Selective Breeding

They want desirable traits from these organisms, for example:◦Bright, colorful flowers◦Pesticide resistant vegetable and fruit

crops that can live longer◦Strong, powerful farm animals, race

horses, or perfect-looking show dogs

Why do humans want to alter organisms?

There are three methods of developing organisms with desirable traits:◦Selective breeding◦Cloning◦Genetic Engineering

How can humans accomplish this?

The process of selecting a few organisms with desirable traits to serve as parents of the next generation.

There are two types (inbreeding and hybridization) ◦ Increases the value of plants and animals to people

Dairy cows produce more milk Larger, juicer strawberries Faster, stronger race horses

Selective Breeding

This 1st selective breeding process crosses two individuals that have identical or similar sets of alleles.◦Goal is to produce breeds of animals with specific traits Mating strong purebred German Sheppard police

dogs with the same traits to produce puppies that are very similar genetically.

Inbreeding

This 2nd selective breeding process crosses two individuals that have genetically different sets of alleles.◦Goal is to produce breeds of animals with a combination of specific traits Taking a fast horse and matting it with a tall horse in

hopes that the baby horse will be tall and fast.

Hybridization

Cloning – Science Fiction or Science Fact?

GeneticallyIdenticalcopies

What are clones?

Sexual reproduction produces variation not clones. Why?

Cloning mammals

Making Dolly the sheep

Dolly The Sheep

Hello DollyDolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell.

She was born in 1996 and died in 2003.

She was 6 when she died, about half the usual age for a sheep

Transferring a gene (or more) from the DNA from one organism to the DNA of another organism.

Why? Produces medicines, improve crops, and may cure genetic disorders.

Genetic Engineering