Name and title: Is America the Greatest? Watch the following, and listen carefully: Newsroom You will write 2 paragraphs, min ¾ page, answering the

following:◦ Do you agree or disagree with what he said? Explain your stance.◦ What does America need to keep doing to stay great? What do we

need to do in order to become the greatest again?

1 Sheet of Paper!

When the new Congress met in 1789, it debated the issue of how to address the President.

One side favored a simple “President Washington”.

The other: “His Highness” or “His Majesty”.

Why do you think Washington chose to be called President of the U.S. instead of a more dignified title?

Warm Up 11/30/15

g4tv.com

Presidencies of the Early Republic

Who were the leaders of the new republic?

What were the major domestic problems facing the leaders of the new republic?

How successful was the new government in responding to early domestic challenges?

Focus Questions

No political party- unanimously elected Take oath in New York City April, 1789 Sets many precedents as first President:

◦ Appoints first cabinet (advisors)◦ Site of Washington, D.C. established◦ Refused third term◦ Oath of office◦ Established federal law over state law◦ Farewell Address

No.1 George Washington

Precedent: an action taken for the 1st time, which is followed by others afterwards

Most urgent domestic problem: paying off nearly 80 million in foreign and state debt!

Hamilton’s Financial Plan:1. Establish a national bank

-uses “Necessary and Proper” Clause in the Constitution to give the nat’l govt more power than the states

2. Protective Tariff: Charge foreign nations a tax on import goods (“protects” American manufacturing)

3. Domestic tax on Whiskey

Creating a Stable Economy

Debt was paid off within 10 years (first time US has ever been debt free!)

The Outstanding Public Debt as of 17 Nov 2014 at 10:09:38 PM GMT is:

$17,953,524,916,466.23 The estimated population of the United States

is 319,430,489so each citizen's share of this debt is $56,204.79.

The National Debt has continued to increase an average of$2.43 billion per day since September 30, 2012!

National Debt

http://www.brillig.com/debt_clock/

Commander and Chief of the Military• No Navy• “Standing” Military funded through federal tax dollars.

Building a Military

Judiciary Act of 1789- Established the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts (3rd branch of Gov.)◦Appointed Supreme Court justices ◦1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court-John Jay

Setting up the Court System

If someone does you a favor, do you owe them a favor? Even if they ask you to do something that goes against your morals and beliefs? Explain.

Warm Up #12 12/1/15

Washington serves 2 terms & Retires Battle of Fallen Timbers- Shows authority of Federal government to protect citizens

Whiskey Rebellion- Shows ability of Federal government to stop Domestic uprising

Defining the Authority of the Central Government

Battle of Fallen Timbers

automation-drive.com

Whiskey Rebellion

fineartamerica.com

French Revolution-Debate over which side to support. Determined to be too “Bloody”. Washington decides U.S. will stay neutral.

Jay’s Treaty- Negotiates w/ British to remove British forts out west.

Pinckney's Treaty- compromises to use the port of New Orleans with Spain

Foreign Policies

French Revolution

Jay’s Treaty

history.army.mil

Pinckney’s Treaty Between the US and Spain

negotiated by diplomat Thomas Pinckney in 1795, was extremely popular.

Spain had called Pinckney to Madrid, expecting him to sign an alliance against Great Britain.

Not only did he refuse, he managed to convince Spain to agree to a more southern border between Spanish West Florida and the United States, securing a disputed region for America.

& USAGE OF NEW ORLEANS!!

Creates the first Cabinet: chosen by the President to direct departments & give advice.◦ Secretary of War – Henry Knox◦ Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson◦ Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton◦ Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

Maintaining National Security

mrcapwebpage.com

Department of the InteriorSecretary Sally JewellDepartment of AgricultureSecretary Thomas J. VilsackDepartment of CommerceSecretary Penny PritzkerDepartment of LaborSecretary Thomas E. PerezDepartment of Health and Human ServicesSecretary Sylvia Mathews BurwellDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentSecretary Julián CastroDepartment of TransportationSecretary Anthony FoxxDepartment of EnergySecretary Ernest MonizDepartment of EducationSecretary Arne DuncanDepartment of Veterans AffairsSecretary Robert McDonaldDepartment of Homeland SecuritySecretary Jeh Johnson

Vice President of the United StatesJoseph R. BidenDepartment of StateSecretary John KerryDepartment of the TreasurySecretary Jack LewDepartment of DefenseSecretary Chuck HagelDepartment of JusticeAttorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr.

Farewell Address—◦Warns country to:

1. stay neutral w/ foreign nations2. Do not have political parties – it will divide

the nation3. Stay out of Debt!

Maintaining National Security cont’d

mrcapwebpage.com

Farewell Address “Tis our true policy to steer clear of

permanent Alliances, with any portion of the foreign World…”

POLICY OF NEUTRALITY

However [political parties] may … answer popular ends, they are likely … to become potent [powerful] engines,

by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert [weaken] the power of the people and to usurp [seize] for themselves the reins of government,

Destroying…the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion [authority].

