Just six numbers" by M Rees (Weiderfield and Nicholson 1999)

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 100 Next normalopportunity


% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title FURTHER STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr M Salaris Physics

11. Module Moderator Dr MJ Darnley Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

36 4 40





PHYS251


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F521 (3)


F3F5 (3)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build upon the Level 2 module that introduced the fundamental concepts of modern stellarastrophysics and provide a more detailed analysis of several important areasTo provide an explanation of the theory of stellar evolution, its relationship to observational data and itsimportance to other problems in astrophysicsTo describe the evolutionary phenomena of binary star systemsTo investigate objects such as white dwarf stars, neutron stars and black holes



A firm grasp of the fundamentals of the theory of stellar evolutionA clear idea of how the theory of stellar evolution relates to observational data and its importance toother areas of astrophysicsThe ability to recognise and describe the origin and evolution of the characteristics of different types ofinteracting binary systems



31. Syllabus

Pre-main-sequence evolution

Star forming regions; fragmentation and collapse; Hayashi tracks; brown dwarfs. Themain sequence: mass limits; evolution across the sequence; solar and stellar winds.

Post-main-sequence evolution

Evolution of stars of different masses; evolution through the Hertzprung gap; heliumburning and shell burning

Final states of evolution

Thermal pulses and instability; fate of low mass stars; mass loss; planetary nebulae.Chandrasekhar limit: white dwards. supernovae and supernova remnants; neutronstars; black holes

Stellar populations

Concept and definitions; simple stellar populations; age and distance determinationsfrom stellar models and stellar population synthesis

Interacting binaries, mass transfer and outbursts

Roche equipotentials and Roche lobe overflow; detached, semi-detached and contactbinaries; accretion discs/columns and wind accretion; cataclysmic variables: classical,dwarf and recurrent novae; binary evolution; Type 1 supernovae


"Modern Astrophysics" by B W Carroll & D A Ostlie, published by Addison-Wesley

Background Reading

"The Stars: Their Structure & Evolution" by R J Taylor, published by CUP

"Stellar Structure & Evolution", by R Kippenhahn, published by Springer-Verlag

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes

Class Test 1 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances








1. Module Title RADIATION THERAPY APPLICATIONS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr CR Baker Health Sciences [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr P Cole Radiation Protection [email protected]








17. ContactHours

28 4 20Project

52





PHYS136 or PHYS122


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To cover the basic physics principles of radiation therapy.To understand interactions with biological materials.To understand the need for modelling in radiobiological applications.To obtain a knowledge of electron transport.To construct a simple model of a radiation therapy application.


At the end of the module students will:

have a basic knowledge of radiation transport and the interaction of radiation with biological tissue.understand the principles of radiotherapy and treatment planning.be familiar with biological modelling.have a basic understanding of beam modelling for radiotherapy treatment.understand the need for Monte Carlo modelling.have a knowledge of electron transport.have experience of modelling a simple radiotherapy application.


See Department of Physics Undergraduate Student Handbook.

31. Syllabus

Introduction to radiation transport and the Boltzmann equation.Review of essential interaction physics, review of relevant basic probabilitytheory, dosimetry in healthcare applications.Outline of Radiotherapy modelling components, background to Radiotherapy.Simple radiobiological principles of radiotherapy, concept of treatment planning.General introduction to biological modelling, fractionation and treatment duringeffects, volume effects. Statistical techniques of biological model data fitting,data fits using real clinical normal tissue data, using model prediction data.Beam modeling for Radiotherapy treatment planning, lookup table approaches,convolution/pencil beam approaches.Monte Carlo Methods, requirements for random numbers, random numbergeneration, random sampling methods, scoring and tallies, error estimation,variance reduction techniques.Electron transport including optimisation.


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes

Planning and Runningof a Model of aRadiotherapyApplication


As universitypolicy




1. Module Title MEDICAL PHYSICS PROJECT


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15












17. ContactHours

108 108





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F350 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give students experience of working independently on an original problem related to medical physicsTo give students an opportunity to display the high quality of their workTo give students an opportunity to display qualities such as initiative and ingenuityTo improve students ability to keep daily records of the work in hand and its outcomesTo give students experience of report writing displaying high standards of composition and productionTo give an opportunity for students to display communication skills



Experience of participation in planning all aspects of the workExperience researching literature and other sources of relevant informationImproved skills and initiative in carrying out investigationsImproved ability to organise and manage timeImproved skills in making up a diary recording day by day progress of the projectImproved skills iin report writingImproved skills in preparing and delivering oral presentations



31. Syllabus

A project oulined in general by a Supervisor will be assigned to the Student by theModule Organiser. In making his selections the Module Organiser generally attempts tochoose projects which match each student's particular interests but cannot guaranteeto do so.

The student will keep a day by day diary showing the work done on and the progressof the project. Details of the project aims will be decided in discussions between thestudent and the supervisor.

There will be regular scheduled meetings between the student and the supervisor toassess progress. At the end of the third week of the project, the student will produce ashort written report which will specify the aims of the remainder of the project. Thisreport must be filed in the Student Office.


The Presentation will be given in one of the scheduled sessions.

The Report and project diary will be handed in before the end of the twelfth week afterthe official start of the project, or at any other time that may be officially announced.

A Risk Assessment must be completed by the supervisor when the use of specialistequipment, chemicals or radioactive sources are involved. This must be signed by thestudent and the supervisor.


