01 Introduction.ppt...
Transcript of 01 Introduction.ppt...
Program Program 2009/2010 2009/2010 Introduction: Engineering Geodesy I and IIIntroduction: Engineering Geodesy I and IIMonitoring Instrumentation, Beaconing/Realisation of control points (EG I)Submission and Contracting (EG II)G d ti N t k d D f ti A l i (EG I + II)Geodetic Networks and Deformation Analysis (EG I + II)EG and Civil Engineering (Swiss and international projects)
Staking out and monitoringB ilding grip line la o t• Building grip line layout
• Roads and Railways• Machine Guidance Systems
Structural health monitoring (Deformation and subsidence of buildings)Structural health monitoring (Deformation and subsidence of buildings)• Towers an Bridges (EG I)• Dams& Barrages (EG I)• Tunnels (EGII)
EG and Machine Industry including prefabricated building elements• Industrial Metrology
P l t A l t• Powerplants, Accelerators• Radiotelescopes
Natural Hazard Monitoring (EG 1)• Landslides and Rockfalls
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
• Landslides and RockfallsSelf Learning Project “Engineering Geodesy Project”
Geomatic Engineering and Planning
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
in discussion!!! In future, no subject may be required for obtaining the “Geometerpatent”
certificate for legalcertificate for legal surveying
(Geometerpatent)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
LiteratureMö M Müll G S hl H W H [2000] H db h d I i dä i G dlMöser, M.; Müller, G.; Schlemmer, H.; Werner, H. [2000]: Handbuch der Ingenieurgeodäsie - Grundlagen.
3. Neubearbeitete Auflage, Wichmann, Heidelberg.
SCHWARZ, W. [1990]: Vermessungsverfahren in Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Schriftenreihe DVW Band 13 Verlag Konrad Wittwer.
DVW-Tagungsbände for special themes, z.B.:
Geodätische Messverfahren im Maschinenbau 26 DVW SeminarGeodätische Messverfahren im Maschinenbau, 26. DVW Seminar
Kinematische Meßmethoden in der Ingenieur- und Industrievermessung, Band 22 der DVW-Schriftenreihe, Wittwer Verlag
K fü I i (1996 G Dü l V l 2000 Mü h Wi V l 2004Kurse für Ingenieurvermessung (1996 Graz Dümmler Verlag, 2000 München, Wittwer-Verlag, 2004 Zürich)
Conferences on Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques, Wichmann-Verlag
Special articles in the journal Geomatik Schweiz (ehemals VPK), AVN, ZfV, ……
European and international Workshops on Strucutral Health Monitoring (www onera fr/congress/shm2002) (www structure stanford edu/workshop);(www.onera.fr/congress/shm2002) (www.structure.stanford.edu/workshop); (www.wusceel.cive.wustl.edu/asce.shm); (www.sfb477.tu-bs.de); (www.samco.org)
FIG Congress papers commissions 5 and 6
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Literature/ReferencesLiterature/References
Technical monographsDIN 1319 [1983]: Grundbegriffe der Messtechnik; Begriffe für die Fehler beim Messen. Beuth Verlag, Berlin.DIN 18710 : Ingenieurvermessung Teil 1 - Teil 4. Beuth Verlag, Berlin.DIN 18710 : Ingenieurvermessung Teil 1 Teil 4. Beuth Verlag, Berlin.ISO 1993 : International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM), Gemeinschaftswerk von BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP und OIML ISBN 92-67-01075-1OIML, ISBN 92 67 01075 1.ISO 1995 : Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), Gemeinschaftswerk von BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP und OIML, ISBN 92-67-10188-9 NachdruckISBN 92-67-10188-9. Nachdruck.ISO 3534-1 [1993]: Statistics –Vocabulary and Symbols. Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms.ISO TC172 SC6 G d ti I t tISO TC172 SC6 : Geodetic InstrumentsFIG dictionary (s. BKG)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
What is Engineering Geodesy?What is Engineering Geodesy?Unter dem Begriff Ingenieurgeodäsie oder Ingenieurvermessung verstehen sichalle Messtechniken, Auswerteverfahren und Methoden, die ausserhalb derAmtlichen- Landes- und topographischen Vermessung stehenAmtlichen , Landes und topographischen Vermessung stehen.(Script IG1)
Engineering Geodesy is an application of geodetic methods in industry and civil engineering. Among the principal tasks of engineering geodesy there is complete geodetic site management – from works carried out during the design phase of construction throughsite management – from works carried out during the design phase of construction through site surveying to documentation of its as-built version and, in some cases, even long-term monitoring of its shifts and deformations. Engineering geodesy is characterized by high demands for measurement precision and alsoEngineering geodesy is characterized by high demands for measurement precision and also by the fact that the measurements are carried out in very difficult conditions. The use of the latest devices is often the only way to fulfil the accuracy requirements.
