01 CSAP Ch1 Introduction
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!"#$%% '()*+,-. /.012,-0,+.-
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8-9(:31 ;-9529 !:-9,.( 635 452 ?356+5>
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45,.(6+07(5
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Y-Z+2=2,-
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'(+.=-
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;(*20=
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G.(>.3) !"##$
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!"##$G.(>.3)
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!"##$G.(>.3)
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p56-.=,356 1(b 0()*2:37(5 =B=,-) b(.9=
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W3.6b3.- P.>352`37(5
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W3.6b3.- P.>352`37(5
Personal Computer
Processor(active)
Computer
Control(brain)
Datapath
(brawn)
Memory(passive)
(whereprograms,datalive whenrunning)
Devices
Input
Output
Keyboard,Mouse
Display,Printer
Disk(whereprograms,datalive whennot running)
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W3.6b3.- P.>352`37(5
main
memory
I/O
bridge
bus interface
ALU
register file
CPU chip
system bus memory bus
Hard diskcontroller
graphicsadapter
USBcontroller
mouse keyboard monitor
disk
I/O bus Expansion slotsuntuk devais lain
seperti LAN, dll
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W3.6b3.- P.>352`37(5
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W3.6b3.- P.>352`37(5
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W3.6b3.- P.>352`37(5
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![-0+75> hello9"+5".0 m%n
main
memory
I/O
bridge
bus interface
ALU
register file
CPU chip
system bus memory bus
Hard diskcontroller
graphicsadapter
USBcontroller
mousekeyboard monitor
disk
I/O busExpansion slotsFor other devices
such as networkadapter, etc
!
Read the !"##$command from keyboard
hello
usertypes
hello
25
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![-0+75> hello*.(>.3) mIn
main
memory
I/O
bridge
bus interface
ALU
register file
CPU chip
system bus memory bus
Hard diskcontroller
graphicsadapter
USBcontroller
mousekeyboard monitor
disk
I/O bus Expansion slotsuntuk devais lain
seperti LAN, dll
!Loading theexecutable from disk to
main memory
hello executable
stored on disk
hello, world\n
kode hello
26
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![-0+75> hello*.(>.3) m#n
main
memory
I/O
bridge
bus interface
ALU
register file
CPU chip
system bus memory bus
Hard diskcontroller
graphicsadapter
USBcontroller
mousekeyboard monitor
disk
I/O bus Expansion slotsfor other devices
such as LAN, etc
A.275> (+,*+,
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N-)(.B W2-.3.01B
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'301- N-)(.B
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/R=,.307(5=
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Processor Main memory I/O devices
Processes
Files
Virtual memory
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E2:-=
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r:-= mp52[ 4XPn
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'()*+,-. /R=,.307(5
I/O systemProcessor
Compiler
Operating
System
(Windows 98)
Application (Netscape)
Digital Design
Circuit Design
Instruction SetArchitecture
! Both Software and Hardware consist of hierarchical layers.!
Each lower layer hides the complexity from the layer above
! This abstraction principle is the way to cope with complexity
Datapath & Control
transistors
MemoryHardware
Software Assembler
EL3011
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;1- ?2> G20,+.-
35
Both hardware and software consist of hierarchicallayers, with each lower layer hiding details from thelevel above. This principle of abstraction is the wayboth hardware designers and software designers copewith the complexity of computer systems.One key
interface between the levels of abstraction is theinstruction set architecture: the interface between thehardware and low-level software. This abstractinterface enables many implementations of varyingcost and performance to run identical software.
John L. Hennessy
David A. Patterson