None

ASSESSMENT








Notes

Project and Report 2 50 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Report 2 30 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy







1. Module Title MATERIALS PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5




11. Module Moderator Prof P Weightman Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 2 18







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F352 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To teach the properties and methods of preparation of a range of materials of scientific andtechnological importanceTo develop an understanding of the experimental techniques of materials characterisationTo introduce materials such as amorphous solids, liquid crystals, and polymers and to develop anunderstanding of the relationship between structure and properties for such materialsTo illustrate the concepts and principles by reference to examples



An understanding of the atomic structure in cyrstalline and amorphous materialsKnowledge of the methods used for preparing single crystals and amorphous materialsKnowledge of the experimental techniques used in materials characterisationThe ability to interpret simple phase diagrams of binary systems



31. Syllabus

Fundamentals of Materials (1 lecture)

States of matter, bonding between atoms, energy band structures of solids

Crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous solids (2 lectures)

Bonding in crystals, crystal defects, amorphous solids, glasses and the glasstransition, the preparation of amorphous materials

Methods of material characterisation (3 lectures)

X-ray and electron diffraction: experimental methods and interpretation of data.Transmission electron microscopy. Scanning probe microscopy

Crystal growth (1 lecture)

Mechanisms of crystal growth, scanning probe microscopy studies of crystal growth,methods for growing single crystals

Liquid crystals (2 lectures)

Thermotropic mesophases, lyotropic mesophases, x-ray diffraction from liquid crystals,cell membranes, liquid crystal displays

Polymers (2 lectures)

Molecular structures, amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers. Applications: plastics,elastomers, fibres

Biomaterials (1 lecture)

Surface properties, biological response and biocompatibility, degradation of implants inbiological environments

Semiconductors (2 lectures)

The preparation of pure silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, amorphous

semiconductors. Epitaxial growth


"Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction" (5th Edition) by W D Callister, published by Wiley

Background Reading

"The Physics of Solids" by R Turton, published by Oxford

"Introduction to Solid State Physics" (7th Edition) by C Kittel, published by Wiley

"Introductionn to Liquid Crystals" by P Collings & M Hird, published by Taylor & Francis

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title PHYSICS OF ENERGY SOURCES


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr JN Jackson Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr ES Paul Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36





PHYS122 (or equivalent)



24. Linked Modules:



F352 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop an ability which allows educated and well informed opinions to be formed by the nextgeneration of physicists on a wide range of issues in the context of the future energy needs of manTo describe and understand methods of utilising renewable energy sources such as hydropower, tidalpower, wave power, wind power and solar power.To give knowledge and understanding of the design and operation of nuclear reactorsTo give knowledge and understanding of nuclear fusion as a source of powerTo give knowledge and understanding relevant to overall safety in the nuclear power industryTo describe the origin of environmental radioactivity and understand the effects of radiation on humans



Learned the fundamental physical principles underlying energy production using renewable energysourcesLearned the fundamental physical principles underlying nuclear fission and fusion reactorsStudied the applications of these principles in the design issues power generationAn appreciation of the role of mathematics in modelling power generationLearned the fundamental physical principles concerning the origin and consequences of environmentalradioactivityDeveloped an awareness of the safety issues involved in exposure to radiationDeveloped problem solving skills based on the material presentedDeveloped an appreciation of the problems of supplying the required future energy needs and thescope and issues associated with the different possible methods



31. Syllabus

PHYS388 Introduction (1 Lecture)

Summary of global energy trends, energy consumption, global warming and CO2emission.

Thermodynamic and fluid dynamics background (2 Lectures)

The Greenhouse Effect. The thermal properties of water and steam. Carnot, Rankineand Brayton thermodynamic cycles. Geothermal power. Bernoulli's equation, Masscontinuity equation, Euler's turbine equation.

Hydropower, Tidal Power and Wave Power (3 Lectures)

Resources. Power output from a dam and flow rate using a weir. Turbines, theFourneyron turbine, impulse, efficiency. Tidal Power - Cause of tides estimate of tidalheight, Tidal waves c=(gh)1/2, Power from a tidal barrage, Tidal resonance - SevernBore, Economic and environmental effects. Wave Power - Wave energy derivations,Wave Power devices, Economics and Outlook.

Wind Power (3 Lectures)

Source of Wind Energy and Global Patterns. Modern Wind turbines. Kinetic Energy ofwind. Principles of horizontal axis wind turbine and maximum extraction efficiency.Blade design. Horizontal Wind Turbine Design and Fatigue. Turbine control andoperation. Wind Characteristics. Power of a Wind Turbine. Wind farms and theenvironment. Economics and Outlook.

Solar Energy (3 Lectures)

Introduction - overall power - comparison. Solar Spectrum. Semiconductor review.Solar photocells Efficiency. Commercial devices. Light trapping in multi-layers.Developing technologies. Solar panels. Economics, environmental outlook forphotovoltaic cells. Solar thermal Power plants, Ocean conversion, Stirling engine, SolarChimney.

Biomass (1 Lecture)

Basic concepts and examples. Economics and Outlook.

Basics of Nuclear Physics (3 Lectures)

Nuclear binding energy, nuclear reactions, cross sections. Interaction probability.Attenuation, mean free path. Radioactive decay (various forms), decay chains, secularequilibrium. Stability curve, neutrons and their interactions, fission - energy release,mass distribution, neutron emission.

Principles of Nuclear Fission Reactors (3 Lectures)

Chain reactions, reproduction constant, moderation, thermal reactors. Kinematics ofmoderators, neutron cycle in infinite reactors, energy production, consumption of 235U.Fast reactors, breeder reactors, breeder cycle.

Reactor Theory (3 Lectures)

Neutron diffusion theory and the diffusion equation. The reactor equation. Bucklingparameter. Boundary conditions and solutions of the reactor equation. Migration length.Improvements to the model. Boundary extrapolation.