Prof. Leoš Mervart Department of Advanced Geodesy Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Praguehttp://geoinformatics.fsv.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php/Applications_of_the_Galileo_System_in_Civil_
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
p g p p pp _ _ _ _ y _ _ _Engineering
Historical Tasks in Engineering GeodesyHistorical Tasks in Engineering GeodesyOldest applications of surveying
Staking out of objects ( Mesopotamia; Pyramids, Egypt; Stonehenge; China………)Tunnel Jerusalem, 700 BC: Deviation 1.5 m length 600 mTunnel Jerusalem, 700 BC: Deviation 1.5 m length 600 mTunnel Epalinos (Samos) 530 BC: Direction transfer via sun and rectangular traversing:
Horizontal Deviation 2 m, Height 3 m; length 1 kmR A d t d B idRomans Aqueducts- und BridgesLimes: 87 km, 2 m deviation of the straight line
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Brake -through Epalinos
Developments towards modern Engineering GeodesyDevelopments towards modern Engineering Geodesy
19th CenturyConstruction of Railway Lines (Tunnels, Bridges, Viaducts)y ( , g , )
1872-1880: from1850: compound curves (Korbbogen), cubic functions and other transition curves 1880 G tth d T l L th 15 k H i t l Off t 33 V ti l Off t 51880: Gotthard-Tunnel Length 15 km, Horizontal Offset 33 cm , Vertical Offset 5 cm
20th Century20th CenturyRoad Construction, Machines (Ships- and Aircrafts, Big Dams)
21th CenturyHigh Speed Traffic Systems with long Tunnels und Bridges(Transrapid, Maglev, TGV, ICE, X2000, Shinkansen, Slab tracks, …)Monitoring as a part of a risk management system (structural health monitoring)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Tunnelling the AlpsTunnelling the AlpsSwissmetro ?
Gotthard 2014Brenner Base Tunnel 2015
Swissmetro ?
Lötschberg 2007 2000
1980 Gotthard / Fréjus1972 Brenner
1967 San Bernhardino
2000
1967 San Bernhardino1965 Mt. Blanc
1950
Simplon 1906Lötschberg 1913
1900Gotthard 1882
Mt Cenis 1872Brenner 1867
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Brenner 1867
Documentation of accidents in CEDocumentation of accidents in CE
From: “Der Bauingenieur” 2006
Breaking of an underground car park inC ll f t l f th d d i
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Breaking of an underground car park in Gretzenbach, Bezirk Olten, Kanton Soloturn, 2004
Collapse of a tunnel for the underground in Lausanne 2005
3D Plans/Visualisation for CE tasks3D Plans/Visualisation for CE tasks
(UNI Hannover)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Terahertz Technology
Engineering Geodesy & Facility ManagementEngineering Geodesy & Facility Management
Visualization of water- and gas pipes
Branched, sophisticated underground mainsView through a transparent road
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
From Geomatik Schweiz 8/06
Monitoring of NaturalMonitoring of Natural-- and human induced hazards and human induced hazards
Gurtnellen, Gotthard Motorway A231.5.2006
VW B tl C b i G C l
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
VW Beatle Cabrio, German Couple, Road 4 Weeks Closed
Monitoring of NaturalMonitoring of Natural-- and human induced hazards and human induced hazards
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Characteristics of Engineering Geodesy Characteristics of Engineering Geodesy
Hi h P i i G d i M l M h dHigh Precision Geodetic Metrology Methods• high precision/accuracy/reliability • measurements under difficult environmental conditions• hybrid metrology und and hybrid Networks (sensor integration) • problems of the representativeness of capturing objects (what where how to measure?)• permanent metrology applications
i ti t l• cinematic metrology• real time applications• ………….
