Unit 1: English Settlement

Objectives:• Identify English

motivations for settlement

• Compare and Contrast European settlements in the New World

Reasons for English expansion:

Scarce Land – wool

Mercantilism – source AND market

Religious Motivations – Protestant Reformation

English Reformation – Henry VIII

Puritan Separatists – James I

Lessons of Irish colonization – rigid separation

English Settlement

French – Quebec, 1608

What was different about their settlement? Why were they able to thrive so much

more than the English

Dutch – New Netherland (New Amsterdam), 1624 Where is New Amsterdam now?

French and Dutch

*It is said that the Dutch bought Manhattan for $24 worth of beads and trinkets!

1588: English navy defeats Spanish

armadaImpact on history?

English naval dominance

English Settlement

What were England’s motivations?

Why were the Spanish better at colonizing early on?

Why do these questions matter?

1587: Roanoke, Outer

Banks of NC

1590: English boats return to the colony with supplies but find the colony abandoned What happened?

Roanoke

 http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2007/09/indian_village_of_pomeiooc.jpgScreen clipping taken: 9/9/2010, 9:20 PM

  

Jamestown

Purpose?

Problems?

March 1607: first permanent English settlement

Established by the Virginia company(JSC) What is a Joint Stock Company?

December 1607: 38 of the original 150 survived

1612: John Rolfe developed a unique tobacco leaf that became the #1 export from the colony

1618: Demand for tobacco increases the demand for workers What does this lead to?

Jamestown

John Smith John Smith

Took control of the settlement

“Work or get out”

Help of the Powhatan

Turned colony around Accident...or was

it?

Starving time?

1607-1614: English battle with Powhatans

1614: John Rolfe marries the Chief’s daughter Pocahontas…creates peace

1622: John Rolfe and 346 other settlers are killed in a Native uprising

1644: Powhatans are defeated

1685: Powhatans become extinct

English vs. Powhatan

How was John Rolfe different from other

settlers?

Why did tobacco allow Jamestown to thrive?

Video Questions

• Identify English motivations for settlement

• Compare and Contrast European settlements in the New World

Objectives

Objectives:

1. Describe the difference in cultures between the Southern and Northern English colonies.

2. Explain the founding of each of the English colonies.

3. How were the various European colonies different from one another( Spanish, English, French)?

Chapter 2:Transplantations and

Borderlands

Chapter 2:Transplantations and

BorderlandsMaryland

Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert). James I granted charter for friend.

Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom for some, Catholics pushed out soon after. Why was MD opened to Protestants?

Protestant majority, reliant on tobacco

Bacon’s Rebellion

William Berkeley – Gov. of VA 1642-1677

Controlled politics and fur trade

Treaty with NAs, couldn’t expand west of Mts.

Bacon led a rebellion against the NAs and then marched on Jamestown

SIGNIFICANCE: Struggle to define NA and white spheres of

influence Growing discontent between wealthy elite and

lower class Turned towards slavery as opposed to indentured

servitude

Puritan Background

Culture Central belief: experience god through

Faith Prayer Service

Extremely anti-Catholic

Strict moral codes (blue laws)

2 categories in first voyage (Puritans & Pilgrims)

Puritans create New England

Wanted to purify Church of England of Catholicism

Puritan Separatists exiled by King James I; they go to Holland

1620, Pilgrims (Puritan Separatists) leave Holland & found Plymouth Bay Colony

In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization

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Mass. Bay Colony

“City upon a hill”

Voting rights given to all puritan males

Church & State are one (theocracy) Taxes support the Church

Laws enforced morality

Intolerant of other faiths or Indians

Successful why?

Excerpt: “A Model of Christian Charity”

By Governor John Winthrop, 1630

“We must be knit together in this work;…we must uphold each other…in all meekness, gentleness, patience and generosity. We must delight each other, make others’ conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together…

So shall we keep the unit of the spirit, in the bond of peace…ten of us will be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.”

Explain the impact of the Puritan philosophy and attitude on later events in American history.

Dissent in the Puritan Community

Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638.

In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. Americans

Began American tradition of Freedom of Consciousness What does this mean?

Roger Williams, fled MBC in 1636.

Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance.

Important Why? Shows what?

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King Philip’s War

Original co-existence w/ Native Americans --> Tension

Expansion of colony leads to conflict with Pequot Nation 1637 Mystic River massacre.

1675 - Metacom (King Philip) resists expansion

Wampanoag tribe destroyed Metacom killed

10% colonialists killed 60-80% New England Indians

gone, enslaved, or killed.

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Carolinas

Founded after Restoration of Charles II in1670, led by Anthony Ashley Cooper.

Economy based on Indian Slave Trade and rice plantations

Port of Charles Town founded

Why did North and South Carolina split?

New Netherlands

1621: Dutch establish colony of New Netherland; New

Amsterdam Diverse and

profitable bc of trade

New Netherlands/York

Duke of York defeats Stuyvesant for Manhattan in 1664 and 1674 highly stratified society huge landowners population soars.

York grants charters to friends Carteret and Berkeley to create New Jersey. Diverse but no strong

government. http://www.colonialvoyage.com/namstmap.jpg

Quakers

1681: William Penn is given land in the Americas as repayment of a debt

Escaped religious persecution

Quakers: Pacifists Treated natives as equals, prohibits slavery Tolerated others faiths and nationalities Excellent with Agriculture & Trade

Caribbean Islands

Most of pop. Was wiped out How??

Spain had claim to them, but only colonized largest islands

Sugar was largest crop Why?

Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica, Barbados

SLAVERY Extremely harsh Most died within 5-10 years Cheaper to buy more than

protect ones you have

Georgia

Founded by James Oglethorpe, 1733

Philanthropist, pauper’s colony

Buffer state with Spanish FL, military setup in cities and land ownership.

Melting pot of ethnicities, criminals, but no Catholics and blacks.

Relationships with Natives

Colonists uneasy relationships with the Natives in the West

Natives had paternal expectations Why?

Began to create workable relationships

As more British moved west, this Middle Ground dissipated NAs began to become abused and taken advantage

of

Conclusion: All Move Towards What?

By 1650’s colonial success led crown to move toward tighter control. Navigation Acts:

1660: Only trade with English ships 1663: All goods had to pass through UK for

taxation 1673: Duties on inter-colonial trade and customs

officials

Dominion of New England and appointment of governor Edmund Andros to rule from Boston How was this different from the previous

government in the colonies?

James II overthrown, William and Mary rise to power Edmund Andros overthrown, Mass. Bay and Plymouth

become single colony

“Leislerians and Anti-Leislerians”

What was the overall effect of the Glorious Revolution?

Why is it so important in American history? How will this change colonial attitudes and

potentially lead to future conflict?

Glorious Revolution

Objectives:

1. Describe the difference in cultures between the Southern and Northern English colonies.

2. Explain the founding of each of the English colonies.

3. How were the various European colonies different from one another( Spanish, English, French)?

Chapter 2:Transplantations and

Borderlands