WARNING AGAINST POLITICAL PARTIES

GEORGE WASHINGTON, Farewell Address, Sep. 17, 1796

We Washington All Adams Jog Jefferson Many Madison Mornings Monroe After John Quincy Adams Juice Jackson

All pictures courtesy of Google images

Acronym for the first 7 Presidents

Warm up 12/1/14

There is a new campus rule: any student who says anything negative about the Principal, Administrators, or the school will be given 30 days of after-school detention.

Do you agree with this rule? Why/why not?

No. 2 John Adams

Election of 1796*President Adams led the Federalist Party with 71 votes

*Jefferson led the Democratic Republican Party with 68 votes and became the V.P.

Adams was an experienced diplomat and veteran of the Continental Congress

Maintaining National Security

Naturalization Act: “Alien Act”

1. waiting period for immigrants to become citizens is extended to 14 years

2. President could deport aliens he deemed “dangerous”

Dem-Reps opposed law: argued that the Federalists were trying to decrease the voting power of the Dem-Rep Party, which was supported mainly by immigrants

Creating a Stable Economy

Followed Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Defining the Authority of the Central Government

Sedition Act: made it a crime to criticize the President or Congress.

Federalists were reacting to outspoken immigrants and argued that Freedom of Speech only extended to US citizens. A dozen newspaper publishers were jailed.

Democratic-Republicans disagreed and said that the Bill of Rights extended to all people in our nation, not just US citizens.

Madison and Jefferson said the Alien and Sedition Acts hurt States’ Rights

Declared that to protect their citizens, States could refuse to enforce bad federal laws – (nullification)

Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions-Nullified the Alien and Sedition Acts (States’ Rights issue)

Defining the Authority of the Central Govt. (cont’d)

Exit Slip – ½ sheet of paper

Answer the following in paragraph form: What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and were they fair?

Why or why not? Do you agree with Jefferson that States have the right to

nullify (reject/ignore) bad federal laws? How “united” would we be if this were the case?

Warm-up12/2/14

For all your hard work, you have been awarded a scholarship to the college of your choice! However, the person who recruited you (coach, band/choir director, etc.) leaves the college before the new school year begins. Their replacement refuses to honor your scholarship.

Is this fair? Why or why not?

Foreign PoliciesXYZ affair: France insults America France was upset because the U.S. gave too many concessions to Britain

in Jay’s Treaty President Adams sent a commission to France to try diplomacy. The

Americans were ignored for weeks before… France agreed to see the Americans if:

1. They loan $10 million to France

2. Pay a bribe of $250,000 to the minister Adams would rather go to war than pay A bribe (Tribute: $ paid

to be an ally or be protected)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afB5NJmER5M

Undeclared War•Washington warned America to stay neutral, but when France began seizing US ships, Congress cancelled its treaties with France and allowed U.S. ships to seize French vessels

•Adams avoided war with a treaty with Napoleon in 1799 which was very unpopular in the U.S. Adams felt it was his greatest achievement…

Foreign Policies cont’d

Building a Military

Response to the XYZ Affair:“Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!” --Charles Pinckney

•Congress set aside money to expand the navy and army

First Political Parties

Election of 1800 Republicans: Jefferson and

Burr Federalists: Adams and

Pinckney Jefferson and Burr tied

(Federalist) Alexander Hamilton despised Burr and threw his support to Jefferson

The House of Representatives decided-7days, and 36 ballots later-Jefferson wins

Significance of the Election Aaron Burrs’ anger toward Hamilton grew

and resulted in a duel between the two.

Election of 1800 resulted in a change to the electoral college - 12th Amendment separate ballots for VP & Prez

Amendment 12 – “the Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President… they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- President…”

Setting Up the Court System

Before Jefferson takes office, Adams appoints John Marshall, a Federalist, to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Rushed the Judiciary Act of 1801 through Congress (created new court positions)

Midnight appointments - before the end of his Presidency, Adams appointed Federalists to new court positions to ensure Federalists still had a powerful voice in the Government,

Warm up 12/3/14

What are two things the Federalist party believes/supports?

What are two things the Democratic-Republican party believes/supports?

Put your warm up away and get out a

SHEET OF PAPER!

No. 3 Thomas Jefferson1801-1809

• Lawyer, architect, inventor, Violinist, horseman, scientist

Setting up the Court System Adams failed to deliver all his “midnight appointments.”

Jefferson tells Secretary of State Madison to refuse to deliver the commission to one “to-be” Federalist judge, William Marbury, who sues.

“These midnight judges were among my most ardent [enthusiastic] political enemies, from whom no faithful cooperation could ever be expected.”

Marbury vs. Madison: John Marshall uses case to create the power of Judicial Review: Supreme Court will have the power to declare laws unconstitutional

jgonzalez101.com

(left) Secretary ofState, JamesMadison

(right) ChiefJustice, JohnMarshall

More power for

Federal Govt!