I t di i li j t ith hi h ibilit d hi h i kInterdisciplinary projects with high responsibility and high risks• Diverse definitions of requirements (Accuracy, Tolerance, uncertainty, RMS, Sigma
levels)
Involvement in a complex project management process• The main task/requirement of the contractor implies many subsequent tasks, which
h b l d b h ihave to be solved by the engineer
contrast with surveying
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Typical Tasks and Techniques of Engineering Geodesy (DMT Advertisement)
DMT GmbH DMT GmbH
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
http://www.dmt.dehttp://www.dmt.dehttp://www.dmt.de/en/services/exploration_geosurvey/geomonitoring.htmlhttp://www.dmt.de/en/services/exploration_geosurvey/geomonitoring.html
Typical Tasks and Techniques of Engineering Geodesy (DMT Advertisement)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Basic metrology tasks: Capture / Monitoring and Stake outBasic metrology tasks: Capture / Monitoring and Stake out
VirtualityPlanningCAD/GISCAD/GIS
RealityObject
Data capturereality virtuality
Stake out
Transfer of planned objectsreality virtuality Transfer of planned objects(CAD) into reality
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
EngineeringEngineering--geodetic measurements are required for:geodetic measurements are required for:
In Civil Engineering as a prerequisite for the design of CE projects p q g p j(plans, maps, 3D DTM, DOM) staking out of designed objectsMachine guidanceCheck and Monitoring of objects
DesignStructural health monitoring
In Machine Engineering as a prerequisite for the designas a prerequisite for the designmonitoring during the production processStaking out of objects (machines aircrafts, ships, fabrication plants,….)
Use Manufacturing
(according to Möser, Müller, Werner, Schlemmer,
Use Manufacturing
(according to Möser, Müller, Werner, Schlemmer, 2000)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Main Tasks in Engineering Geodesy
Engineering Geodesy
Main Tasks
Data Capt re Stake outData Capture
Monitoring
Stake out
2D/3D
Situation Capture
Tolerance Check
Discrete
Single points
Continuous
Trajectory
Deformation
MeasurementsTolerance Check Single points TrajectoryMeasurements
Monitoring/Support
of CE ProcessesBuildingsNatural Hazards
Cross reactionsIndustry Machine
Guidance
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Möser et.al.
Trends in Engineering GeodesyTrends in Engineering Geodesy
from geometric data capture towards whole descriptions of objects
Civil Engineering: change of material used, damagesGeotechnics, GeophysicsD C f GIS i di i li b i f d i i kiData Capture for GIS as an interdisciplinary basis for decision makingBuilding-Information Systems (GebIS) for Facility Management Systems (FM) Controlling of estates, infrastructures, industrial plots
dynamic descriptions Real-Time- Deformation MonitoringG id f t ti hiGuidance of construction machinesdriverless transportation systems
new application areas ppProduction measurement technology (= Fertigungsmesstechnik)navigation, controlling
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
InterdisciplinarityInterdisciplinarity
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Who carries out engineering geodesy tasks ?Who carries out engineering geodesy tasks ?
Geodesists, Geomatic Engineers, Surveying engineers at:
Engineer- / Geometer-offices
Industry (Car manufacturing, Heavy-machines,...) y ( g, y , )
Research oriented organisations (PSI, CERN, Desy..)
