001 - Pqc-statcon for Web
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Transcript of 001 - Pqc-statcon for Web
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PQC-STATCON Fast dynamic/step-less compensation
Hasan Mydin J, PPHV-LVC Advanced Power Quality Solutions, India
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 2
What is poor power quality & why?
Any event related to the electrical network that ultimately results in financial loss
Power-supply failures
e.g, :breakers tripping, fuses blowing
Equipment failure, malfunctioning and lifetime reduction,
including
Equipment overheating (transformers, motors, etc)
Damage to sensitive equipment (PCs, UPS systems,
drives)
Capacitor problems
Electronic communication interference
System losses
Utility regulations and penalties
Personnel issues (illness, poor work efficiency, etc)
Reactive power, imbalance & Harmonics = Poor power Quality
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 3
Problems due to reactive power
Transmission & distribution losses in the network
Poor power factor reduces the efficiency of the motors
which in turn increases the operating costs
Penalty to the Electricity Boards (Example) at the
same time for better power quality there are rebates
from the electricity boards.
Overheating of the equipments which can be a source of
fire hazard
Unnecessary stress in the equipments wears down the life
of the equipment
Overall efficiency of the power system gets hit and
affecting the nations development.
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 4
Key elements of poor power quality
High running costs and failures
Reactive power Load imbalance Harmonics
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 5
Reactive power & imbalance sources
Motor loads cranes, SEA PORT, AIRPORTS, metros, industries, commercial & domestic applications. Railways
traction substations, harbours etc.
Welding loads - car manufacturers, furnaces, rolling mills,
steel industries.
Fluorescent domestic and commercial applications where the lighting load is predominant
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 6
What is the solution ?
Fixed capacitor compensation
Variable capacitance using relays
Thyristor switched capacitor bank
Fixed capacitor with TCR(reactor)
PQC - STATCON
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 7
Ways of compensation
Applications
Fixed Applications where the load is not flexible
Very simple in construction
Highly Economic solution
Could not be used for varying loads, so very limited
applications only
Fixed capacitor compensation
Manual
Switch
-1000
-750
-500
-250
0
250
500
750
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [ms]
Vo
lta
ge
[V
]
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
t
Q
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 8
Ways of compensation
Relay switched variable capacitor banks
Applications
Flexible Loads but only stepped compensation
Simple construction
Very less efficiency, slow response, system accuracy of
compensation to lesser since it is a stepped compensation
PFC
Controlled
Contactors
-1000
-750
-500
-250
0
250
500
750
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [ms]
Vo
lta
ge
[V
]
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
Q
t
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 9
Ways of compensation
Thyristor Switched Capacitor Compensation
Applications
Quick reactive time, Flexible Loads but only stepped
compensation
Capacitor based classical compensation
System accuracy of compensation is lesser since it is a
stepped compensation
-1000
-750
-500
-250
0
250
500
750
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [ms]
Vo
lta
ge
[V
]
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
VOLTAGE
CURRENT Q
t
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 10
Ways of compensation
Fixed capacitor + Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC+TCR)
Applications
Smooth Operations
High Response time within 2-3 cycles
No Negative VAR Compensation
Losses are high at light load conditions
Performance dependant on fault level in the
system
Q
t
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 11
Disadvantages of Classical Capacitor Compensation
Need time to discharge the capacitors
High inrush current
Limited life of the contactors
Limited step size
Create disturbances
Put stress on the elements
Heavy Maintenance is required
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 12
PQC - STATCON
Ultra High Speed Dynamic VAr Compensator with Unbalance-
Correction
Capacitance without Capacitors*
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 13
Construction Details Of PQC STATCON
PQC-STATCON
2300m
m
1000mm
900m
m
IGBT
Converter
PQC CONTROLLER
(DSP)
REACTOR
FEED BACK FROM CT
PO
WE
R S
UP
PLY
CONTROL LOGIC
VIA OPTO-
TRANSRECEIVERS
Vs Vi
VL
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 14
IL = (Vs-Vi)/jXL = VL/XL (- 90) IL leads the Vs by 90 (Capacitive)
Reactive Power Compensation(RPC) by STATCON: CASE-1: When Vi > Vs
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 15
IL = (Vs-Vi)/jXL = VL/XL (- 90) IL lags the Vs by 90 (Inductive)
RPC BY STATCON:
CASE-2: When Vi < Vs
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 16
RPC BY STATCON:
CASE-3: When Vi = Vs
Is= 0; Hence Supplying Zero Reactive Current
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 17
Construction Details Of PQC STATCON
PQC-STATCON
2300m
m
1000mm
900m
m
IGBT
Converter
PQC CONTROLLER
(DSP)
REACTOR
FEED BACK FROM CT
PO
WE
R S
UP
PLY
CONTROL LOGIC
VIA OPTO-
TRANSRECEIVERS
Vs Vi
VL
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 18
Basic operating principle of PQC-STATCON
Source
(Vs)
Wish Tank
(Vi)
Tap (Vt)
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 19
Basic operating principle of RPC
Case 1: When Vi > Vs,
Source (Vs)
Wish Tank (Vi) When Vi > Vs,
Vt = Vs Vi = -Ve
Vt = Negative
Tap (Vt)
Flow towards source
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 20
Source (Vs)
Wish tank (Vi)
When Vi < Vs,
Vt = Vs Vi = +Ve
Vt = Positive
Tap (Vt)
Flow towards wish tank
Basic operating principle of RPC Case 2: When Vi < Vs,
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 21
Source (Vs)
Wish tank (Vi)
When Vs = Vi,
Vt = Vs Vi = 0
Vt = Zero
Tap (VL)
No flow in the tap
Basic operating principle of RPC Case 3: When Vi = Vs,
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 22
?
