Oceans. Earth’s Oceans 71% Earth’s Surface is water Mostly Ocean Divided by continents into 5...
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Transcript of Oceans. Earth’s Oceans 71% Earth’s Surface is water Mostly Ocean Divided by continents into 5...
Oceans
Earth’s Oceans• 71% Earth’s Surface is
water• Mostly Ocean• Divided by continents
into 5 Oceans• Pacific (Largest),
Atlantic (2nd), Indian, Arctic, and Southern Ocean.
Oceans cont…
• 97% is ocean water.• Only 3% is freshwater.– 2% is locked up in glaciers
and ice caps.– 1% is usable by humans
• Groundwater • Rivers • lakes
History of Earth’s Oceans
• Like Pangea, oceans were one giant body of water too.
• Panthalassa• Oceans formed when
Pangaea broke apart• Review: What was the
mechanism for Continental Drift?
Elements, substances, compound
• Element – pure substance. Simplest form it can be
• Pure Substance – only one type of particle. Gold, Silver, Copper
• Compound – two or more elements jointed together.
• Water = H and O• Vinegar = H, C, O• Carbon Dioxide = C, O
Ocean Water
• It is salty• NaCl aka Sodium
Chloride• NaCl – has two or more
elements (Compound)• How did it get there?• Other minerals in water
too.
Chock full of solids
• Ocean water evaporates• Leaves behind a
dissolved solid• NaCl = most abundant• Salinity – measure of
amount of dissolved solids in a liquid
Salinity Affects Climate
• Some parts of oceans are saltier than others
• High salinity = Coastal areas with dry and hot climate
• Lower Salinity = Coastal areas with cooler, more humid climate
• WHY?
Mixtures
• A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
• Can separate mixtures by either Physical or Chemical Means
Methods of Separating
• Distillation• Magnet• Centrifuge
Solutions
• Solution – homogeneous (Same) of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
• Solute – substance that dissolves
• Solvent – what is dissolves in
• You can pour things into a vent!!!! HINT!!!!
Suspension• Like a snow globe• A mixture in which
particles are dispersed throughout a gas or liquid… but are large enough that they settle out.
• Too large to stay mixed
Water Movement
• Affects salinity• Water moves different
in some areas than others
• Bays, Gulfs, Seas don’t have currents
• Water is slow moving• These areas have high
salinity
Temperature Zones
• Temperature of water decreases the deeper you go
• This change is not gradual
• Divided into three layers
Temperature Zones
Surface Temperature Changes
Oceans – A Global Thermostat• Why doesn’t the ocean
freeze, when the lakes near them do?
• Oceans absorb and release thermal energy slower than on land
• If it was like that on land, we would have violent weather
Ocean Temperatures• Regulates temperatures at
different locations• Equator = direct rays• Poles = indirect rays• Waters at equator are
warmer than at higher latitudes
• Currents in ocean move water and energy it contains
• Warm water currents cause coastal lands to have warmer climates than they would if no current existed.
• British Isles (Gulf Stream)