Cities (land surveying offices) ( y g )
Country wide level (Swisstopo)
Furthermore: Mining engineers (Markscheider), Civil Engineers (Hydraulic Engineering), Electro-Engineers, Machine Engineers, Geo-Physisists, Geo-Technicians, Geologists,...
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Interdisciplinarity: Metrology of diverse DisciplinesInterdisciplinarity: Metrology of diverse Disciplines
Geophysics
I d t i l t lIndustrial metrologyIncluding construction machine technology
Others
Geotechnics Geodesy includingincluding
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Interdisciplinarity: Sensors Interdisciplinarity: Sensors –– Measuring Methods Measuring Methods –– ExpertsExpertsMonitoring projects
Sensors Measuring Methods ExpertsSensors Measuring Methods Experts
Accuracy Civil engineer
Mechanical
Periodical Permanent
Filt iZ iConnection
Calibration
Mechanical engineer
Geologist
Filtering
Marginal Check
Zero measuring
Adjustment
LogisticsMetrology specialist
1. Measuring
Adjustment
i. Measuring
Adjustment
Analysis of deformation
Visualisation
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Visualisation
How to find a common language in interdisciplinary tasks?How to find a common language in interdisciplinary tasks?How to find a common language in interdisciplinary tasks?How to find a common language in interdisciplinary tasks?
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Quality of “products” in Engineering GeodesyQuality of “products” in Engineering Geodesy
Geodesists often have their own, sometimes non-compatible, way to describe the quality of geometric data.
Frequently they are restricted to the use of the quality criteria accuracy, precision,…….
Although other criteria like: Correctness, Availability (Real time approach), y ( pp )Topicality, Timeliness,Completeness,Sensitivity, Separability,Coverage,Reliability, Integrity,………………..
are equally important.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Quality Characteristics in Engineering GeodesyQuality Characteristics in Engineering Geodesy
“integrity” is that quality which relates to the trust which can be placed in the correctness of the information supplied by the total system. Integrity risk is the probability of an undetected failure of the specified accuracy. Integrity includes the ability of a system to provide timely warnings to the user when the system should not be used for the intended operation.pcorrectness of information a quantitative value given for a parameter as correct, if the information itself plus the uncertainty attached to it does not violate the accuracy specifications for this particular parameteraccuracy specifications for this particular parameter.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Quality Characteristics in Engineering GeodesyQuality Characteristics in Engineering Geodesy
Census Bureau Principle: Definition of Data Quality
Utility refers to the usefulness of the information for its intended usersUtility - refers to the usefulness of the information for its intended users.Objectivity - refers to whether information is accurate, reliable, and unbiased, and is presented in an accurate, clear, and unbiased manner.Integrity - refers to the security or protection of information from unauthorized access orIntegrity refers to the security or protection of information from unauthorized access or revision.Relevance refers to the degree to which our data products provide information that meets our customers’ needs.A f t th diff b t ti t f t d it t lAccuracy refers to the difference between an estimate of a parameter and its true value. We characterize the difference in terms of systematic (bias) and random (variance) errors.Timeliness refers to the length of time between the reference period of the information and when we deliver the data product to our customers.pAccessibility refers to the ease with which customers can identify, obtain, and use the information in our data products.Interpretability refers to the availability of documentation to aid customers in understanding and using our data products This documentation typically includes: theunderstanding and using our data products. This documentation typically includes: the underlying concepts; definitions; the methods used to collect, process, and analyze the data; and the limitations imposed by the methods used.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
http://www.census.gov/quality/P01-0_v1.3_Definition_of_Quality.pdf
Absolute and Relative AccuracyAbsolute and Relative Accuracy
Absolute accuracy is defined withAbsolute accuracy is defined with respect to a global coordinate system.
