Suggested Reading pgs.. 67 - 71 Pages 66-70 Chapter 3, Section 1 - Atoms STM (scanning tunneling...
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Transcript of Suggested Reading pgs.. 67 - 71 Pages 66-70 Chapter 3, Section 1 - Atoms STM (scanning tunneling...
![Page 1: Suggested Reading pgs.. 67 - 71 Pages 66-70 Chapter 3, Section 1 - Atoms STM (scanning tunneling microscope) image of a single zigzag chain of cesium.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b0c7f8b9ab05998becb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Suggested Reading pgs.. 67 - 71 Pages 66-70
Chapter 3, Section 1 - Atoms
STM (scanning tunneling microscope) image of a single zigzag chain of cesium atoms (red) on a gallium-arsenide surface (blue)
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450 B.C. Greek - Democritus “All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles”Atomos means IndivisibleThis idea is not related to a measurable property … it can’t be experimentally tested
Early Models of the Atom
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The transformation of a substance into one or more new substance. With new chemical and physical properties.
Reactants Products
Chemical Reaction
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States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes.
Law of Conservation of Mass
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Law of Conservation of Mass
4 g 32 g
36 g4 H
2 O
4 H
2 O
total mass stays the same atoms can only rearrange
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A chemical contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass, regardless of the size of the sample, or the source of the compound.
Law of Definite Proportions:
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Law of Definite Proportions:
Salt - NaClis always 39.34% Sodium and 60.66% Chlorine
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When elements combine, they do so in small whole number ratios. (non-metals)
Law of Multiple Proportions:
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The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element.
There are about 110 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all matter.
Atom
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Dalton’s Atomic Theory – Early 1800’s
All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms of a given element are
identical, but are different from atoms of other elements.
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
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Dalton’s Atomic Theory – Early 1800’s
Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.
In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
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Dalton’s Atomic Theory – Early 1800’s
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Revisions to Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Atoms are divisible into smaller particles called subatomic particles.
A given element can have atoms with different masses, called isotopes.
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Scanning Tunneling Microscope
STM – provides “close” to a 3-D picture of atoms – that’s the best we can see, even today.
STM picture of Nickel atoms