© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts.
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Transcript of © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts.
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 2
Fundamental Concepts
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Main Topics
سیال پیوستگی سرعت میدان تنش میدانویسکوزیته سطحی تنش سیال حرکت بندی دسته
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Fluid as a Continuum
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Velocity Field
نسبی چگالی
مخصوص وزن
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Velocity Field
Consider alsoSteady and Unsteady Flows1D, 2D, and 3D FlowsTimelines, Pathlines, and
Streaklines
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
خط :جریان
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
مسیر خط
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
رگه
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
داده سرعت میدان برای را مسیر خطبیابید .شده
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Stress Field
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
ViscosityNewtonian Fluids
• Most of the common fluids (water, air, oil, etc.)• “Linear” fluids
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
ViscosityNon-Newtonian Fluids
• Special fluids (e.g., most biological fluids, toothpaste, some paints, etc.)• “Non-linear” fluids
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Viscosity
Non-Newtonian Fluids
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Surface Tension
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Description and Classification of Fluid Motions
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Viscous torque is produced by the annular gap around the inner cylinder. Additional viscous torque is produced by the flat bottom of the inner cylinder as it rotates above the flat bottom of the stationary outer cylinder. Obtain an algebraic expression for the viscous torque due to flow in the annulargap of width a. Obtain an algebraic expression for the viscous torque due to flow in the bottom clearance gap of height b.
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
A viscometer is built from a conical pointed shaft thatturns in a conical bearing, as shown. The gap between shaftand bearing is filled with a sample of the test oil. Obtain analgebraic expression for the viscosity μ of the oil as a functionof viscometer geometry (H, a, and θ), turning speed ω,and applied torque T. For the data given, find by referring toFigure A.2 in Appendix A, the type of oil for which theapplied torque is 0.325 N m. The oil is at 20C. Hint: Firstobtain an expression for the shear stress on the surface of theconical shaft as a function of z.
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald