The late 17 th – 18 th centuries Challenged Political Authority $Challenged Religious Authority...

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Page 1: The late 17 th – 18 th centuries Challenged Political Authority $Challenged Religious Authority $Challenged the Social Order.
Page 2: The late 17 th – 18 th centuries Challenged Political Authority $Challenged Religious Authority $Challenged the Social Order.

The late 17th – 18th centuries

Challenged Political Authority

Challenged Religious Authority

Challenged the Social Order

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French Aristocrat Wanted a

Constitutional Monarchy in France

Wrote the book - The Spirit of the Laws in 1748

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Separation of Powers - 3 Branches of Gov’t Executive Legislative Judicial

Checks and Balances each checks the power

of the other Power shouldn’t rest in

one person

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French Middle Class Exiled to Great

Britain “Letters on the

English” Candide

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Civil Liberties Universal

toleration of all people

Religious Tolerance

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“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Expression

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From the lower-class

Emile Education

children must develop naturally and spontaneously

learn by direct experience

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“man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”

The Social Contract people entered into a

social contract among themselves

surrender all their rights to the community

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=

General Will the will of the majority

Government is a necessary evil if it does not carry out

the General Will, the people can overthrow it

Popular Sovereignty Power of the

government rests in the people

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Highly Educated Editor of The

Encyclopedievirtually all

important French philosophes contributed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Denis_Diderot_111.PNG
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Articles attacked The Old Regimereligious

intoleranceunjust taxationgovernmental

absolutism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Denis_Diderot_111.PNG
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Scottish Father of Modern

Economics Believed in Capitalism

The Invisible Hand Competition will regulate

the economy laissez-faire policy

No Government intervention

Hands-off

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English A Vindication on

the Rights of Men A Vindication on

the Rights of Women

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Supported the idea of Natural Rights

Believed Women should be educated

Mary Wollstonecraft

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Scottish ATreatise of

Human Nature Empiricism

Knowledge comes from experience

Skepticism

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Austrian

His work influenced other composers, i.e. Beethoven

His music reflected “a vision of humanity”

He was able to show mood through his works: Operas, Sonatas, Symphonies etc….

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German

Transitioned music from Classical to Romantic

Dedicated Eroica [French for Hero] to Napoleon

Retracted dedication when Napoleon declared himself Emperor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Beethoven.jpg
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Started going deaf in his 20s – used a special rod attached to a soundboard that he bit, the vibrations helped him to perceive the sounds

Completely lost his hearing in 1815, but continued to compose and to conduct successfully

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Suffered from Bipolar disorder and suicidal thoughts

Most likely died of lead poisoning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Zentralfriedhof_Vienna_-_Beethoven.JPG
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Women played an important role

Rich women held gatherings in their drawing rooms, or salons

Writers, musicians, painters, and philosophes exchanged ideas

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Began well before the Enlightenment, dating as far back as the Renaissance

Lasted through the Enlightenment period

Contributed to the questioning of Royal and Religious Authority

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Ptolemy Greco-Roman

citizen of Egypt Geocentric

Theory Ideas were

widely accepted by the Catholic Church

Scientific Revolution – disproved Ptolemy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ptolemaeus.jpg
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Polish

Countered the teachings of the Church

Heliocentric Theory of the Universe

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Ptolemy!

Copernicus!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Geoz_wb_en.jpg
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Italian

Contradicted the teachings of the Church

Invented a more powerful Telescope

Proved the Heliocentric Theory of the Universe

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Danish Astronomer

Combined the Teachings of the Church with Science

Observed the Universe with the Naked Eye

Collected Data used by later Astronomers

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The Tychonic Theory

Brahe’s Observatory

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Lost his Nose in a drunken duel w/ fellow Danish Noble

Had a replacement nose of Gold and Silver attached by paste

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His father died of pneumonia after saving Frederick II of Denmark from drowning

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He kept a “dwarf” named Jepp who he believed was clairvoyant

Jepp sat under the table during dinner

Had a pet Elk that died after drinking too much beer and falling down the stairs

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For 100s of years it was believed he died from an exploded bladder at a dinner party

Recent studies show mercury poisoning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tycho_Brahe_Grave_DSCN2900.jpg
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Johannes Kepler• German• He was Brahe’s apprentice – may have killed Brahe for his data

• Used Brahe’s data to Mathematically prove the Heliocentric Theory

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Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRT3m2Wzyh4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRT3m2Wzyh4&feature=related
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Galen Physician in

Ancient Rome His Medical

knowledge was based on dissections of monkeys and pigs

Scientific Revolution – disproved Galen

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galen_detail.jpg
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Italian

Founder of Modern Human Anatomy

De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem (On the Fabric of the Human Body in Seven Books)

Disproved Galen

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A PageFrom Vesalius’

Book

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English

Discovered how the Heart works and how it pumps blood through the Circulatory System

Disproved Galen

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English

Calculus

3 Laws of Motion

Universal Gravitation

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"A body continues to maintain its state of rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force."

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"F = ma: the net force on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration."

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"To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVdqxYyFRKY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVdqxYyFRKY

Contents · 2019. 10. 2. · c. Common people challenged the authority of kings. d. Kings challenged the freedoms that people were allowed. Complete the sentences. 17. During the

Contents · 2019. 10. 2. · c. Common people challenged the authority of kings. d. Kings challenged the freedoms that people were allowed. Complete the sentences. 17. During the

Challenged children

Challenged children

Global Challenges for the Actuarial Profession€¦ · Financial Services Authority: •The financial crisis has challenged the intellectual assumptions on which previous regulatory

Global Challenges for the Actuarial Profession€¦ · Financial Services Authority: •The financial crisis has challenged the intellectual assumptions on which previous regulatory

The Transformation of the West 1450-1750. The Italian Renaissance 14 th /15 th Century artistic movement which challenged medieval intellectual values.

The Transformation of the West 1450-1750. The Italian Renaissance 14 th /15 th Century artistic movement which challenged medieval intellectual values.

Agribusiness increasingly challenged

Agribusiness increasingly challenged

Argumentation and Debate - Student · e. He was challenged about His own authority to do miracles (Mk 11:27-33) f. He was challenged concerning His ability to forgive sin (Luke 5:18-26)

Argumentation and Debate - Student · e. He was challenged about His own authority to do miracles (Mk 11:27-33) f. He was challenged concerning His ability to forgive sin (Luke 5:18-26)

Diaspora contributes to important religious innovations of 20 th century; ex. former considerations of legitimate religious practices challenged Ex. Sanctified.

Diaspora contributes to important religious innovations of 20 th century; ex. former considerations of legitimate religious practices challenged Ex. Sanctified.

VexTM for the Technically Challenged - Modesto …peterseny.faculty.mjc.edu/resources/technicallychallenged.pdfVexTM for the Technically Challenged ...

VexTM for the Technically Challenged - Modesto …peterseny.faculty.mjc.edu/resources/technicallychallenged.pdfVexTM for the Technically Challenged ...

2. Renaissance and Reformation...(Counter) Reformation 16th-century Catholic reform movement in response to the Protestant Reformation 7. Conflicts that challenged the authority of

2. Renaissance and Reformation...(Counter) Reformation 16th-century Catholic reform movement in response to the Protestant Reformation 7. Conflicts that challenged the authority of

Chronically Challenged

Chronically Challenged

Reformation 1300- 1600. Causes of the Reformation By 1500, forces weakened Church Renaissance challenged Church authority Movement began in Germany.

Reformation 1300- 1600. Causes of the Reformation By 1500, forces weakened Church Renaissance challenged Church authority Movement began in Germany.

Christian Youth and Technological Advances Tadros Malaty/01...Copernicus and Galileo challenged Aristotle's authority, using experimentation in the spirit of modern science. The Biblical

Christian Youth and Technological Advances Tadros Malaty/01...Copernicus and Galileo challenged Aristotle's authority, using experimentation in the spirit of modern science. The Biblical

there’s no place like home - Atlanta Housing Authority · 5/22/2009  · “Th ere’s No Place Like Home.” Th e Atlanta Housing Authority has undergone a sea change in how it

there’s no place like home - Atlanta Housing Authority · 5/22/2009  · “Th ere’s No Place Like Home.” Th e Atlanta Housing Authority has undergone a sea change in how it

The Learning Challenged

The Learning Challenged

Objective: Enlightenment ideas challenged practices related to religious authority, monarchy, and absolutism. ENLIGHTENMENT AND ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.

Objective: Enlightenment ideas challenged practices related to religious authority, monarchy, and absolutism. ENLIGHTENMENT AND ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.

Glaucon's Challenge Challenged

Glaucon's Challenge Challenged

Mentally challenged

Mentally challenged

Martin Luther was a German theologian who challenged papal authority due to widespread dissatisfaction with the Church, especially objecting to the sale.

Martin Luther was a German theologian who challenged papal authority due to widespread dissatisfaction with the Church, especially objecting to the sale.

Challenged Networking

Challenged Networking

The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565) THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Revolution in religious thought & practice Challenged established authority & secured.

The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565) THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Revolution in religious thought & practice Challenged established authority & secured.