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Introduction to the

Gender Analysis Framework

Contribution of Gender Contribution of Gender Analysis to Health ProgramsAnalysis to Health Programs

For Groups and Individuals:For Groups and Individuals: Risks and exposuresRisks and exposures Occurrence, severity, and frequency Occurrence, severity, and frequency

of diseaseof disease Social and cultural responses to Social and cultural responses to

disease, sexuality, and reproductiondisease, sexuality, and reproduction Access to health resourcesAccess to health resources Capacity to exercise rightsCapacity to exercise rights

Contribution of Gender Contribution of Gender Analysis to Health ProgramsAnalysis to Health Programs

For the Health System:For the Health System: Responses of the health sectorResponses of the health sector Allocation and distribution of Allocation and distribution of

resourcesresources Distribution of responsibilities Distribution of responsibilities

and power among different and power among different categories of health workerscategories of health workers

Impact of policies Impact of policies

Two Fundamental Two Fundamental QuestionsQuestions

• How will gender relations How will gender relations affect the achievement of affect the achievement of sustainable results?sustainable results?

• How will proposed results How will proposed results affect the relative status of affect the relative status of men and women?men and women?

Access to Assets Knowledge, Beliefs, and

Perceptions Practices and Participation Space and Time Legal Rights and Status Power

Activity Domains for Gender Analysis

Access to:

ResourcesResources IncomeIncome ServicesServices EmploymentEmployment InformationInformation BenefitsBenefits

The capacity to use the resources necessary to be a fully active and productive (socially, economically and politically) participant in society.

Access to Assets

Knowledge, Beliefs, and PerceptionsKnowledge, Beliefs, and Perceptions

Types of Knowledge that men and women are privy to—Who knows what

Beliefs (ideology) that shape gender identities and behavior, and how men and women and boys and girls conduct their daily lives

Perceptions that guide how people interpret aspects of their lives differently depending on their gender identity.

Practices and Participation Gender structures peoples’ behaviors and

actions --what they do-- and the way they engage in Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS (or other development) activities.

Activities Meetings Political

Processes Services Training

Courses

Participation in:

PRACTICEPRACTICE

PARTICIPATIONPARTICIPATION

Time and SpaceTime and Space

Gender affects how people use time:Gender affects how people use time: Time AllocationTime Allocation Time AvailabilityTime Availability Division of laborDivision of labor

Gender affects where in the landscape Gender affects where in the landscape people spend their timepeople spend their time Where women and men (girls and boys) Where women and men (girls and boys)

workwork Where women and men (boys and girls) Where women and men (boys and girls)

socializesocialize

TTII

MMEE

SPACE

Legal Rights and StatusLegal Rights and Status

Refers to how gender affects the way people are regarded and treated by both customary law and the formal legal code and judicial system.

Rights to:Rights to: Ownership and Ownership and InheritanceInheritance Legal DocumentsLegal Documents

identity cards property titles voter registration

Reproductive ChoiceReproductive Choice RepresentationRepresentation Due processDue process

PowerPower

One’s bodyOne’s body ChildrenChildren Affairs of the household, community, municipality,Affairs of the household, community, municipality,

and stateand state The use of individual economic The use of individual economic

resources and income resources and income Choice of employmentChoice of employment Voting, running for office, and legislatingVoting, running for office, and legislating Entering into legal contractsEntering into legal contracts Moving about and associating with othersMoving about and associating with others

Gender norms and relations influence people’s ability to freely decide, influence, control, enforce, and to engage in collective actions. To Exercise decisions about:To Exercise decisions about:

Gender-based Gender-based

Constraints and OpportunitiesConstraints and Opportunities

Gender-based constraintsGender-based constraints are factors that are factors that inhibit men’s or women’s access to inhibit men’s or women’s access to resources, behavior and participation, resources, behavior and participation, time use, mobility, rights, and exercise of time use, mobility, rights, and exercise of power based on their gender identitypower based on their gender identity..

Gender-based opportunitiesGender-based opportunities are are structural and institutional factors that structural and institutional factors that facilitate women’s and men’s equitable facilitate women’s and men’s equitable access to resources, behavior and access to resources, behavior and participation, time use, mobility, rights, participation, time use, mobility, rights, and exercise of power and exercise of power

STEP 1:DIRECTIONSSTEP 1:DIRECTIONS

In Table 1 write down information you In Table 1 write down information you

find in the case study on your assigned find in the case study on your assigned domaindomain

Share your findings with other people at Share your findings with other people at your table and decide on what is the your table and decide on what is the most important information on gender most important information on gender for your assigned domain.for your assigned domain.

Together formulate 2-3 questions Together formulate 2-3 questions pertaining to information (within your pertaining to information (within your assigned domain) that you need to know assigned domain) that you need to know but do not find in the case study.but do not find in the case study.

STEP 2 Directions:STEP 2 Directions: Follow the directions under STEP 1 for your own Follow the directions under STEP 1 for your own

project or one selected by one of your group matesproject or one selected by one of your group mates

Take the information that you identified in Table 1 Take the information that you identified in Table 1 and try to analyze the implications of that and try to analyze the implications of that information using the categories in Table 2.information using the categories in Table 2.

Identify gender-based constraints and Identify gender-based constraints and opportunitiesopportunities

Try to answer the ADS questionsTry to answer the ADS questions

Identify activities that may overcome the Identify activities that may overcome the constraints or take advantage of the opportunitiesconstraints or take advantage of the opportunities

Examples of Key QuestionsExamples of Key Questions

Look on page 3 of your hand-out Look on page 3 of your hand-out to guide your analysis of key to guide your analysis of key gender-based constraints and gender-based constraints and opportunities.opportunities.