ÇáÑÇÏÇÑ New Radar.doc 2008Phase Modulation ( Frequency Modulation ) High Range Resolution PM...
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Transcript of ÇáÑÇÏÇÑ New Radar.doc 2008Phase Modulation ( Frequency Modulation ) High Range Resolution PM...
Radar
ESTTechnologySystems Electronic
RadarRadio Detection And Ranging
Electromagnetic System TargetsDistance
Sin Waves ) Pulse Modulation
Pulse Radar
Line Narrow Beam Search
RadarDoppler CWContinuous Wave
Display
Antenna
Transmitter Antenna Radiation
Receiver Antenna
Pr
Pr
RangeDirection
RangeTT = t1 + t2
t 1t 2
t 1 t 2t 1 + t 2 = 2 T TR
T = TR / 2
Pulse Modulation 300 * 1000000 m /sec
R = C * T
C)
300 *1000000 m/sec
TR
R = C * T = 300 * 1000000 * ( TR / 2 )
= 0.15 TR
RKmTRSec
R = C * T
= 300 * 1000000 * ( TR / 2 ) = 0.15 TR
RKm TRµSec T
µSec
R = 0.08 TR
R nmi TRµSec
0.01mSec
Km
Nmi
TR = T / 2 = 0.01 / 2 = 0.005 mSec = 5 µSec
µSecKm
R = 0.15 TR
= 0.15 * 5 = 0.75 Km
nmi
R = 0.08 TR
= 0.08 * 5 = 0.4 nmi
1.5m
1.35m
1.5 m
R = RT 1.5 = µSec 0.005
C 300000000
1.35m
R
=RT
1.35 = Sec µ0.0045C300000000
0.005 µSec -- 0.0045 µSec 0.0005 µSec =
0.5 0.5 nSec
Direction
Angle Horizon
ESTTWINS
OEDS "Optical Encoder Direction System .
Optical Encoder
66
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 128 2
o o
2.8125 360 128
3 "
64
3605.625
256
3601.406
ON
OFF
8 BCDBCD 7 Segments
4583608
7 Segments0
" - 1 2
Frequency Of The Pulse
Second Time Around EchoAround EchoMultiple Time
Second Time Around Echo
Second Time Around Echo
UnambiguousRun = C / ( 2F f )
RunUnambiguousmC 300000000 m / secF f Hz
RunF f
Modulated Waves ModulationAround EchoMultiple Time
( Frequency Modulation )Phase Modulation
High Range Resolution( CW )Continuous WavesFMPM
ABStationary Clutter
DopplerCodingTransmitter Antenna Radar
Receiver Antenna Radar
Pulse Radar
Continuous Waves Radar
k Diagram Of RadarlocB
Block Diagram
.
Pulse ModulatorRFIF
TransmitterMagnetron
187.5 Km 375 Km
WattKilo Watt
Magnetron
ABTE01CDEF
10 Kw5 MW
AntennaWave Radiation
DuplexerHigh Power
RF
TRTransmit -- Receive
Anti Transmit ReceiverATR
CirculatorsTR
DiodesDuplexers
RFRadio Frequency
Noise
Parametric Amplifier (
Noise
Local Oscillator
Intermediate Waves
Mixer
LOFIF
30
60 MHz
IF Amplifier
30
60 MHz BW = 1 MHz
IFH ( f )
NoiseSpectra
Detector
PulseModulating0.7
Video Amplifier
Display
Pointer
Radar Equation
P t
P r
GAperture Area
Design
IsotropicRadiation
Isotropic
Watt / m²(Intensity
Intensity = Transmitted Power / Area = P t / 4¶ R²
P tWatt
RI m
Isotropic
GGainRadiation Power
Isotropic
Isotropic
Angle Unit
G
Aem
C =m
F
R
I 1 = P t * G / 4 ¶ R² R
