World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS.

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World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS

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Transcript of World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS.

Page 1: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS.

World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface

OCEANS

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Salt content and water temperature affect water density

WATER DENSITY

Page 3: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS.

More dense (heavier) – colder and saltier

Less dense (lighter) – warmer and less salty

WATER DENSITY

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Currents driven by heating and cooling, gravity, and water density

CURRENTS

Great Ocean Conveyor

Page 5: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS.

Upwelling – vertical flow of cold, nutrient-rich water toward the surface

UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING

Horizontal currents diverge

Page 6: World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface OCEANS.

Downwelling – surface waters sink

UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING

Surface currents converge

Warm water pushed down

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3 zones photic, aphotic, and benthic

3 zones of the photic zoneIntertidal NeriticOpen ocean

OCEAN STRUCTURE

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Intertidal zone High tide line to the lowest low tide line

Intertidal organisms have to be able to withstand being submerged in water, beat by waves, being exposed to the air and sun

3 PHOTIC ZONES

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INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS

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Intertidal zone (cont’d)Nutrient richLarge number of organisms some burrow into the sand until high tide returns

3 PHOTIC ZONES

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Neritic ecosystemExtends from low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf

SunlitMost productive ecosystems

Kelp forests Coral reefs

3 PHOTIC ZONES

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NERITIC ECOSYTEMS

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Kelp forestSupplies shelter and food for invertebrates

Invertebrates provide food for predators

Absorbs wave energy and protects shores from erosion

NERITIC ZONE

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Coral ReefsShallow tropical & subtropicalTiny invertebrates Get nourishment from symbiotic algae

Corals die and leave behind their calcium carbonate skeleton

Protect shorelines

NERITIC ZONES

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Begins at the edge of the continental shelf

Least productive ecosystem!

OPEN OCEAN

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Limited photosynthesis occursPhytoplankton are typically the base of food chains in the open ocean

Eaten by zooplanktonEaten by fish, jellyfish, whales, etcThese can be become food for predators

OPEN OCEAN

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Animals have many adaptations that allow them to live in the dark and cold parts of the ocean

OPEN OCEAN

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Rely on hydrothermal ventsBacteria use the energy from the heated water that flows from the vents

Many species feed on the bacteria and the food chain can continue

BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS

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HYDRO-THERMALVENTS

ventstubeworms


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