Whale entanglement has become an issue not only to the animals but to the environment and fishing...
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Whale entanglement has become an issue not only to the animals but to the environment and fishing industry. Issues concerning the health and welfare of the animal Difficulties associated with human intervention Methods and routes used to achieve euthanasia Whale Entanglement and Euthanasia- DMNS Jan Lyons, C.V.T., A.A.S., CPhT
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Transcript of Whale entanglement has become an issue not only to the animals but to the environment and fishing...
Whale entanglement has become an issue not only to the animals but to the environment and fishing industry.
Issues concerning the health and welfare of the animal
Difficulties associated with human intervention
Methods and routes used to achieve euthanasia
Whale Entanglement and Euthanasia- DMNS
Jan Lyons, C.V.T., A.A.S., CPhT
Right Whale
Floating gill nets
Bottom gill nets
Traps, Buoys and Line Array
Diagram of netting around the mouth
Entanglement around dorsal fin, pectorals and fluke
Netting around the fluke
Fluke with netting and buoys
Dorsal fin involvement and injury
Line embedded in tissue
Fishing net around the mouth
Injury sustained from fishing gear “Ruffian” spotted in 2008 after entanglement
Aerial view of entanglement
Line being dragged by fluke
Emaciated Whale
Rescue team attempting to untangle
Specialized knife and telescoping pole utilized to
attempt to free the whale of gear
Euthanasia Procedure
AVMA definition of euthanasia- the use of humane techniques to induce the most rapid and painless and distress free death possible.
Criteria for euthanasia:- The cetacean is stranded- Unable to swim- Judged to have a very low likelihood of
medium to long term survival.- Demeanor- Weak respirations- Failure to refloat after 2 high tides
Excitement phase from some injectable drugs
Time for death to occur
Inexperienced personnel
Cost
Disposal of body
Public view and relations
Procedure being done improperly
Complications:
IC- intracardiac IV- intravenous IM- intramuscular IP- within the abdomen IN- intranasal Sublingual- under the tongue Intrahepatic- within the liver
Routes of Administration for injectables
Implosion Ballistics Explosive grenade Powergel Magnum Explosive Dart gun Exsanguination Spinal lance Pithing
Physical Methods
Delivery method for injectables
Specialized needle for delivering euthanasia solutions.
Length = 1 meter ( 39 inches) Outer diameter = 21 mm (13/16 inch) Inner diameter = 12 mm ( less than ½ inch) Tubing hooked up to a pressure sprayer Needle is custom made for the procedure
and is costly
$1000.00 for customized needle
$500.00 for combination of three sedatives◦ Generally a “cocktail”
$500.00 for KCL- Potassium Chloride
Cost can increase or decrease with the size of the animal or the number that have been stranded.
Costs for injectable method:
Sedatives: delivered prior to euthanasia
• Valium®/diazepam
• Versed®/ midazolam
• Atravet/ ® acepromazine
• Rompum®/ xylazine
• Telazol®/ tiletamine
• Ketalar ® /Ketamine®
Recommended injectable medications
Sodium Pentobarbital
◦ Major issues involved with the use of this drug
◦ Difficult to dispose of the carcass after medication has been delivered.
◦ Concentration of the medication
◦ Controlled substance- CII
Euthanasia Agents used:
KCL- Potassium Chloride
◦ Action of this drug
◦ Dosage
◦ Environmental impact
◦ Route of administration
◦ It is strongly recommended the animal be sedated prior to administration of the drug.
Currently accepted agent:
Powergel Magnum Explosive
Euthanasia of beached humpback whales using explosives◦ Douglas K. Coughran, Ian Stiles and Peter R. Mawson
Recommendations for Euthanasia of Stranded Cetaceans◦ NOAA, Virginia Aquarium
Large Whale Euthanasia: Options, Approaches and Welfare Considerations Dr. Cheryl Rosa, DVM, PhD
IWC- International Whaling Committee◦ Collaborative Development of Recommendations for◦ Euthanasia for Stranded Cetaceans
Resources:
