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![Page 1: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dielectric Properties of InsulationDielectric Properties of Insulation
Introduction
Basic Relations
Modelling of Dielectrics
Measurement of Dielectric Parameters
Conclusions
![Page 2: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dielectric Properties of InsulationDielectric Properties of Insulation
Introduction
Basic Relations
Modelling of Dielectrics
Measurement of Dielectric Parameters
Conclusions
![Page 3: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Insulation Materials (Dielectrics) gaseous [air, SF6, N2, …]
liquid [Oil (mineral, silicon, ..), H2O, Glycerin, ..]
solid [Cellulose (Paper), Thermoplastics (PVC, PE, …),
Duroplastics (EP, Siliconrubber, ..),
anorganic materials (Porcelain, Ceramics, ..)] which are the most important electrical properties
for manufacturing, design, construction, operation,
diagnosis ( Recycling ) ?
![Page 4: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
electrical strength [kV/mm]
dielectric parameters
permittivity ε
conductivity κ [S/m]
dissipation (loss) factor tanδ
(other) electrical, thermal, mechanical, chemical
parameters
Dielectric PropertiesDielectric Properties
![Page 5: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dielectric Properties of InsulationDielectric Properties of Insulation
Introduction
Basic Relations
Modelling of Dielectrics
Measurement of Dielectric Parameters
Conclusions
![Page 6: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
PolarizationPolarization
D = ε0·E + P bzw. P = ε0·E·(εr – 1) = ε0·E· χ
Polarization requests time (relaxation time )
and losses (dissipation factor tan δ)
Polarization depends on material (kind of polarization)
frequency f ) of applied
amplitude Emax ) el. field
temperature T
![Page 7: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Relative Permittivity Relative Permittivity εεrr
gaseousgaseous air, SFair, SF66, N, N22, …, … ~ ~ 11
liquidliquid MineraloilMineraloil 2,22,2
SiliconoilSiliconoil 2,72,7
RhizinusoilRhizinusoil 55
WaterWater 8181
solidsolid PVCPVC 44
PEPE 2,42,4
PolyamidPolyamid 77
EpoxyresinEpoxyresin 3,8 .. 5,83,8 .. 5,8
Hard- paperHard- paper 55
paperpaper 2,82,8
PorcelainPorcelain 66
BaTiOBaTiO33 3000 .. 50003000 .. 5000
![Page 8: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Electrical Conductivity Electrical Conductivity
physically: free movable charged particles (electrons, ions)
J = · E = (n+q+b+ + n-q-b- + neqebe)
technically: depends on material (ions, electrons)
pollutions (H2O, ..)
operating parameters
(E, t, T)
![Page 9: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Electrical Conductivity Electrical Conductivity
typical values: gaseous ( 10-16 …. 10-19 )
(T = 20 °C) liquids/ solids ( 10- 8 …. 10-15 )
Water ( 10- 4 …. 10- 7 )
Semiconductors ( 10+2 …. 10- 7 )
Conductors ( 10+6 …. 10+8 )
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© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dissipation Factor tan Dissipation Factor tan δδ characterizing of losses (polarization, conductivity)
Pδ = tan δ · Qc = tan δ · (ωC·U2)
depends on ( t (f), E, T)
typical values: mineral oil (10-3 …. 10-1)
(T = 20 °C) oilimpregnated paper (10- 3 …. 100)
( f = 50 Hz) PVC, PA, paper (10- 2 …. 10-1)
PE, PTFE (10-4 …. 10- 5)
EP, porcelain (10-1 …. 10-2)
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© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
tan tan δδ and and εεrr vs. frequency vs. frequencybiological tissue dispersion area
![Page 12: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
tan tan δδ and and εεrr vs. frequency vs. frequency
![Page 13: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
5-10 s Materialpolarisation
conductor
2
311
2
3
30-80 s Grenzschichten
200-500 s Tree-Strukturen
Relaxationszeiten verschiedener Mechanismen
insulation
![Page 14: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
inner electrode outer electrode
water tree
![Page 15: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
water tree & electrical tree
![Page 16: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Knowledge of dielectric properties is necessary for whole life cycle of electrical equipment
Dielectric properties can be determined by
calculation (modelling, simulation)
measurement ( diagnostic/ testing)
![Page 17: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dielectric Properties of InsulationDielectric Properties of Insulation
Introduction
Basic Relations
Modelling of Dielectrics
Measurement of Dielectric Parameters
Conclusions
![Page 18: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Modelling of DielectricsModelling of Dielectricsa) simple circuit
![Page 19: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Modelling of DielectricsModelling of Dielectrics
![Page 20: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Maxwell- Wagner- ModelMaxwell- Wagner- Model
![Page 21: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Modelling of DielectricsModelling of Dielectricsb) complex circuit
![Page 22: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Polarization Effects (i, u)Polarization Effects (i, u)
![Page 23: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dielectric Properties of InsulationDielectric Properties of Insulation
Introduction
Basic Relations
Modelling of Dielectrics
Measurement of Dielectric Parameters
Conclusions
![Page 24: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Schering- BridgeSchering- Bridge
![Page 25: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
PC- based measuring bridgePC- based measuring bridge
![Page 26: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
RVM- and IRC- principleRVM- and IRC- principle
![Page 27: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
RRecoverecoverVVoltageoltageMMeasurementeasurement
S1
AD PCHV
DC
RU
testobject
![Page 28: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Feuchtigkeitseinfluß in papierisolierten Kabeln Anstieg des Maximums bei tm und Verschiebung zu kürzeren Messzeiten
Cable 1 701 m
Cable 2 932 m
time (min)
Return Voltage (V)
Kabel 1: alt gemessen mit 1 kV und 2 kV
Kabel 2: gut gemessen mit 1 kV und 2 kV
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© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
RVM measurement on 10 kV cabel with paper insulation
Qa: 2,0-1,87 trockenQa: 1,86-1,65 feuchtQa < 1,65 nass
Bewertung des Gradientenim Spannungsanstieg bei 1 und 2 kV :
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© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
RVM Diagnose an 1 kV Papierkabel - Stromversorgung der Löschwasseranlage eines großen Chemie-Unternehmens
• Speisekabel mit hoher Wichtigkeit für Löschwasserpumpen• 700m Zuleitung im Elbdüker NAKRAA 3x185• T-Muffe und 300 m bzw. 560 m NAKBA 3x185 bis zu den Pumpenhäusern
![Page 31: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Meßprinzip der IRC-MessungMeßprinzip der IRC-Messung
1: Formierung 1800s
I
1kV
CDS
2: Entladung 5s
3: Messung 1800s
testobject
PCAD
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© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
new (normal) aged critical
IRC- Diagnosis on Power Cables
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© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Measurement of PolarizationMeasurement of Polarization
![Page 34: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Dielectric Properties of InsulationDielectric Properties of Insulation
Introduction
Basic Relations
Modelling of Dielectrics
Measurement of Dielectric Parameters
Conclusions
![Page 35: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
ConclusionsConclusions
dielectric properties will be characterized by:
relative permittivity εr
electrical conductivity
dissipation factor tan δ
knowledge of dielectric properties is important
for manufacturing, design, operation (diagnosis)
and recycling of electrical insulation
![Page 36: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
ConclusionsConclusions
dielectric properties can be determined by
- calculation / simulation
- measurement/ testing
![Page 37: © Prof.Dr.R.Haller Dielectric Properties of Insulation Introduction Basic Relations Modelling of Dielectrics Measurement of Dielectric Parameters Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062312/5515d760550346cf6f8b4908/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
© Prof.Dr.R.Haller© Prof.Dr.R.Haller
Thank you
Questions ?
& Answers !