A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH FOOTNOTES

Note: This is intended as an example of how a bibliography should look like. In

addition there are comments about aspects of the bibliography, just to make clear

why it looks like it does. PLEASE DON'T insert footnotes into your bibliography....

Books

Andreski Comte

Andreski S (ed) The essential Comte: selected from Course de philosophie positive

Translated from the French by M Clarke (Croom Helm London 1974)

Aquinas Summa Theologica

Aquinas T Summa Theologica (Vollständige, ungekürtzte deutsch-lateinische

Ausgabe) (Herausgegeben von der Philosophisch-Teologischen Hochschule

Walbergen bei Köln Graz-Wien-Koln 1977)1

Ariatotle Ethica Nicomachea

Aristotle Ethica Nicomachea Translated by Rackham H (Harvard University Press

Cambridge Mass 1946)

Aristotle Metaphysics

Aristotle Metaphysics Translated by Tredennick H (Harvard University Press

Cambridge Mass 1935)

Aristotle Rhetoric

Aristotle The art of rhetoric Translated with an introduction and notes by H.C.

Lawson-Tancred (Penguin London 1991)

Aristotle The Organon

Aristotle The Organon Translated by Cooke HP (Harvard University Press

Cambridge Mass 1938)

1 If a book is in a different language from English, you need to indicate if you read the book in the original language or as a translation. Please don't try to appear clever and cite a book in Latin – it is highly unlikely that you read it in that language. Use a good translation. In this case I did use the German version.

Auston Jurisprudence

Austin J The province of jurisprudence (Cambridge University Press Cambridge

1995)

Bentham Jurisprudence

Bentham J The limits of jurisprudence defined (Athlone Press London 1970)

Blackstone Commentaries

Blackstone W Commentaries on the laws of England (London Cavendish 2001)2

Bonner Critical theory

Bronner SE Critical theory: A very short introduction (Oxford University Press Oxford

2011)

Buchanan Dictionary

Buchanan I A dictionary of critical theory (Oxford University Press Oxford 2010)

Burchell & Milton Criminal law

Burchell JM and Milton J Principles of criminal law 3rd ed (Juta & Co Ltd Lansdowne

2005)

Cicero De re publica

Cicero MT De re publica (Heinemann London 1961)3

De Groot War and peace

De Groot H The law of war and peace (Edited by Neff SC) (Cambridge University

Press Cambridge 2012)

Devenish Interpretation

Devenish G Interpretation of statutes (Juta Cape Town 1992)

Dworkin Empire

Dworkin R Law's Empire (Belknap Press Cambridge Mass 1986)

2 There are books that are so well-known that they are mostly known by the short version – Blackstone's Commentaries is one. In such a case, use the traditional form.

3 Yes, I used the Latin one.

Elias Government

Elias TO Government and politics in Africa (Asia Publishing House London 1963)

Facione Critical thinking

Facione PA Critical thinking: a statement of expert consensus for purposes of

educational assessment and instruction: Executive summary (The California

Academic Press Millbrae 1990)

Fraser Cricket and the law

Fraser D The man in white is always right: Cricket and the law Sydney: Institute of

Criminology Monograph Series No 4 (1993)4

Hart Concept of law

Hart HLA The concept of law (Clarendon Press Oxford 1994)

Hayek Law, liberty and legislation

Hayek FA Law, liberty and legislation: A new statement of the liberal principles of

justice and political economy Kindle ed (Routledge Classics London 2013)5

Holleman African law

Holleman JF Issues in African law (Mouton and Co The Hague 1974)

Hutchinson It's all in the game

Hutchinson A It's all in the game: a nonfoundationalist account of law and

adjudication (Duke University Press Durham NC 2000)

Johnson, Pete & Du Plessis

Johnson D, Pete S and Du Plessis M Jurisprudence: a South African perspective

(Butterworths Durban 2001)

4 In the case of a book published as part of a series, it is usual to cite it like that. The publisher and place of publication is in the name of the series, and need not be repeated.