Maintaining National Security1803 Louisiana Purchase largest

land purchase in US history US pays $15 million or 3¢ per acre to

Napoleon Bonaparte of France DOUBLES THE SIZE OF THE

UNITED STATES!! France needed money b/c of war debt

with the Brits!

Expedition of Lewis & Clark

1804 mission to find a N.W. passage to Pacific Ocean

Scientific Expedition (new plants & wildlife)

attempt at peace with Natives for trade

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=486DB4AA-D659-4233-877A-0C4234B865E3&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Maintaining National Security

Building a Military Refuses to pay tribute to Barbary

Coast pirates Strengthens Navy to protect US

trading ships from raids.

“From the Halls of Montezuma to the shores of Tripoli.”

ussconstitutionmuseum.org

Creating a Stable Economy

Reduced Taxes

Kept national bank

Cut the federal budget in half

Defining the Authority of the Central Government

Goal: keep the federal govt.’s power limited.

“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” Jefferson wanted to unite Americans by:

promoting a common way of lifekeeping the US a nation of small,

independent farmers

*DC remained a village

Defining the Authority of the Central Govt. (cont’d.)

Added a Cabinet position (Sec. of the Navy)

But urged Congress to decrease the size of the Judiciary.Many lost their jobs.

Replaced ½ the Federalist positions with Dem-Reps: only 6 out of 600 were Dem-Reps

Foreign Policies Disputes w/ Spain over

boundary of LA Territory Did not include Texas! Did not go to the Rocky Mts Attempted to buy Florida, but

failed

Foreign Policies France and England blockade US ships and

begin a policy of Impressments, the forced enslavement of sailors

Embargo Act of 1807 – To stop impressments, Congress stops all exports to Europe w new

laws & uses Navy to prevent English ships from coming into US portsEmbargo Act damages Economy but avoids war!

Key Issues in Jefferson’s Presidency Added a cabinet position Cut Government spending D.C. remained a village Decreased the Judiciary Embargo Act (ban trade w/ other nations) Increased size of military Kept the National Bank Louisiana Purchase Reduced taxes

Warm-up #1012/5/13 Complete the sentence!

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory resulted in –

A securing America’s economic access to the Pacific Ocean.

B allowing the U.S. to have complete control of the Mississippi River.

C making the Spanish government angry that France sold the land.

D causing the British to impress sailors in the Atlantic Ocean.

No. 4 James Madison1809 - 1817As a Framer and Defender of the

Constitution, [Madison] had no peer.-Gary Wills, historian

Defining the Authority of the Central Government

British aggression towards American sailors continued into Madison’s presidency

Many members of Congress, known as War Hawks, voted to declare war on Britain for 3 reasons: Impressment of U.S. sailors Interference w/ U.S. shipping British support of Native American uprisings in the

Northwest territories Henry Clay

Whose point of view is shown?

Building a Military At the onset of the War of 1812, the Army had only 7,000 men

and the Navy had only 16 ships!!! Experience in Barbary Wars was key to success

Great victories by heroes such as Commodore Oliver Perry and General Andrew JacksonBuilt American confidence and

nationalism Nationalism – intense pride in one’s

country; patriotism

Setting up the Court System As the British approached Washington D.C., Dolly

Madison stayed behind. Dolly and her slaves saved priceless founding

documents including original drafts of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, and a famous portrait of George Washington.

Dolly escaped with her life before the British burned the capital.

The Burning of Washington D.C.

War of 1812

Whose point of view is

illustrated?

Whose point of view is shown?

Francis Scott Key Lawyer who was detained on a British ship Watched the all-night bombardment of Ft.

McHenry at the Battle of Baltimore At dawn, he saw the American flag still flying! He expressed his pride in his countrymen for

withstanding heavy fire with a poem later known as the Star-Spangled Banner, our National Anthem

Warm up 12/5/14

What were the 3 main causes of the War of 1812? Who were we at war with?

Maintaining National Security Native Americans resistance failed after the

British no longer gave them weapons

Gov./Gen. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee at the Battle of TippecanoeMajor setback for the Native American

resistance

Foreign Policies

• U.S. continued to have difficulties w/ foreign trade.• Before the War of 1812, Madison enacted laws that discouraged

trade with France and England.• Proved to be as ineffective as the Embargo ActFinal Battle: The Battle of New Orleans

• Treaty of Ghent – officially ends the War of 1812– No clear winner– No land changed hands– Trade disputes left unresolved

What is the purpose of

this piece of propaganda

?

Creating a stable Economic System

Interrupted trade with Europe during the war forced Americans to manufacture goods they previously imported

This resulted in the birth of the US Industrial Revolution and use of Free Enterprise (economy based on supply and demand with minimal government interference)

mercantilism vs. free enterprise

How did John Locke’s idea of natural rights result in the Free Enterprise System?

Quick Review

Exit Slip 12/6

Imagine you are each of the following characters. Write 2-3 sentences for each, describing how you feel about going to war with Britain during the War of 1812.

Merchant Sailor in Boston Plantation owner in Georgia Member of the Shawnee tribe American Sailor