COSMETIC DENTAL TREATMENTS FOLLOWING SPORT INJURIES

IntroductionDental injuries are very common, and up to 30% of children injure their primary teeth.

These injuries become common again in the mid-elementary school years (ages 8 to 10) as children join sports teams and become more independently active outdoors (eg, bicycles, playgrounds, trampolines).

The most common injury site is the maxillary (upper) central incisors, which account for more than 50% of all dental injuries.

Oral injuries typically result from falls (most common), bike and car accidents, sports-related injuries

There are various treatment options in sports related injuries like direct composite veneers, porcelain laminate veneers,removable partial dentures, dental bridges, dental crowns, reimplantation of avulsed tooth

Discoloured teeth due to pulp damage, intrusion, extrusion and even total luxation of the teeth and broken or fractured teeth

FRACTURE

There are 5 basic types of tooth fracture:

1. Infraction: incomplete fracture (crack) of the enamel without loss of tooth structure.2. Uncomplicated Crown fracture: an enamel fracture or an enamel-dentin fracture that does not involve the pulp. 3. Complicated Crown fracture: an enamel-dentin fracture with pulp exposure.4. Crown/root fracture: an enamel, dentin, and cementum fracture with or without pulp exposure.5. Root Fracture: a dentin and cementum fracture involving the pulp

Reattachment of fractured tooth fragments can provide

good and long-lasting esthetics (because the tooth’s original anatomic form, color, and surface

texture are maintained). It also restores function, provides a positive psychological response, and

is a relatively simple procedure. Patient cooperation and understanding of the limitations of the

treatment is of most importance for good prognosis.

A particular challenge is the restoration of fractured segments to match form and color so as to be indistinguishable from the real thing. Direct composite restorations are the most .

popular anterior esthetic restorative materials as they provide excellent esthetics, mechanical properties and also conserve healthy tooth structure

Treatment :composite build up of the fractured segment by using composite resins.

During the recall appointment, an assessment of the stability and longevity of the restoration perform. Color stability, surface staining, or fracture of the composite build-up material were evaluated and found to be acceptable. The patient had no complaints about the restoration

Reattachment of fractured tooth fragments offers a viable restorative option for the clinician

because it restores tooth function and esthetics with the use of a very conservative and cost-effective

Several factors influence the management of coronal tooth fractures,

including extent of fracture (biological width violation, endodontic

involvement, alveolar bone fracture), pattern of fracture and restorability of fractured tooth (associated root fracture),

presence/absence of secondary trauma injuries (soft tissue status),

fractured tooth fragment and its condition for use (fit between

fragment and the remaining tooth structure), occlusion, esthetics,finances, and prognosis

Prior to giving composite restorations, it is mandatory to have good preoperative photographs and accurate shade selection for best results. Shade guides should be used under proper natural light and shade selection should go well with patient‟s complexion and age.