5 E-books are becoming more popular and kindle is probably the best-known. You cite it like this. Also, kindle books often do not have page numbers, but instead use "locations" – you can use the location instead of the page number.

Kelly Short history

Kelly JM A short history of Western legal theory (Clarendon Press Oxford 1992)

Liebenberg Socio-economic rights

Liebenberg S Socio-economic rights: adjudication under a transformative

constitution (Juta Claremont 2010)

Magee Philosophy

Magee B The story of philosophy (Dorling Kindersley London 2001)

Mqeke Customary law

Mqeke RB Customary law and the new millennium (Lovedale Press Alice 2003)

Njoku Development

Njoku FOC Development and African philosophy: a theoretical reconstruction of

African socio-political economy (IUniverse Lincoln 2004)

Ocieng'-Odhiambo Trends

Ochieng'-Odhiambo F Trends and issues in African philosophy (Peter Lang New

York 2010)

Oruka Sage philosophy

Oruka HO (ed) Sage philosophy: indigenous thinkers and modern debate on African

philosphy (EJ Brill New York 1990)

Oruka Philosophy

Oruka HO Philosophy, humanity and ecology (ACTS Press Nairobi 1991)6

Rautenbach & Bekker Legal pluralism

Rautenbach C and Bekker JC Introduction to legal pluralism in South Africa 4th ed

(LexisNexis Durban 2014)

6 In this case, I don't know what ACTS stands for and there's no explanation in the book. So just use it like this.

Raz Authority of law

Raz J The authority of law: essays on law and morality (Oxford University Press

Oxford 1979)

Russell Western philosophy

Russell B History of Western philosophy and its connection with political and social

circumstances from the earliest times to the present day (George Allen & Unwin

London 1961)

Suarez De legibus

Suarez F De legibus (Antwerp Publisher unknown 1613)7

Theses and dissertations

Kroeze Aborsie

Kroeze IJ Die aard van die regverdigingsgronde by aborsie (The nature of grounds

of justification for abortion) (LLM dissertation Potchefstroom University for Christian

Higher Education 1989)8

Nkhata Governance and constitutionalism

Nkhata MJ Rethinking governance and constitutionalism in Africa: The relevance

and viability of social trust-based governance and constitutionalism in Malawi (LLD

thesis University of Pretoria 2010)

Contributions in books

Appiah Ethnophilosophy

Appiah K "Ethnophilosophy and its critics" in Coetzee PH and Roux APJ Philosophy

from Africa: A text with readings (Thomson Publishing Johannesburg 1998) 109 –

129

7 If the publisher or date/place of publication is unknown (as is often the case with older books) just say so....

8 If a source is in Afrikaans and your document is in English, it is always helpful to provide an English translation of the name. Not a hard-and-fast rule, but a good idea.

Bentham Anarchical fallacies

Bentham J "Anarchical fallacies" in Waldron J (ed) Nonsense upon stilts: Bentham,

Burke and Marx on the rights of man (Methuen London 1987) 46 – 69

Biko Black consciousness

Biko S "The definition of Black Consciousness" in Coetzee PH and Roux APJ

Philosophy from Africa: A text with readings (Thomson Publishing Johannesburg

1998) 360 – 363.

Bohler-Muller Ubuntu jurisprudence

Bohler-Muller N "Some thoughts on the ubuntu jurisprudence of the Constitutional

Court" in Cornell D and Muvongua N (eds) uBuntu and the law: African ideals and

postapartheid jurisprudence (Fordham University Press New York 2012) 377 – 387

Ebo Indigenous law

Ebo C "Indigenous Law and Justice: Some Major Concepts and Practices" in

Woodman G (ed) African law and legal theory (NYU Press New York 1987) 33-42

Gyeke Person and community

Gyeke K "Person and community in African thought" in Coetzee PH and Roux APJ

Philosophy from Africa: A text with readings (Thomson Publishing Johannesburg

1998) 317 – 336

Kaphagawani African philosophy

Kaphagawani DN "What is African philosophy?" in Coetzee PH and Roux APJ The

African philosophy reader (London 1988) 86 – 98

Kroeze Legal positivism

Kroeze IJ "Legal positivism" in Roederer C and Moellendorf D (eds) Jurisprudence

(Juta Lansdowne 2004) 62 – 83

Kuwali Afrocentrism

Kuwali D "Decoding Afrocentrism: Decolonizing legal theory" in Onazi O (ed) African