Mr. Unbalanced Mr. Unknown (Balanced -ve sequence)
Mr. Known (Balanced
+ve sequence)
Iub = I+ + I-
(where I+ and I- is Positive and negative sequence currents respectively)
Since Power (P) is same we can find out I+, So I- is the unknown which will be injected by PQC-STATCON so that overall the system will draw a BALANCED current from the Grid
Unbalance Correction by PQC-STATCON:
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 23
Unbalance Correction by PQC-STATCON:
10
6
1
-5
-1
4
5 5 5
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 24
`
RESISTIVE
LOADS
ONLY
Detuned
C.Bank
(HT/LT)
REAL POWER
HARMONICS
PQC-
STATCON
REACTIVE POWER
FREE FROM
Reactive Power
& HARMONICS
FEED BACK FROM CT
Fixed Capacitive Xc / kVAr
RES +
REACTIVE
LOADS
RLC +
HARMONIC
LOADS
As Complete Power Quality Solution PQC-STATCON
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 25
IGBT
Converter
PQC CONTROLLER
(DSP)
REACTOR
FEED BACK
FROM CT
Vs Vi
VL
Modes of operation
1. Fixed Compensation Mode
2. Dynamic Compensation Mode
3. Test Mode
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 26
IGBT
Converter
PQC CONTROLLER
(DSP)
REACTOR
NO FEED BACK
PO
WE
R S
UP
PLY
CONTROL LOGIC
VIA OPTO-
TRANSRECEIVERS
Vs Vi
VL
DESIRED LOADS
TO BE
COMPENSATED
1. FIXED MODE
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 27
CLOSED LOOP / OPEN LOOP
Water Heater
Free floating one & Wall mounted
Watering the Garden While Raining
Street Lighting
Timer Relay & Opto-Detector Model
Examples
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 28
IGBT
Converter
PQC CONTROLLER
(DSP)
REACTOR
FEED BACK FROM CT
CONTROL LOGIC
VIA OPTO-
TRANSRECEIVERS
Vs Vi
VL
LOAD TO BE
COMPENSATED
2. DYNAMIC MODE / OPEN LOOP FASHION
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 29
IGBT
Converter
PQC CONTROLLER
(DSP)
REACTOR
FEED BACK FROM CT
PO
WE
R S
UP
PLY
CONTROL LOGIC
VIA
OPTO-TRANSRECE
IVERS
Vs Vi
VL
LOADS TO
BE COMPENSATED + ANY
ADDITIONAL LOADS OF THE
FEEDER IN FUTURE*
* Depending on the Capacity of the PQC
2. DYNAMIC MODE / CLOSED LOOP FASHION
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 30
Resource Sharing of PQC STATCON b/w RPC & UBC
Is --Inductive Is Capacitive
Is Unbalance
-X, kVAr +X, kVAr
70% Unbalance
Compensation(UBC)
30% Reactive Power
Compensation(RPC)
0% RPC, 100% UBC
0% UBC, 100%RPC
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 31
PQC STATCON
Absolute ultra high speed operation (20mS*)
High Speed Floating point DSP
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 32
PQC STATCON
Environmental
friendly product which
improves the
efficiency of the
power system
Energy saving idle
mode, when there is
no load
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 33
PQC STATCON
Highly reliable & Most advanced IGBT Technology(Insulated
Gate Bipolar Transistor)
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 34
PQC STATCON
Perfect for high end
applications. Opto-
transreceivers using
optical cables for
controller
communications with
Converter
Fast Dynamic Response
and Good Steady State
Stability
Good Transient Stability
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 35
PQC STATCON
User Friendly touch
screen GUI (Graphical
User Interface) which
enables easy operation
Advanced Diagnostic
Capabilities
Fault logger up to 250
fault logs with date &
time
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 36
PQC STATCON
Direct compensation up to 3.3kV
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 37
PQC STATCON
Very Economic Operating Costs. QUICK RECOVERY of the
investment
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 38
PQC STATCON
Galvanic Insulation between high-low voltage controllers &
driver relays
Scrutinized use of capacitors with STATCON, it can reduce
harmonics in the system as well*
Energy Save Mode
Programmable option
IGBT converter is switched off in 30 secs, during idle
condition
Cooling system is turned off, after 2 minutes
STATCON enters deep sleep mode
Delivers rated kVAR within 8 cycles(From Sleep mode)
of load demand
Advantages & Advanced Features
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 39
Unique Advantages of PQC-STATCON
Can supply both positive & negative VAr
Both Inductive & Capacitive Operation
Q
-Q
CAPACITIVE kVAr
INDUCTIVE kVAr
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 40
Unique Advantages of PQC-STATCON (Master-Master Configuration)
In modular system of PQCs, the system reliability will be increased by N times, unlike other ONE MASTER-SLAVE systems where, in the event of master failure the total system gets to
SHUT DOWN. In PQC all individual PQCs are capable of being a master and will take over as
and when required.
PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON
MASTER SLAVE SLAVE SLAVE SLAVE MASTER MASTER MASTER MASTER
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 41
Operation with parallel existing/new capacitors
` LOADS
PQC-
STATCON
FEED BACK FROM CT
Cap.
Banks
-100%
100%
PQC-STATCON
+ 0%
100%
FIXED CAPACITOR
Parallel capacitor bank to extend the range
= 0%
200%
Total DRPC Plant
-100%
100%
Economy Perspective - More kVAr/$
LV Bus
-
Typical STATCON based DRPC System (With HV Capacitors)
Typical HV/MV Applications
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 43
Value proposition: ABB and power quality
ABB as product provider and integrator of electrical
equipment/installations works closely with EPCs and has first-hand experience of power quality in the field
ABB has dedicated R&D units that analyze, address and
solve a variety of power quality problems in LV, MV and HV
installations
ABB experts participate in standardizing committees for
power quality regulations and products
ABB has a very stringent internal quality policy to develop,
monitor & improve any product for best customer
satisfaction
Peace of mind
Leading manufacturer of power quality solutions
Rely on our experience and knowledge in this field
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 44
Applications of PQC STATCON
Railway/ Traction Sub Stations
Automotive / Welding Plant
Steel Plants / Rolling Mills
Airports / Shipyards / Ships
Off-shore Drilling
Process Industries
Sky lifts / Compressor loads
Pulp & Paper Industries
Chemical Plants
Rubber Industries
Hydro Plants
Cement Factories
Water treatment Plants
Wind Mills
ARC
FURNACES
STEEL
ROLLING MILLS
TRACTION SUB-STATIONS
WELDING LOADS
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 45
Few Clients of PQC STATCON In a Nutshell
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 46
Field Experience
Source PF of 1.25 MVA transformer (STATCON off)
Source PF of 1.25 MVA transformer (STATCON on)
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 47
Field Experience
Source PF of 2.5 MVA transformer (STATCON off)
Source PF of 2.5 MVA transformer (STATCON on)
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 48
We are happy to inform you that
with ABB make STATCON, we are
able to maintain an average
monthly power factor above 0.995
lag to unity(1.0). This has
indubitably improved performance
of our plant loads by improving the
total power quality.
Happy customers of PQC STATCON (Welding Loads)
-
Conclusions : STATCON TYPE TEST CPRI Central Power Research Institute
-
Conclusions : RDSO Approval for INDIAN RAILWAYS
Research Designs & Standards Organization
-
ABB Group
April 18, 2012 | Slide 51
Compensator Ratings PQC STATCON
S. No Type No. Application Voltage kVAr Amp (Ir)
1 PQCS-50-V240 1-Ph 240 50 210
2 PQCS-100-V240 1-Ph 240 100 420
3 PQCS-100-V415 1-Ph 415 100 240
4 PQCS-150-V415 1-Ph 415 150 360
5 PQCS-250-V415 1-Ph 415 250 600
S. No Type No. Application Voltage kVAr Amp (Ir)
1 PQCT-100-V415 3-Ph 415 100 140
2 PQCT-150-V415 3-Ph 415 150 210
3 PQCT-250-V415 3-Ph 415 250 350
4 PQCT-300-V415 3-Ph 415 300 420
5 PQCT-70-V415 3-Ph 415 70 100
PQCS
PQCT
For MV/HV applications;
PQC STATCON supports operation through Step-down Transformer