Reactor Operations (2 Lectures)

Real reactors - layout, thermodynamics, Magnox, AGR, PWR and accelerator drivenfission. Operating characteristics, delayed neutrons, control systems, reactorkinematics and reactor poisons.

Energy from Fusion (3 Lectures)

Advantages over fission, thermonuclear approach, amplification factor, conditions forfusion. Energy production in a plasma, energy losses, break even temperature,Lawson condition. Magnetic confinement, tokomak, pinch effect, heating of plasma,present status and outlook.

Radiation Issues (4 Lectures)

Interaction of radiation with matter, units, biological effects, radiation weighting factors.Effects on humans, calculation of doses, monitoring radiation. radiation protection.Shielding nuclear reactors. Reactor accidents. Radioactive fission products and theireffects. Sources of environmental radiation - decay chains of uranium and thorium -Radon - 40K - cosmic rays. Recommended limits above the natural level.

Energy and Society (1 Lecture)

Summary future needs, possible contributions from each source, issues associatedwith each source.


"Energy Science Principles, technologies and impact" Andrews & Jelly, published by OUP

"Nuclear Physics - Principles and Applications" J Lilley, published by Wiley

Further Reading:

"Physics of the Environment" A W Brinkman, published by Imperial College Press

"The Elements of Nuclear Power" by D J Bennet and J R Thomson, 3rd edition, published by Longman

ASSESSMENT






% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title SEMICONDUCTOR APPLICATIONS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5











17. ContactHours

16 2 18





PHYS132


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F352 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop the physics concepts describing semiconductors in sufficient details for the purpose ofunderstanding the construction and operation of common semiconductor devices



Knowledge of the basic theory of p-n junctionsKnowledge of the structure and function of a variety of semiconductor devicesAn overview of semiconductor device manufacturing processesKnowledge of the basic processes involved in the interaction of radiation with matterUnderstanding the application of semiconductors in Nuclear and Particle physics



31. Syllabus

PHYS389 The band structures of typical semiconductors. Crystal momentum and effectivemassTransport phenomena. Drift and diffusionThe p-n junction. Depletion layer width and capacitance. Current - voltagecharacteristicZener and avalanche breakdown in p-n junctionsThe physical principles of bipolar transistors(FET's), MOSFETs and MESFETSSemiconductor device manufactureThe absorption of light by semiconductorsNuclear radiation detectionRange of charged particlesGamma radiationSilicon and Germanium detectors


"Semiconductor Devices, Physics and Technology" by S M Sze, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title STATISTICAL AND LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr KM Hock Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr S Burdin Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

32 4 36





PHYS253 and PHYS255


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (3 or 4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on material presented in earlier Thermal Physics and Quantum Mechanics coursesTo develop the statistical treatment of quantum systemsTo use theoretical techniques to predict experimental observeablesTo introduce the basic principles governing the behaviour of liquid helium and superconductors incooling techniques



Understanding of the statistical basis of entropy and temperatureAbility to devise expressions for observeables, (heat capacity, magnetisation) from statistical treatmentof quantum systemsUnderstanding of Maxwell Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose Einstein gasesKnowledge of cooling techniquesKnowledge and understanding of basic theories of liquid helium behaviour and superconductivity incooling techniques


Lectures to define the material, tutorials linked to lecture material to reinforce the quantitative aspects of thetopics covered.

31. Syllabus

PHYS393 Basic ideas, macrostate, microstates, averaging, distributions, statistical entropyDistinguisable particles, statistical definition of temperatureBoltzmann distribution, partition functionCalculation of thermodynamic functionsSpin 1/2 solid, localised harmonic oscillatorsGasesStates in boxes, example He gasIdentical particles - fermions and bosonsMicrostates for gas - Fermi Dirac, Bose Einstein, Maxwell BoltzmanndistributionsMaxwell Boltzmann gases - speed distributionDiatomic gases - heat capacity. Heat capacity of H2.Fermi Dirac gases. Aplication to metals, He3.Bose Einstein gases. Application to He4, photons, phononsCooling techniques - liquefaction of gases, Joule Kelvin effect, Liquefiers. 3Hedilution refrigerator, Adiabatic demagnetisation, Nuclear demagnetisationLiquid He4 - superfluid he4. Two fluid model theories of He IILiquid He3. Experiment - ideasSuperconductivity. Normal conductivity, basic properties of superconductors:Phenomenological models, two fluid model, London theory; Deductions forexperiment. BCS theory; Recent developments - high Tc superconductors(optional)


"Statistical Physics", Guenault (optional)

"Statistical Mechanics - A Survival Guide", A. M. Glazer and J. S. Wark, Oxford University Press, 2001(available as ebook in Liverpool University library)

"Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures," Frank Pobell. Springer, 2nd edition, 2002 [Chapters 1, 5, 7 and 9](available as ebook in Liverpool University library)

"Low Temperature Physics", C. Enss and S. Hunklinger, Springer, 2005 [Chapters 1, 6, 7, 8 and 11] (availableas ebook in Liverpool University library) (optional)

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15








15. Mode of Delivery Fieldwork

16. Location Off Campus


17. ContactHours

84A combination of supervisedpractical work using thetelescope and relatedequipment, and bothsupervised and un-superviseddata analysis work

12Classes tohelp/aid with theanalysis ofastronomicaldata followingthe field trip

96




Field trip to IzanaObservatory, Tenerife, Spain,in May/June between Year 2and Year 3

Classes to help withdata reduction andproject reports - Year 3semester 1


PHYS251 and PHYS252


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




F3F5 (3) F521 (3)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To provide practice in the planning and execution of a programme of astronomical observationsTo provide training in the application of astronomical co-ordinate systemsTo provide competence in the handling of a large astronomical telescopeTo gain experience in making, calibrating and analysing astronomical measurements using a CCDcamera and spectrometerTo gain experience in preparing a written report based on the results of astronomical work



