Relate technological advances to their impact on food production and availability Compare the...
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Transcript of Relate technological advances to their impact on food production and availability Compare the...
Food Science & Technology
Chapter 4
Objectives
Relate technological advances to their impact on food production and availability
Compare the potential positive impacts of genetically modified foods
Explain how science and technology have led to improved nutrition
Assess the usefulness of technology in meal preparation
Key Terms
Analogs Aseptic Packages Clone Enrichment Ergonomics Food Science Formed Products
Fortification Functional Foods Genetic Engineering Manufactured Food MAP Packaging Retort Pouches Science Technology
The Scientific Side of Food
Science – the study of the physical world at all levels
Technology – the practical application of scientific knowledge
Food Science – scientific study of food and its preparation
Expanding the Food Supply
Food production – › It is quicker and more efficient now to
produce food with newer equipment. Tracters, GPS, fertilizers, pesticides,
irrigation, immunizations Food processing –
› New food choices› Packaging› Transportation
New Food Choices
Manufactured food – a product developed as a substitute for another food.› Analogs – foods made to imitate actual
foods› Formed Products – foods made from an
inexpensive source and processed to imitate a more expensive food
› Egg Substitutes – made from egg white and other ingredients
Packaging
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)– mixture of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen is inserted into the package before sealing to slow bacterial growth
Aseptic packages – consist of layers of plastic, paperboard, and aluminum foil
Retort pouches – flexible packages also made of aluminum foil and plastic film
Transportation
Transportation and packaging combine to bring you food from around the world
We can eat fresh food from different parts of the world that we would normally not be able to eat in certain climates
Genetic Engineering
Genes are removed from one organism, such as a plant, animal, or microorganism, and transferred to another one
Genetic Engineering Advantages
Larger food supply Improved nutrition Greater resistance to spoilage Reduced use of pesticides New and better varieties of food
Genetic Engineering Disadvantages
Possible health problems, such as allergic reactions
Potential threat to the environment and food supply
Creation of super weeds that resist herbicides
Inability of developing countries to buy the very expensive seeds
Cloning
Clone – genetic copy of an organism
Could prevent hunger as populations increase
Could destroy the biodiversity of an animal
Better Nutrition in Foods
Enrichment – restores nutrients that were lost in processing to near original levels
Fortification – adds a nutrient that is not normally found in a food
Functional Foods
Functional Foods – provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.› Natural whole foods – grapes, broccoli, salmon,
garlic, oats› Enhanced foods – a cereal with added fiber› New food products – scientists continue to
develop new foods with particular health benefits. Example – margarine that lowers cholesterol.
› Food created by science – scientists create foods with special functions – tomato that lowers risk of cancer
Nutritional Research
Research has found 40 nutrients and hundreds of chemical compounds, all essential to good health
Ergonomics
Ergonomics – study of ways to make space and equipment easier and more comfortable to use
Improving Meal Preparation
Cooking Techniques – recipe is a chemical formula
Appliances – food processers, mixers, stoves, refrigerators . . . . .
Personal Computers – shop, plan, and prepare meals. Get recipes and shop for the best deals