Relative accuracy (precision) stands for differences between measured points or observations
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
German Usage of “Fehler”German Usage of “Fehler”
In German Language „Fehler“ is an established expression. It originates from the translation of the Englisch „error“ and is still used in nowadays industrial norms (e.g. DIN1319: Grundbegriffe der Messtechnik;)
Suggestion: use Abweichung“ instead of Fehler“ in order to take into account theSuggestion: use „Abweichung instead of „Fehler in order to take into account the systematic components in observations / measurements. Only for gross errors, the expression “Fehler” should be used.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Various Quality CriteriaVarious Quality Criteria
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Various Quality CriteriaVarious Quality Criteria
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Various Quality CriteriaVarious Quality Criteria
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Quality Requirements of CE and MEQuality Requirements of CE and ME
TolerancesTolerancesTolerance propagationTolerance propagationTolerance propagationTolerance propagation
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Accuracy (Geodesy) Accuracy (Geodesy) Tolerance (CE, ME) Tolerance (CE, ME)
Geometric quality is described in terms of accuracy. Quality criteria in civil and machine engineering are tolerances.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Propagation of Tolerances
T T T T= + + +2 2 2T T T Tg n= + + +1 2 ...quadratic Tolerance-chain (CE)q ( )
T T T Tg n= + + +1 2 ...
Tolerance-chain (Mechanical Engineering)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Tolerance and Standard deviationIn general the tolerance T is composed of the components:In general the tolerance T is composed of the components:
Tp = production tolerance (Fertigungstoleranz)
Ta = assembly tolerance (Montagetoleranz)Ta assembly tolerance (Montagetoleranz)
Ts = surveying tolerance (Messtoleranz)
“Quadratic” Tolerance Propagation
2 2 2 2T2 = Tp2 + Ta
2 + Ts2
The relationship between surveying tolerance and tolerance is given in the followingThe relationship between surveying tolerance and tolerance is given in the following
where p denotes the probability of the surveying tolerance being off.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Relation “Standard Deviation Relation “Standard Deviation Tolerances Tolerances
If normal distribution is assumed and the significance level is chosen to 5 %, a common value for engineering tasks, the factor k ≈ 2 is defined.
A smaller significance level leads to a larger factor and therefore to a smaller standard deviation.
as rule of thumb the portion p of the surveying tolerance of the whole tolerance is fixed to a third and significance level of 5 % or 0.3 % are chosen leading to a factor of k = 2 respectively k = 3 e g d = (17 282 +- 0 002)m (k=2)respectively k = 3. e.g. d = (17,282 +- 0.002)m (k=2)
Thus the resulting ratio between tolerance and standard deviation is given byσ ≈ 0 2 T for α= 5% and S σ ≈ 0 15 T for α= 0 3%σS ≈ 0.2 T for α= 5% and S σS ≈ 0.15 T for α= 0,3% .
The exact relationship is defined in contracts between the civil engineer and d f t t d d lik DIN (1998) h ti fsurveyor and may refer to standards like DIN (1998), where e.g. a ratio of
approximately 1:10 to 1:5 is defined. Möhlenbrink et al 2006
// / / / / /S f
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
http://www.geometh.ethz.ch/student/eg1/2006/01/Schwarz_DVW2004.pdf p.16http://www.geometh.ethz.ch/student/eg1/
ExamplesExamples
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Current Projects at SwitzerlandCurrent Projects at Switzerland
NEAT (project AlpTransit Gotthard) Gotthard Base Tunnel 57 Km , Lötschberg 37 Km, Gotthard Base Tunnel 57 Km , Lötschberg 37 Km, Ceneri, Zimmerberg, ...Ceneri, Zimmerberg, ...
