© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 1

Motivating Today’s Motivating Today’s Workforce and Handling Workforce and Handling Employee-Management Employee-Management

RelationsRelations

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 2

Understanding Human Understanding Human RelationsRelations

• Needs of management

• Needs of employees

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 3

What Is Motivation?What Is Motivation?

• Corporate culture

• Behavior modification

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 4

Management by Management by ObjectivesObjectives

1 . Setting goals

2 . Planning action

3 . Implementing goals

4 . Reviewing performance

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 5

Frederick W. TaylorFrederick W. Taylor

• Scientific management

–Monetary rewards

–Personal productivity

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 6

Maslow’s HierarchyMaslow’s Hierarchy

• Self-actualization

• Self-esteem needs

• Social needs

• Safety needs

• Physiological needs

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 7

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Herzberg’s Two-Factor TheoryTheory

Hygiene Factors Motivational Factors

• Working conditions

• Pay and security

• Company policies

• Supervisors

• Interpersonal relations

• Achievement

• Recognition

• Responsibility

• Work itself

• Personal growth

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 8

McGregor’s McGregor’s AssumptionsAssumptions

Theory X EmployeesTheory X Employees Theory Y EmployeesTheory Y Employees

• IrresponsibleIrresponsible

• Lack ambitionLack ambition

• Dislike workDislike work

• Avoid responsibilityAvoid responsibility

• Motivated by extrinsic Motivated by extrinsic

rewardsrewards

• Goal seekingGoal seeking

• CreativeCreative

• Like workLike work

• Accept responsibilityAccept responsibility

• Motivated by intrinsic Motivated by intrinsic

rewardsrewards

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 9

Ouchi’s Theory ZOuchi’s Theory Z

• Employee involvement

• Family environment

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 10

Staffing ChallengesStaffing Challenges

• Skilled-labor shortage

• Rightsizing the workforce

• Quality of work and life

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 11

Skilled Labor ShortageSkilled Labor Shortage

• Revised pay systems

• Career-development programs

• Educational programs

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 12

Rightsizing the Rightsizing the WorkforceWorkforce

• Employee loyalty

• Employee burnout

• Job insecurity

• Technological advancements

• Information overload

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 13

The Committed Employee: Then and The Committed Employee: Then and NowNow

NowCharacteristic

Seize the Day

110 Percent

Buys In(usually)

Personal Life& Career

Not Looking(but will listen)

Near-term

Personal Motto

Effort on the Job

Devotion to Employer Goals

Priorities on the Job

Readiness to Change Jobs

Attachment to Employer

Always Faithful

100 Percent

Follow Orders

The Firm & Its Goals

Not Interested

Long-term

Then

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 14

Quality of Work LifeQuality of Work Life

• Job enrichment

–Reduces specialization

–Expands responsibilities

• Job redesign

–Restructures work

–Coordinates skills and jobs

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 15

Demographic Demographic ChallengesChallenges

Workforce DiversityWorkforce Diversity Gender IssuesGender Issues

ImmigrationImmigration

Aging PopulationAging Population

Diversity InitiativesDiversity Initiatives

The Glass CeilingThe Glass Ceiling

SexismSexism

Sexual HarassmentSexual Harassment

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 16

Alternative Work Alternative Work ArrangementsArrangements

• Flextime

• Telecommuting

• Job sharing

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 17

Working With Labor Working With Labor UnionsUnions

• Wages and benefits

• Working conditions

• Job security

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 18

Collective Bargaining Collective Bargaining ProcessProcess

1 . Preparing to meet

2 . Meeting

3 . Reaching an agreement

4 . Voting and ratification

5 . Signing the agreement

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 19

Resolving an ImpasseResolving an Impasse

• Mediation

• Arbitration

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 20

When Negotiations When Negotiations Break DownBreak Down

• Labor– Strike– Boycott– Publicity

• Management– Strikebreakers– Lockouts– Injunctions

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 21

Labor Movement TodayLabor Movement Today

• Unions included 35% of the workforce in the 1950s

• Unions include 13.5% of today’s workforce

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 9 - 22

Declining Union Declining Union MembershipMembership

• Decline in manufacturing

• Rise in service industries

• Changes in the workforce

• Flat organization structures