Radar Cross SectionR 1
I 2 = ( P t G / 4 ¶ R² ) * ( ç / 4 ¶ R 1² )
1 R = R
* ( G ç / 4 ¶ R² ) I = ( P t G / 4 ¶ R² ) = P t G ç / ( 4 ¶ R² )²
P r = I * A
PrWatt
I Watt / m²A m²Ae
Pr = P t G ç Ae / ( 4 ¶ R² )²
R = ( P t G ç Ae / Pr ( 4 ¶ )² )¼ P t
R max = ( P t G ç Ae / S min ( 4 ¶ )² )¼
Ae
R max = ( P t ç Ae² / S min ( 4 ¶ ) ² ) ¼ = ( P t G² ç ² / S min ( 4 ¶ )³ )¼
RP t ¼
Ground Interference
G
1
KR max 1 = ( P t G ç Ae / Smin ( 4 ¶ )² )¼
= K ( P t 1 )¼
R max 2 = 2R max 1
= K ( P t 2 )¼ = 2K ( P t 1 )¼
R max 2 / R max 1 = 2 K ( P t 2 )¼ / K ( P t 2 )¼ = 2
( P t 2 )¼ / ( P t 2 )¼ = 2
P t 2¼ = 2P t 1¼ P t 2 = 16 P t 1
16
2205
20 m²0.1 µ watt
100 watt
R max = ( P t G ç Ae / S min ( 4 ¶ )² )¼
¼ ) ²¶ 4( * 10 * 0.1 / 20* 5* 20* 100= ( 1000000
= 335.3 m
320 m²dB 409W0.3µW1
- 1 G = Log [ GdB / 10 ]
- 1 = Log [ 40 / 10 ]
= 1000
R max = ( P t G ç Ae / S min ( 4 ¶ )² )¼
¼ )²) ¶ 4( * 10 * 0.3 / 20* 1* 1000* 9 = ( m 248 1000000
40.1mw
R = ( P t G ç Ae / P r ( 4 ¶ )² )¼¼ )²) ¶ 4( * 10 * 0.1 / 20* 1* 1000* 9= ( m58.1
1000
Displays
Displays
DisplaysRaw Video
Tracking Processor ) ATDSynthetic Video
Displays18
A- Scope A Deflection ModulatedDisplays
- Scope BIntensity Display Modulated Rectangular
Azimuth Angle
C ScopeAzimuth AngleElevation
D ScopeRoughBlipsC Display
E- ScopeElevation1 Rh
F-ScopeAiming
Blip
G-ScopeLaterally Blip
H -Scope B -Scope Angle Of Elevation Bright
-Scope J
: A-Scope
I-Scope
Pointing Error
-ScopeK
: A-Scope
Pointing Error
L-Scope
M-Scope A-ScopePedestal Moving And Adjustable
ControlPedestal
N-Scope K-Scope PedestalM-Scope
O-Scope : A-Scope Notch
PPI : Plan Position IndicatorP-Scope PlanAzimuthROH Theta
R-Scope
: A-Scope Blip
High Accuracy
RHIRange Height Indicator
. Doppler Frequency Shift
CWRn
n2 R /
R12 ¶ Radian I
I = 2 ¶ ( 2 R / ) = 4 ¶ R / = 2 ¶ n
RI
X ( t ) = A sin ( ? )
t = d? / dI Doppler
= 2 ¶ f d = dI / dt ) / dt = d ( 4 ¶ R /
= ( 4 ¶ / ) Dr / dt
RVr
= 4 ¶ Vr / d
fd = d / 2 ¶ = ( 4 ¶ Vr / ) / 2 ¶ = 2 Vr / = 2Vr fo / C
fdf0 d
C 300 * 1000000 m / sec
fdVrf0
fd = f0 [( 1 + Vr / C ) / ( 1 Vr / C )]
1250 Hz1 GHz
fd = 2Vr f0 / C
Vr = fd * C / 2 f0 = 250 * 300 * 1000000 / 2 * 1000000000
= 37.5 m / sec-3
= 37.5 * 10 / ( 1 / 3600 ) = 135 Km / hour
2R = 10 t² +15
3 GHz
t = 1 sec
t = 1 sec
= C / f = 300 * 1000000 / 3 * 1000000000
= 0.1m
1
I = 4 ¶ R /
= 4 * 3 .14 * ( 10 t² + 15 )/ 0.1 = 1256 t² + 1884
2I = 1256 * 1 + 1884
= 3140
3Vr = dR / dt = d ( 10t² + 15 ) / dt
= 20 t = 20 * 1 = 20 m / sec
fd = 2Vr / = 2 * 20 / 0.1 = 400 Hz
TWINS EST
MICMIC
EMAD AL TOUBASIAL TOUBASISALEM
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