Zurich cross-city link (Durchmesserlinie Zürich incl. Weinbergtunnel)
Falling rocks and landslides
Randa, Falli Hölli, Heinzenberg, Cuolm da Vi, St. Moritz, Wäggital, Leventina, Campo, Lopper, inzenberg, Cuolm da Vi, St. Moritz, Wäggital, Leventina, Campo, Lopper, , , g, , , gg , , p , pp ,g, , , gg , , p , pp ,Marmorea, Chapf, Eiger, Gurtnellen …Marmorea, Chapf, Eiger, Gurtnellen …
Dam-Monitoring g
ca. 30 –40 Objects at Switzerland
Accelerators
CERN LHC, PSI (Neutron light source)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
The European Railway NetworkThe European Railway Network
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AlpTransit
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Dams in the surrounding of the tunnelDams in the surrounding of the tunnel
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Geodetic Monitoring Network „Mauer Nalps“Geodetic Monitoring Network „Mauer Nalps“
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Total Stations installed on the Crest of the Dam
Radio Antenna
Ventilation
meteorological sensors
Photos: Swissphoto
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Monitoring and RiskmanagementMonitoring and Riskmanagement
Landslides
Flooding
Landslides
DamsRockfalls
Glaciers
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Glaciers
Multisensor based Monitoring System for Disaster PreventionMUMOSYMUMOSY
ROBOVec
WUHAN UNIVERSITY
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Worldwide Engineering projectsWorldwide Engineering projects
Jütland Seeland; Denmark Sweden (Öresund) (finished)
Eurotunnel (finished) , Bosporous Tunnel
Elbetunnel (finished)
Yangtse project (China)
Planned Projects:
Brenner-Base Tunnel, Semmering Base Tunnel ( 2007–2011 )
NEAT AlpTransit (under construction)
GibraltarbridgeMessinabridge
SwissmetroSwissmetro
High Speed Trains (new track technologies)Transrapid (D, China, Maglev (J), Swissmetro (CH))
………….
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Examples: Engineering ProjectsExamples: Engineering Projects
Messina Brücke
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Trains:Transrapid,Swissmetro,Maglev
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
RailwayRailway--GeodesyGeodesy
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Kinnematic track surveying by means of a multi-sensor platform
The increasing use of modern high-speedtrains requires increasing safety standardsand, consequently, accurate railway tracks.Traditional methods for track surveying doTraditional methods for track surveying donot any longer satisfy economic aspects.For these reasons, HTA Burgdorfdeveloped a track surveying platform in co-operation with terra vermessungen AG,Switzerland.
Tachymeter beim automatischen Verfolgen des Messwagens
10
15
Quer- und Längsneigung eines Gleises
Laengsneigung Schiene rechtsLaengsneigung Schiene links
Querneigung1.435
1.436
SpurweiteGleismesswagen mit Trimble 4700-GPS
-15
-10
-5
0
5
Nei
gung
[o/o
o]
1.431
1.432
1.433
1.434
Spu
rwei
te [m
]
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
-20156500 156520 156540 156560 156580 156600
Stationierung [m]
1.430156500 156520 156540 156560 156580 156600
Stationierung [m]
Construction Machine NavigationConstruction Machine Navigation dynamic model parameters
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
TBM (TBM (Tunnel boring machineTunnel boring machine))
Elbtunnelröhre
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Example: Deformation Measurements Cuolm da Vi (GR)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Example: Great Belt (Grosser Belt)
The Great Belt is 60 kilometers long and 16-32 km. wide. Bridge for rail and cars since 1997
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Examples: Great BeltGreat Belt (1997) and (1997) and Oeresund (2000)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Example: Tejo Bridge
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Bridges
fertig Spannweitefertig Spannweitegestellt
Brooklyn USA 1883 486Golden Gate USA 1937 1281
gestellt
Saint-Nazaire F 1975 404Barrios de Luna E 1983 440 Golden Gate USA 1937 1281
Humber GB 1981 1410Grosser-Belt DK 1998 1642 Akashi JP 1998 1990
Barrios de Luna E 1983 440Skornsund N 1992 530Yang-Pu China 1993 602 Normandie F 1994 856 Akashi JP 1998 1990
Messina I ? 3300Gibraltar E ? 5000
Normandie F 1994 856Tatara JP im Bau 890
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Example: Bridge across the Aare
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Example: Structural Monitoring of the Church in St. Moritz
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Industrial Metrology: Surveying of AircraftsIndustrial Metrology: Surveying of Aircrafts
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Example: Science LaboratoriesScience Laboratories (CERN, PSI, HERA;..)(CERN, PSI, HERA;..)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
EndEnd
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand