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01. Microwave Communication Final
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Comprehensive Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions Advanced Communication Electronics Engineering Publications
Transcript of 01. Microwave Communication Final
Comprehensive Theory
with Solved Examples and Practice Questions
Advanced Communication
ElectronicsEngineering
Publications
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Advanced Communication© Copyright, by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above mentioned publisher of this book.
First Edition: 2017
Second Edition: 2018
Third Edition: 2019
Fourth Edition: 2020
Fifth Edition: 2021
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Publications
Chapter 1Microwave Communication .............. 1-311.1 Block Diagram of Terrestrial Communication System.... 2
1.2 Advantages of Microwave System ........................................ 3
1.3 Properties of Microwave System ........................................... 3
1.4 Ground Wave Propagation or Surface Wave Propagation ....4
1.5 Sky Wave Propagation/Ionospheric Wave Propagation .....5
1.6 Space Wave Propagation ........................................................14
1.7 Duct Wave Propagation ..........................................................17
1.8 Fading ............................................................................................18
1.9 Microwave Communication Systems ................................21
1.10 Microwave Communication ..................................................23
1.11 LOS Microwave Systems .........................................................23
1.12 Block Diagram of a Analog Microwave System ..............25
1.13 Over the Horizon (OTH) Microwave Systems ..................28
1.14 Digital Microwave System ......................................................29
1.15 Block Diagram of Digital Microwave System ..................29
Student’s Assignments ..............................................................30
Chapter 2Satellite Communication ................ 32-542.1 Block Diagram of Satellite Communication System .....32
2.2 Advantages of Satellite Communication ..........................33
2.3 Disadvantages of Satellite Communication ....................33
2.4 Applications of Satellite .........................................................33
2.5 Frequency Allocation for Satellites .....................................34
2.6 Classification of Satellites .......................................................34
2.7 Kepler’s Law .................................................................................37
2.8 Derivation of Time Period of Satellite ................................39
2.9 Satellite Subsystem ..................................................................40
2.10 General Link Design Equations ............................................41
2.11 Free Space Path Loss ................................................................44
2.12 System Noise Temperature ....................................................44
2.13 G/T Ratio .......................................................................................45
2.14 Noise Figure and Noise Temperature .................................48
2.15 Noise Figure and Noise Temperature
for Cascaded Amplifiers ..........................................................49
2.16 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) .................................52
2.17 Global Positioning System (GPS) .........................................52
Student’s Assignments ..............................................................52
Chapter 3Optical Communication System ..... 55-863.1 Comparison of Satellite and Optical Communication ....56
3.2 Block Diagram of Optical Communication System .......56
3.3 Optical Fibre Link ......................................................................57
3.4 Refractive Index .........................................................................57
3.5 Optical Fibre and Fibre Cable ................................................57
3.6 Structural Characteristics .......................................................58
3.7 Working Principle of Optical Fibre ......................................58
3.8 Types of Rays in Optical Fibre ...............................................61
3.9 Classification of Fibres .............................................................62
3.10 Normalized Frequency or V-Number of a Fibre..............66
3.11 Cut-off Wavelength of a Single Mode Fibre .....................67
3.12 Attenuation in Optical Fibres ................................................69
3.13 Dispersion ....................................................................................70
3.14 Light Source ................................................................................73
3.15 LASER .............................................................................................75
3.16 Light Detectors ..........................................................................77
3.17 Optical Link Design ..................................................................82
3.18 Wavelength Division Multiplexing......................................84
Student’s Assignments ..............................................................85
(iii)
Advance Communication-I
Advanced CommunicationContents
(iv)
Chapter 5Transport Layer ............................ 147-1525.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 147
5.2 Transport Layer Services ...................................................... 147
5.3 Introduction to UDP .............................................................. 148
5.4 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ............................... 149
5.5 Stream Control Transmission Protocol ........................... 151
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 152
Chapter 6Application Layer ........................ 153-1636.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 153
6.2 Application Layer Protocols................................................ 153
6.3 Application Layer Protocols and Services Examples . 154
6.4 WWW Service and HTTP ...................................................... 156
6.5 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) .................................................. 158
6.6 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ............................. 159
6.7 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ........ 160
6.8 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ............ 161
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 163
Chapter 7Network Security ......................... 164-1817.1 Cryptography .......................................................................... 164
7.2 Public Key Cryptography ..................................................... 168
7.3 Secured Communication..................................................... 169
7.4 Key Management ................................................................... 172
7.5 Firewalls, Tunnels and Network Intrusion Detection 173
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 181
Chapter 8Cellular Network .......................... 182-1968.1 Cellular Networks ................................................................... 182
8.2 Operation of Cellular Systems ........................................... 187
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 196
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Chapter 1Building Blocks of Network .......... 87-1001.1 Data ............................................................................................88
1.2 Data communication network architecture ....................88
1.3 Switching .....................................................................................96
1.4 Data communication hardware components ................98
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 100
Chapter 2OSI and TCP/IP Model .................. 101-1102.1 Layered Architecture ............................................................. 101
2.2 Protocols Hierarchies ............................................................ 101
2.3 OSI Model .................................................................................. 104
2.4 TCP/IP Reference Model ...................................................... 109
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 109
Chapter 3Data Link Layer ............................ 111-1203.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 111
3.2 Error Detection/Correction Using Data Link Layer..... 111
3.3 Sliding Window Protocols (SWP) ...................................... 112
3.4 Point to Point Protocol (PPP) .............................................. 116
3.5 High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) .............................. 118
Student’s Assignments .......................................................... 120
Chapter 4Network Layer .............................. 121-1464.1 Addressing ................................................................................ 121
4.2 Subnetting ................................................................................ 126
4.3 Internet Protocol Version 4(IPv4) ...................................... 127
4.4 IPv6/IP Next Generation ...................................................... 129
4.5 Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ............................................... 134
4.6 Address Resolution Protocol .............................................. 135
4.7 Reverse ARP (RARP) ............................................................... 136
4.8 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).................... 136
4.9 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) ............ 137
4.10 Routing Algorithms ............................................................... 137
4.11 Routing Algorithms ............................................................... 139
4.12 Distance Vector Routing ...................................................... 140
4.13 Count to Infinity ...................................................................... 142
4.14 Link State Routing .................................................................. 142
4.15 Path-Vector Routing .............................................................. 143
Student’s Assignments ........................................................... 146
Advance Communication-II