The ability to plan and execute a simple programme of astronomical observations and measurementsFamiliarity with astronomical coordinate systems and the ability to find astronomical objects in the skySkills in pointing and adjusting a large, manually controlled astronomical telescopeThe ability to take, reduce and analyse astronomical data to produce physically meaningful information.Experience of observing at a professional high-altitude observatoryExperience of preparing a written report based on the results of astronomical work


The module takes the form of a week-long field trip to the Mons 50-cm Telescope at the Izana Observatory inTenerife. Students are split into teams of three or four and learn to locate objects in the sky using positionalastronomy. They then learn how to point the telescope by hand and how to anticipate the transit of objectsthrough the field of view. Students begin by identifying bright stars in the sky to find with the telescope. Theythen calibrate the telescope pointing and use this calibration to find objects not visible with the naked eye. Aset of optical transmission filters are calibrated using standard stars and quantitative measurements made,using a CCD camera, of, e.g. planetary nebulae and star clusters. The latter measurements are used toconstruct a Hertzprung-Russell diagram. Observations of variable stars are made to obtain the light curve andthen images and spectra are taken of objects such as faint galaxies. Students keep individual project logbooks which are assessed at the end of the week. Participation, teamwork and individual initiative are alsoassessed. Following their return, students must produce a written report on an aspect of their work.

31. Syllabus

1 The planning and execution of a programme of astronomical observationsThe application of astronomical co-ordinate systemsThe handling and pointing of a large astronomical telescopeMaking, calibrating and analysing astronomical measurements using a CCDcamera and spectrometerKeeping an experimental log book


"Astrophysical Techniques", C.R. Kitchen, Institute of Physics

Further Reading: PHYS252 lecture notes

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Field Work One week 3 (ofsecondyear)

60 N/A N/A This work is notmarkedanonymously

Lab Books One week 3 (ofsecondyear)

10 N/A As universitypolicy


Project Report 1 30 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICS (MPHYS)


3. Year 201011


Physics



7. Credit Level M Level

8. Credit Value 15







Dr A Mehta Physics [email protected] PJ Nolan Physics [email protected] R Herzberg Physics [email protected] P Rowlands Physics [email protected]





17. ContactHours

108 108







None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give further training in laboratory techniques, in the use of computer packages for modelling andanalysis, and in the use of modern instrumentsTo develop the students' independent judgement in performing physics experimentsTo encourage students to research aspects of physics complementary to material met in lectures andtutorialsTo consolidate the students ability to produce good quality work against realistic deadlines



Experience of taking physics data with modern equipmentKnowledge of some experimental techniques not met in previous laboratory practiceImproved skills in researching published papers and articles as source materialsDeveloped a personal responsibility for assuring that data taken is of a high qualityIncreased skills in data taking and error analysisIncreased skills in reporting experiments and an appreciation of the factors needed to produce clearand complete reportsImproved skills in the time management and organisation of their experimental procedures to meetdeadlinesExperience working as an individual and in small groups



31. Syllabus

Students carry out experiments in three 4-week blocks:

Block A Radiation Detection

Introductory group work on the use of radiation detectors followed by two of fourexperiments on samples that have been activated by a source of thermal neutrons

Block B X-Ray Diffraction

Group work on computer modelling to simulat x-ray diffraction from crystals followedby experiments to determine the crystal structures and lattice constants of twounknown materials

Block C Quanta and Waves

Group work on explanation of quantum phenomena followed by two experimentsselected from a pool of three


None

ASSESSMENT


% of final



Notes

mark 34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing




Notes

Experimental reports(including 15% forgroup work)


As universitypolicy


Laboratory Diary 1 or 2 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title ADVANCED QUANTUM PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Prof PA Butler Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof TJV Bowcock Physics [email protected]



Dr JH Vossebeld Physics [email protected]





17. ContactHours

32 4 36








24. Linked Modules:



F303 (4)


F521 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on Semester 1 module on Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics with the intention ofproviding breadth and depth in the understanding of the commonly used aspects of Quantummechanics.To develop an understanding of the ideas of perturbation calculations and of Fermi's Golden Rule.To develop an understanding of the techniques used to describe the scattering of particles.To demonstrate creation and annihilation operators using the harmonic oscillator as an example.To develop skills which enable numerical calculation of real physical quantum problem.To encourage enquiry into the philosophy of quantum theory including its explanation of classicalmechanics.



Understanding of variational tehcniques.Understanding of perturbation techniques.Understanding of transition matrix elements.Understanding of phase space factors.Understanding of partial wave techniques.Ability to compute wave functions and transition probabilities using several software packages.



31. Syllabus

PHYS480 General level of treatment that of Mandl "Quantum Mechanics". problems classes willbe organised to use computer packages to solve quantum problems (modelling wavefunctions etc).

Operator formalism and Direc notation.

Bound state perturbation theory, non-degenerate and degenrate.

Variational methods.

Time dependent Schrodinger equation.

Time dependent perturbation theory, Fermi's Golden Rule.

Emission and absorption of radiation, phase space.

Scattering theory - time dependent approach; potential scattering, Born approximation,scattering by screened Coulomb potential, electron-atom scattering.

Scattering - time independent approach; scattering amplitude, integral equation,scattering of identical particles, partial waves, phase shifts.

Harmonic Oscillator solved using creation and annihilation operators.

Discussion of quantum philosophy, quantum mechanics contains classical mechanics.


"Quantum Mechanics" by F Mandl, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT




Written Examination 3 hours 1 100 August resitfor PGT studentsonly. Yr3 and Yr4students resit atthe next normalopportunity.


% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title ACCELERATOR PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr CP Welsch Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr KM Hock Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

14 2 2 18





PHYS370 or equivalent.


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




F303 (4) F521 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on modules on electricity, magnetism and waves;To study the functional principle of different types of particle accelerators;To study the generation of ion and electron beams;To study the layout and the design of simple ion and electron optics;To study basic concepts in radio frequency engineering and technology.



An understanding of the description of the motion of charged particles in complex electromagnetic fields;An understanding of different types of accelerators, in which energy range and for which purposes theyare utilised;An understanding of the generation and technical exploitation of synchrotron radiation;An understanding of the concept and the necessity of beam cooling.



31. Syllabus

1 1. Introduction, History of Particle Accelerators, Experiments. (1 lecture)

2. General Concepts, Introduction to the physics of particle sources. Physics ofplasmas, electron sources, ion sources. (2 lectures)

3. Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, transverse beammotion, Hill's equation, representation of different ion optical elements by a matrixformalism. (2 lectures)

4. Linear Accelerators: Alvarez and Wideroe structures, the radio frequencyquadrupole. (2 lectures)

5. Rf Cavity Design: Important parameters, field distribution in different cavity types,mode characterization, visualization of fields. (2 lectures)

6. Ring Accelerators: Introduction to the Betatron, Microtron, Cyclotron, andSynchrotron. (4 lectures)

7. Medical Accelerators: General concepts, benefits, different accelerator concepts.(2 lectures)

8. Overview of accelerator facilities world-wide. (1 lecture)


1. Grant and Philips, Electrodynamics.2. A. Sessler und E. Wilson, Engines of Discovery: A Century of Particle Accelerators (Introduction and

History)3. E. Wilson, An Introduction to Particle Accelerators.4. S. Y. Lee, Accelerator Physics. World Scientific (1999).5. H. Wiedemann, Particle Accelerator Physics I & II.6. CERN Yellow Reports (online resource)

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


1 70 August resitfor PGT studentsonly. Yr3 and Yr4students resit atthe next normalopportunity.


% of finalmark



Notes

Poster Presentation 1 15 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Assessed ProblemSet


As universitypolicy




1. Module Title MODELLING PHYSICAL PHENOMENA


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr JH Vossebeld Physics [email protected]




Dr BT King Physics [email protected]





17. ContactHours

7 101 108





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F521 (3) F303 (3)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give students experience of working independently and in small groups on an original problem.To give students an opportunity to display the high quality of their work.To give students an opportunity to display qualities such as initiative and ingenuity.To introduce students to concepts, methods and applicability of computational modelling of physicalphenomena using the Java language.To give students experience of report writing displaying high standards of composition and production.To give an opportunity for students to display communication skills.



Acquired working knowledge of a high level OO programming language.Experience in researching literature and other sources of relevant information.Set up model of physical phenomena or situation.Experience in testing model against data from experiment or literature.Improved ability to organise and manage time.Improved skills in report writing.Improved skills in explaining project under questioning.



31. Syllabus

A project outlined in general by a Supervisor will be assigned to the student by theModule Organiser, who attempts to choose projects which match each student'sparticular interests but cannot guarantee to do so.

The student will attend weekly sessions on programming and related matters asarranged by the Module Organiser.

Details of the project aims will be decided in discussions between the student and thesupervisor.

There will be regular scheduled meetings between the student and the supervisor toassess progress.

The student will hand in set work as required, which will be marked and used as oneelement in assessing students' diligence.


The Presentation will be given in one of the scheduled sessions, normally in Week 11of Semester 2.

The Report will normally be handed in before the end of Week 12 of Semester 2.

A project diary must be kept and handed in with reports as part of the assessment.


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Individual ProjectReport (2Supervisors)


As universitypolicy


Group Project Report(2 SecondAcademics)


As universitypolicy


Six Weekly Exercises 2 30 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Oral Presentation 2 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances





1. Module Title CONDENSED MATTER THEORY


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof WA Hofer Chemistry [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof RN McGrath Physics [email protected]


Chemistry


Prof MO Persson Chemistry [email protected]





17. ContactHours

16 4 20





PHYS361 or equivalent, PHYS363 or equivalent.


None.


None.

24. Linked Modules:




F303 (4) F102 (4) F161 (4) F1N2 (4) F1F3 (4) FGH1 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the third year modules on Quantum Mechanics and Condensed Matter Physics.To develop the formalism of electronic structure calculations.To develop an understanding of density functional theory.To enable the student to relate observed physical and chemical properties to the electronic structure.



Understanding of the role of electron density, single electron states, periodicity, symmetry of periodicsystems, functionals in density functional theory.An ability to analyse experimental data from the viewpoint of electron density.Developed a knowledge of current strategies for computer simulations in condensed matter theory.



31. Syllabus

Introduction: Quantum theory and the origin of electronic structure.Overview: Some examples demonstrating the emergence of a quantitative andpredictive theory of materials.Periodic solids and electron bands.Bonding in solids and molecules: Metallic, covalent, ionic, hydrogen and van derWaals bonding.Magnetism at the atomic scale.Density functional theory approach to the many-electron problem and theelectron density as the basic variable.Exchange-correlation energy functionals and the electron gas.One-electron (Kohn-Sham) states and their physical meaning.Core and valence electrons and their effective interaction.Solving for the K-S states and the self-consistency problem.Determination of electronic structure: localized and extended orbitals.


"Electronic structure; basic theory & practical methods" by R M Martin.

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title ADVANCED NUCLEAR PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr M Chartier Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof RD Page Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 2 18





PHYS375


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




F303 (4) F521 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the year 3 modules on Nuclear PhysicsTo offer an insight into current ideas about the description of atomic nuclei



Knowledge of the basic properties of nuclear forces and the experimental evidence upon which theseare basedBasic knowledge of the factors governing nuclear shapesUnderstanding of the origin of pairing forces and the effect of these and rotational forces on nuclearbehaviourAn overview of phenomena observed for exotic nuclei far from the line of nuclear stability


See the Department of Physics Undergraduate Handbook

31. Syllabus

Nuclear Physics

Nucleon-Nucleon Force: spin and isospin, general properties of force, one pionexchange potential, the deuteron, range of nuclear forceNuclear Behaviour: mirror nuclei, independent particle modelForms of Mean Potential: square well, harmonic oscillator, spin-orbit coupling,Woods-Saxon, residual interaction, Hartree-FockNuclear Deformation: geometric descriptoins, Nilsson model, large deformationsHybrid Models: deformed liquid drop, Strutinsky method, fission isomersNuclear Excitations: spherical nuclei, vibrations, rotations of a deformed systemRotating Systems: moment of inertia, cranking model, backbendingNuclei at Extremes of Spin: high lx bands, high K bands, superdeformation,shape coexistenceNuclei at Extremes of Isospin: N=Z nuclei, exotic nuclei, dripline nuclei,superheavies, halo nucleiMesoscopic Systems: Fermi liquid droplets, metallic clusters, shell andsupershell structures, nuclear moleculesNuclear Astrophysics: elemental abundances, origin of the elements


Nuclear Physics:

"Introductory Nuclear Physics" K S Krane, published by John Wiley & Sons

Further Reading:

"Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics" K Heyde, published by IOP

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes


2 100 August resitfor PGT students

only. Yr3 and Yr4students resit atthe next normalopportunity.


% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title RESEARCH SKILLS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr TG Shears Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof M Klein Physics [email protected]



Prof C Collins Physics





17. ContactHours

12 6 75Group Project

93





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (4) F521 (4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To help students acquire or improve some of the skills useful to the professional physicist. Skills coveredinclude:

Planning research projects, performing literature searches, experimental designStatistical anlysis of dataCommunication with clients and with research collaborators



Wide knowledge of probability distributionsSkilful use of estimatorsAbility to apply statistical tests to hypothesesUnderstand least squares techniques for parameter evaluationExperience of obtaining information, evaluating relevance and writing a scientific caseExperience of collaborative efforts to satisfy a clients requirements



31. Syllabus

Statistical Analysis of Data

(Note that students will cover some or all of the following, depending on backgroundqualifications)

Describing the data, histograms, moments, variance, covarianceTheoretical distributions, binomial, Poisson, Gaussian, Chi-squaredErrors, accuracy, precision, central limit theorem, systematic errorsEstimation, liklihood functions, consistency, bias, efficiencyLeast squares method, straight line fit, parameter evaluationHypothesis testing, meaning of probability, confidence, significance, goodness offit

Key Skills

Report writing and presentationInformation literacy

Project

The project is an exercise in working within a group structure to devise and report ona solution to a simulated problem. The solution will require the application of physics

Groups will be of three or four students with an academic observer. Formal meetingswill be held to discuss approaches to the problem, assigning of individual tasks and co-ordinating the writing of the report.

The report will be assessed to give the same mark to each student but there will beindividual oral interviews on the project which will produce an additional individualmark.


"Statistics" by R J Barlow, published by Wiley

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Statistics ExamplesClass




Statistics Class Test 1 hour 1 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances



Project Group Report 1 25 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Project IndividualStudent Interview




Key Skills 1 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title ADVANCED PARTICLE PHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof TJV Bowcock Physics [email protected]








17. ContactHours

16 2 18





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




F303 (4) F521 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the Year 3 module PHYS377 Particle PhysicsTo give the student a deeper understanding of the Standard Model of Particle Physics and the basicextensionsTo review the detectors and accelerator technology available to investigate the questions posed by theStandard Model and its extensions



An understanding of the Standard Model and its extensions. This will be placed in context of theunderstanding of the origin of the universe, its properties and its physical lawsAn understanding of how present and future detector and accelerator technology will be applied toinvestigate the development of the Standard Model



31. Syllabus

PHYS493 Feynman graphsSpontaneous symmetry breaking and the Higgs mechanismCP violation in the Standard ModelNeutrino Masses MixingSupersymmetryQuantum Gravity and the Brane WorldAstroParticle PhenomenologyIntroduction to Modern Experimental TechniquesCurrent and Future detectorsAccelerator Technology


Particle Physics: Due to the rapidly changing nature of the subject this section will be based around a set ofcourse notes

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr S Kobayashi Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr IK Baldry Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

11 25 33 2class test

71




At ARI, LJMU, Birkenhead


None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F521 (4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give students an understanding of Programming BasicsTo provide students with practical experience of using computational techniques extensively employedby researchers in the physical sciences



The ability to describe and discuss numerical modelingsA familiarity with a programming language used by research astronomers and its application in aresearch contextPractical experience of numerical used by scientists in analysis of theoretical problems and experimentaldata


The physical principles of an practical approach to specific problems in astrophysics are explained in lectures,and then related computational mini-projects are given to the students. A 2hr class test on programming andapplication of numerical methods will provide an assessment on an individual basis, balancing the element ofgroup working inherent in the project elements of the course.

31. Syllabus

A series of lectures describing an astrophysical problem and the numerical techniquesthat can be used to address it, followed by a practical session in which students willuse computers to carry out a mini-projects designed to accompany the lectures.Assessment comprises written reports on the projects, and a class test to assessunderstanding of the background astrophysics, and of the computational methodsemployed.

The elements covered will be drawn from a variety of observational and theoreticaltopics and will focus on numerical modelings and analysis.

Example topics include:

N-body simulations of self-gravitating systemsNumerical Hydrodynamics


Key references and hand-out notes will be provided by the lecturer

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

four Written Reports 2 70 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


one Class Test 2 hours 2 30 Only inexceptionalcircumstances





1. Module Title THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr T Moore Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr J Simpson Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

24 24





Year 3 MPhys Astrophysics


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F521 (4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build upon the student's appreciation of the role which the interstellar medium (ISM) plays in topicsas stellar evolution (star-forming regions to supernova remnants) and galaxy evolutionTo provide a firm physical framework for this appreciation by investigating in detail the mechanismswhich govern the structure and appearance of the ISM



An understanding of the structure and evolution of the ISM and the relationship between its variouscomponentsThe ability to list the various types of observable phenomena and relate them to the structure of thevarious phases of the ISM and the physical process at workKnowledge of how observation, specifically spectroscopy, allows astronomers to understand thephysical conditions and chemical content of the ISM and thereby construct models of the interstellarmedium and its relationship to the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies


The module will be taught by directed reading and problem-solving. Students will be expected to read asection of a textbook and attempt a set of problems every week. The content and problems will be reviewed atweekly tutorial sessions. Traditional combination of lectures and tutorials. Practice in problem-solving byproblem sheets and tutorials. A set of assessed problem-solving exercises on the physics of the ISM (to takeapproximately 15 hours of non-contact study time).

31. Syllabus

Review of Radiation Processes and Spectral Line emission

Spectral line formation. The interaction of a radiation field with matter. Radiativetransfer

Physical Conditions in the ISM

The structure and phases of the Galactic interstellar medium. Photoionisation andrecombination in a pure hydrogen cloud (the HII region). The effects of includinghelium and heavier elements. Energy balance and thermal equilibrium. Free-freeradiation. Collisionally excited emission lines, permitted and forbidden. Recombinationlines. Continuum emission processes. Molecular emission, lines

Spectral Diagnostics

Determination of electron temperatures and densities from atomic spectral line andcontinuum measurements. Determination of elemental abundances. Tracers of densemolecular gas; mass measurements

Scattering and Polarisation

Introduction to theory and application of scattering of light by small particles.Polarisation by scattering and dichroic absorption in reflection nebulae

Dust and Molecular Clouds

Formation and destruction of dust. Observable diagnostics. Formation of molecules ondust grains. Heating and cooling of molecular clouds. Molecular emission lines.Structure, dynamics, mechanical support and energy balance of molecular clouds.Magnetic fields, ambipolar diffusion, graviational contraction, star formation.

Introduction to Gas Dynamics

Sound waves and Alfven waves. Adiabatic and radiative shock waves. Expansion ofionised regions. Stellar winds. Supernova remnants


"The Physics of the Interstellar Medium" by J E Dyson & D A Williams, published by IOP

Background Reading

"Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium" L Spitzer, Wiley

"Astrophysics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei" Osterbrock, University Science Books

"The Physics of Astrophysics" vols I & II, F Shu, University Science Books

"The Dusty Universe" A Evans, Ellis Horwood

"Accretion Processes in Star Formation" L Hartmann, CUP

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes



% of finalmark



Notes

Written Assignment 1 20 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title COMMUNICATION OF ASTROPHYSICAL IDEAS


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 15



Dr D Carter Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr S Kobayashi Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

48 24 72




Students must attend 5 first-semester research seminars and allfirst semester journal clubs. Note thatseminars are scheduled onWednesday afternoon


Year 3 MPhys Astrophysics


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F521 (4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To develop the ability of the student to communicate results and ideas in astrophysics at a range oftechnical levels, dealing with the objective criticism of existing articles, videos, papers and lecture/semiarpresentations, as well as the creation of new materialTo help students bridge the gap between understanding undergraduate texts and dissecting a journalpaper, while at the same time emphasising the importance of being able to communicate ideasconcisely and clearly at a simpler level



The ability to criticise objectively and constructively attempt to communicate astrophysical ideas atlevels ranging from a local newspaper to research semiinars and papersAn appreciation of the qualities required to successfully explain astronomical ideas in contexts rangingfrom undergraduate teaching to research seminarsBeen able to create their own articles, observing-time applications, journal-club discussions, tutorialexercises, etc., building on the experience gained during the module


The module will run throughout the year, so that students can attend the Astrophysics seminar and journalclub series, formally supported by one-hour tutorials every week. In addition to the student-centred elements ofthe module, students will be required to attend astrophysics research seminars given by invited speakers fromother universities and take part in journal clubs, including their own leading of a discussion of a recent paper.

31. Syllabus

PHYS496 The module will run throughout the year, formally supported by hour-long tutorialsevery week. During this period, in addition to the student-centred elements of themodule, students will be required to attend astrophysics research seminars given byinvited speakers from other universities, take part in journal clubs, including their ownleading of a discussion of a recent paper and observe staff members in anundergraduate teaching role.