legal theory and contemporary problems: critical essays (Springer Dordrecht 2014)

71 – 92

Langa Constitution

Langa P "The role of the constitution in the struggle against poverty" in Liebenberg S

and Quinot G (eds) Law and poverty: perspectives from South Africa and beyond

(Juta Claremont 2011) 4 – 9

Le Roux Natural law

Le Roux WB "Natural law theories" in Roederer C and Moellendorf D (eds)

Jurisprudence (Juta Lansdowne 2004) 25 – 619

M'Baye African conception

M'Baye K "The African conception of law" in David R (ed) The legal systems of the

world: Their comparison and unification Vol II (JOB Mohr Tübingen 1975) 211 – 215

Menkiti Person and community

Menkiti IA "Person and community in African traditional thought" in Wright RA (ed)

African philosophy: An introduction (University Press of America Lanham 1984) 171

– 182

Moosa South African constitution

Moosa E "Tension in legal and religious values in the 1996 South African

Constitution" in Mamdani M (ed) Beyond rights talk and culture talk: Comparative

essays on the politics of rights and culture (St Martin's Press New York 2000) 121 –

135

Munyaka & Mothlabi Ubuntu

Munyaka M and Mothlabi M "Ubuntu and its socio-moral significance" in Murove MF

(ed) African ethics: An anthology of comparative and applied ethics (KwaZulu-Natal

Press South Africa 2009) 63

9 Afrikaans surnames are tricky. If you refer to the surname alone it is spelled Le Roux. But if you use the initials with the surname, it changes to WB le Roux. Same is true of Van Niekerk G and G van Niekerk or Van der Merwe C and C van der Merwe. As if you're not certain.

Nduka Traditional concept of justice

Nduka O "Traditional concept of justice among the Ibo of South-Eastern Nigeria" in

Woodman G (ed) African law and legal theory (NYU Press New York 1987) 19-32.

Oruka Sage philosophy

Oruka HO "Sage philosophy" in Coetzee PH and Roux APJ Philosophy from Africa:

A text with readings (Thomson Publishing Johannesburg 1998) 99 – 108

Pieterse African jurisprudence

Pieterse M "'Traditional' African jurisprudence" in Roederer C and Moellendorf D

Jurisprudence (Juta Lansdowne 2004) 438 – 462

Senghor Negritude

Senghor LS "Negritude and African socialism" in Coetzee PH and Roux APJ

Philosophy from Africa: A text with readings (Thomson Publishing Johannesburg

1998) 438 – 448

Silungwe African legal theory

Silungwe CM "On 'African' legal theory: a possibility, an impossibility or mere

conundrum" in Onazi O (ed) African legal theory and contemporary problems: critical

essays (Springer Dordrecht 2014) 17 – 30

Journal articles

Agnakoba & Nwauche 2006 Cambrian law review

Agbakoba JCA and Nwauche ES "African conceptions of justice, responsibility and

punishment" 2006 Cambrian law review 73 – 8310

Bewaji 2002 Journal on African philosophy

Bewaji JAI "Language, culture, science, technology, and philosophy" 2002 Journal

on African philosophy 1 – 29

10 Note throughout that the name of the journal is in normal capitalisation. So Journal of African philosophy and not Journal on African Philosophy.

Bodunrin 1981 Philosophy

Bodunrin PO "The question of African philosophy" 1981 Philosophy 161 – 179

Cornell & Van Marle 2005 African human rights law journal

Cornell D and Van Marle K "Exploring ubuntu: Tentative reflections" 2005 African

human rights law journal 195 – 220

Dent & Kroeze 2015 Stellenbosch law review

Dent K and Kroeze IJ "Minority rights in the South African context: an exploration of

the counter-majoritarian dilemma" 2015 Stellenbosch law review 518 – 531

Dlamini 1997 Journal for juridical science

Dlamini CM "African legal philosophy: A Southern African view" 1997 Journal for

juridical science 69 – 83

Dlamini 1992 SALJ

Dlamini CRM "The law teacher, the law student and legal education in South Africa"

1992 SALJ 59511

English 1996 SAJHR

English R "Ubuntu: The quest for an indigenous jurisprudence" 1996 SAJHR 641 –

648

Idowu 2006 Cambrian law review

Idowu W "African jurisprudence and the reconciliation theory of law" 2006 Cambrian

law review 1 – 16

Idowu 2006 The journal of philosophy, science and law

Idowu W "Against the skeptical argument and the absence thesis: African

jurisprudence and the challenge of positivist historiography" 2006 The journal of

philosophy, science and law 1 – 9

Idowu 2012 Journal for juridical science11 Some journals in South Africa are so well known that you can use the abbreviation without

having to include a list of abbreviations, such as SALJ, SAJHR, CILSA and so forth. Everyone knows what they mean.

Idowu W "'To each a crumb of right, to neither the whole loaf': The metaphor of the

bread and the jurinomics of justice in African thought" 2012 Journal for juridical

science 56 – 83

Keevy 2009 Journal for juridical science

Keevy I "Ubuntu versus the core values of the South African Constitution" 2009

Journal for Juridical Science 19 – 58

Kroeze 2002 Stellenbosch law review

Kroeze IJ "Doing things with values II: the case of ubuntu" 2002 Stellenbosch law

review 252 – 26412

Matolino & Kwindingwe SA journal of philosophy

Matolino B and Kwindingwe W "The end of ubuntu" 2013 SA Journal of Philosophy

197 – 205

Mokgoror 1998 Potchefstroom electronic law journal

Mokgoro JY "Ubuntu and the law in South Africa" 1998 Potchefstroom electronic law

journal 1 – 7

Nafhukho 2006 Advances in developing human resources

Nafukho F "Ubuntu worldview: A traditional view of adult learning in the workplace"

2006 Advances in developing human resources 408 – 415

Nwakeze 1987 International philosophical quarterly

Nwakeze PC "A critique of Olufemi Taiwo's criticism of legal positivism and African

legal tradition" 1987 International philosophical quarterly (xxvii:1) 101 – 105

12 Because most SA law journals are numbered consecutively for each year, the number and volume is really not required. It's just necessary where the page numbers start from 1 for every edition.

Okafor 2006 Cambrian law review

Okafor F "From praxis to theory: a discourse on the philosophy of African law" 2006

Cambrian Law Review 37 – 48

Okafor 1984 International philosophical quarterly

Okafor FU "Legal positivism and the African legal tradition" 1984 International

philosophical quarterly (xxiv:2) 157 – 164

Okolo 1984 International philosophical quarterly

Okolo CB "Negritude: A philosophy of social action" 1984 International Philosophical

Quarterly 427 – 438

Oladosu 2001 West African review

Oladosu AO "Choosing a legal theory on moral grounds: An African case for legal

positivism" 2001 West African review 1 – 8

Radebe & Phooko 2017 SA journal of philosophy

Radebe SB and Phooko MR "Ubuntu and the law in South Africa: Exploring and

understanding the substantive content of ubuntu" 2017 SA journal of philosophy 1 –

13

Rakate 1997 CILSA

Rakate PK "The status of traditional courts under the final constitution" 1997 CILSA

175 – 189

Taiwo 1985 International philosophical quarterly

Taiwo O "Legal positivism and the African legal tradition: A reply" 1985 International

philosophical quarterly (xxv:2) 197 – 200

Tshoose 2009 African journal of legal studies

Tshoose C "The emerging role of the constitutional value of ubuntu for informal

social security in South Africa" 2009 African journal of legal studies 12 – 20

Case law13

Bongopi v Chairman of the Council of State, Ciskei 1992 3 SA 250 (CkG)14

Christian Education South Africa v Minister of Education 2000 4 SA 757 (CC)

Commissioner, SARS v Executor, Frith's Estate 2001 2 SA 261 (SCA)

De Klerk and another v Du Plessis and others 1995 2 SA 40 (T)

East London Municipality v Abrahamse 1997 4 SA 613 (SCA)

Faria v Road Accident Fund 2009 4 All SA 169 (GSHC)

Finbro Furnishers Pty (Ltd) v Registrar of Deeds, Bloemfontein 1985 4 SA 773 (A)

Fourie v Minister of Home Affairs 2005 3 SA 429 (SCA)

Matinkinca v Council of State, Republic of Transkei 1994 4 SA 472 (Ck)

Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers 2005 1 SA 217 (CC)

Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers 2005 1 SA 217 (CC)

Preston v Biden's Trustee (1883) 1 Buch 32215

R v B 1955 3 SA 494 (D)

R v B 1955 3 SA 494 (D).

R v Marais 1889 6 SC 367

R v Marais 1889 6 SC 367

R v Sachs 1952 4 SA 392 (A)

S v Adams 1979 4 SA 793 (T)

13 Remember that there are no short versions for case law. So don't include them.14 Remember that case law from the old homelands were regarded as part of South African law

and can therefore be used for that purpose.15 This is the correct reference for older case law. Be guided by what the law report actually

says. Same is true of foreign case law.

S v Adams; S v Werner 1981 1 SA 187 (A)

S v Lawrence; S v Negal; S v Solberg 1997 4 SA 1176 (CC)

S v Makwanyane and another 1995 3 SA 391 (CC)

S v Mhlungu and others 1995 3 SA 867 (CC)

S v Zuma and others 1995 2 SA 642 (CC)

Standard Bank Corp v Competition Commission 2000 2 SA 797 (SCA)

The Citizen 1978 (Pty) Ltd and others v McBride and others 2011 4 SA 191 (CC)

Legislation

Black Administration Act 38 of 1927

Child Justice Act 75 of 2008

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 199316

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

The Natives' Land Act 27 of 1913

Internet sources17

Haley G "Man who identifies as woman dominates female weightlifting competition"

http://christiannews.net/2017/03/27/man-who-identifies-as-woman-dominates-

female-weightlifting-competition/ (Date of use: 20 May 2017)

http://www.che.ac.za/focus_areas/accreditation/overview (Date of use: 14 March

2017)18

http://www.che.ac.za/media_and_publications/accreditation-and-national-reviews/

level-descriptors-south-african-national (Date of use: 14 March 2017)

16 This is the correct way of referring to the interim constitution, because it was an ordinary act of parliament. Not how it differs from the final constitution.

17 I'm not giving the short version for internet sources, because it is really not shorter.18 When you use the official website of the Council for Higher Education (CHE) there won't be

an author for the article. Note how this is different from the previous one.

http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-everyday-life-9-strategies/512

(Date of use: 23 March 2017)

https://www.google.co.za/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiVkfCG

wNXSAhXoDcAKHYD-AQUQFggYMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.che.ac.za

%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications

%2F20120912_graduateness_employability.pps&usg=AFQjCNGTZRoF__3MkfndCI

0gcTOw1pC62g&sig2=wnpKa3DEWanavnQEH-2vXw&bvm=bv.149397726,d.ZGg

(Date of use: 14 March 2017)

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-thinking.html (Date of use: 23 March

2017)

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/21st-century-skills-future-jobs-students/?

utm_content=buffer12c77&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_camp

aign=buffer (Date of use: 18 April 2017)