The syllabus will comprise:

Criticism of the popular and technical communication of astrophysics in: newspaperreports; articles in New Scientist; Scientific American; Physics Today; telescope timeproposals and grant proposals in general; short television interviews; videos designedfor both public information and education; research seminars and public lectures; arecent research paper from a refereed journal; writing and production of, for example,newpaper reports; popular articles; posters; television and radio interviews; telescopeproposals; undergraduate laboratory and tutorial exercises; seminars and lectures


Popular science magazines (e.g. New Scientists, Physics Today, Scientific American), popular astronomymagazines (e.g. Astronomy Now, Sky & Telescope), newspapers (The Independent, the Liverpool Echo), TVprogrammes (e.g. Horizon, Equinox, Open University), research journals (e.g. Nature, Monthly Notices of theRoyal Astronomical Society, The Astrophysical Journal)

ASSESSMENT


% of final



Notes

mark 34. CONTINUOUS Duration Timing




Notes

Journal Club Notes 1 or 2 15 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Journal ClubPresentation

1 or 2 25 Only inexceptionalcircumstances



Seminar Notes 1 or 2 10 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy


Telescope TimeAllocation Committee




Telescope TimeProposal


As universitypolicy


Popular Article 1 or 2 15 Only inexceptionalcircumstances

As universitypolicy




1. Module Title MAGNETIC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Prof WA Hofer Chemistry [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Dr HR Sharma Physics [email protected]







17. ContactHours

16 2 18





PHYS363


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




F303 (4) F521 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To build on the third year modules Condensed Matter PhysicsTo develop an understanding of the phenomena and fundamental mechanisms of magnetism incondensed matter



A basic understanding of the quantum origin of the magnetism and magnetic momentsAn introduction to the Weiss molecular field theory of ferromagnetismA basic understanding of spin waves in ordered magnetsAn introduction to the techniques of neutron scattering and magnetic x-ray scatteringAn appreciation of simple magnetic structures and magnetic excitationsAn introduction to new magnetic materials



31. Syllabus

Atomic structure basis for atomic magnetic moments in solidsDefinition of Magnetisation, magnetic susceptibility, diamagnetism,paramagnetism, Brillouin functionMagnetic moments of Rare Earth ions, Transition metal ionsCrystal field, quenching of orbital angular momentum in transition metal ions,Jahn-Teller effectMagnetic ordering, Mean Field Theory, M vs T curve, critical exponentsMechanisms of magnetic interaction, exchange interaction, direct exchange,superexchange, RKKY interactionMagnetic Anisotropy, magnetic structuresMagnetic excitations, magnonsMagnetometry, VSM, SQUID magnetometersNeutron diffraction, magnetic resonant x-ray diffractionMossbauer spectroscopyNew materials - magnetic multilayers


"Magnetism - Principles and Applications" by D Craik

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes



1. Module Title PROJECT (MPHYS)


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 30




11. Module Moderator Dr U Klein Physics [email protected]



Dr SD Barrett Physics [email protected]





17. ContactHours

1 161 162





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:



F303 (4) F521 (4)


MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To give students experience of working independently on an original problemTo give students an opportunity to be involved in scientific researchTo encourage learning, understanding and application of a particular physics subjectTo give students an opportunity to display qualities such as initiative and ingenuityTo improve students ability to keep daily records of the work in hand and its outcomesTo develop students' competence in scientific communication, both in oral and written form



Experience of participation in planning all aspects of the workExperience researching literature and other sources of relevant informationExperience of the practical nature of physicsImproved practical and technical skills to carrying out physics investigationsAn ability to organise and manage timeAn ability to plan, execute and report on the results of an investigationImproved skills in preparing and delivering oral presentationsAn appreciation of a selected are of current physics research



31. Syllabus

None.


None

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes





Notes

Project and Report(Supervisor)


As universitypolicy


Project Report(Second Academic)


As universitypolicy


Poster Presentation 180minutes






1. Module Title NANOSCALE PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY


3. Year 201011


Physics




8. Credit Value 7.5



Dr VR Dhanak Physics [email protected]

11. Module Moderator Prof WA Hofer Chemistry [email protected]







17. ContactHours

14 2 2 18





None


None


None

24. Linked Modules:




F303 (4) F521 (4)

MODULE DESCRIPTION

28. Aims

To introduce the emerging fields of nanoscale physics and nanotechnologyTo describe experimental techniques for probing physical properties of nanostructured materialsTo describe the novel size-dependent electronic, optical, magnetic and chemical properties ofnanoscale materialsTo describe several `hot topics' in nanoscience researchTo develop students' problem-solving, investigative, communication and analytic skills throughappropriate assignments.



Understanding of how and why nanoscale systems formUnderstanding of how nanoscale systems may be probed experimentallyUnderstanding of the physics of nanoscale systemsUnderstanding of the potential applications of nanoscale systems in nanotechnologyEnhanced problem-solving, investigative, communication and analytic skills developed throughappropriate assignments.



31. Syllabus

Introduction and formation of nanostructures

Moore's law, Top-down vs bottom-up approaches to building nanostructuresNanolithography. Self-assembly of nanostructures. Atomic and molecularmanipulation

Techniques for probing nanostructures

STM and AFM, Photoemission, Photoluminescence, magnetic techniques

Novel properties of nanostructures

Electronic properties: quantum dots, quantum wires and quantum wellsOptical properties: plasmon resonances, luminescenceMagnetic properties`Tuning' of size-selected properties

Some hot topics in nanoscale science, e.g.

Magnetic nanoclusters and spintronicsCarbon-based nanomaterials (fullerenes and nanotubes) and molecularelectronicsAperiodic nanosystems


None available. References will be given to articles in research journals and popular science magazines.

ASSESSMENT


% of finalmark



Notes




% of finalmark



Notes

Literature ProjectReport


As universitypolicy


Two SemesterReports


As universitypolicy


Oral Presentation 1 5 Only inexceptionalcircumstances



0/100 !!!!!!!# !!!!!!!$ %&'#$A .0/(9)-!%054,*4sdb/ModSpecs/2010/PHYSmod...Physics examples taken...

Documents

Transcript of 0/100 !!!!!!!# !!!!!!!$ %&'#$A .0/(9)-!%054,*4sdb/ModSpecs/2010/PHYSmod...Physics examples taken...