PROTISTS

Protists

Eukaryotes, not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi

Most unicellular but not all Protista= very first

Evolution of Protists

Symbiosis of several cells Mitochondria/chloroplasts live inside

larger cells

Classification of Protists

Animal-like protists-obtain food like heterotrophs

Plant-like protists- obtain food like autotrophs

Fungus-like protists- decomposers or parasites

Phylums of Animal Like Protists

Zooflagellates Movement: use flagellum to move Food: Absorb food through cell

membrane Reproduction: asexually/sexually

Sarcodines

Movement: pseudopodsAmoeboid movement- cytoplasm streams

into pseudopod Food: pseudopods capture take into

food vacuole Reproduce: Mitosis/Cytokinesis

Foraminiferans- SarcodineSecretes calcium carbonate

Ciliates

Movement: cilia propel Food: Cilia move food into gullet, force

food into food vacuole Waste material emptied when food

vacuole fuses with anal pore Contractile vacuoles- cavities

specialized to collect water

Ciliates= Paramecium

Trichocysts- small bottle shaped structures used for defense

Danger= stiff projections that protect cell

Two nuclei› Macronucleus- keeps genes for day to day

use› Micronucleus- contains reserve copy of

cells genes

Reproduction: asexually mitosis/cytokinesis

Conjugation- exchange genetic material

Sporozoans

Movement: not on their own/ parasitic Reproduction: sporozoites Diseases: malaria

Plantlike Protists

Algae 7 major phylums

› 4- unicellular› 3- multicellular

Use photosynthesis- › Chlorophyll a› Chlorophyll b› Chlorophyll c› Accessory pigments› Allow use of different light wavelengths

Unicellular Plant like Protists

Euglenophytes aka Euglena

Movement: Two flagellum Pellicle- cell membrane Food: Eye spot- cluster of reddish

pigment for photosynthesis Can live as heterotrophs-absorb food Reproduce: Asexually- binary fission

Chrysophytes

Yellow/green algae and gold/brown algae

Have gold colored chloroplasts

Diatoms

Produce thin, delicate call walls rich in silicon (component of glass)

Cell walls – different patterns like etched glass

Dinoflagellates

½ photosynthetic ½ heterotrophic 2 flagellum Luminescent- shimmer when agitated

Ecology of unicellular Algae

Make up the base of aquatic food chains

Phytoplankton- ½ of photosynthesis on earth

Red Tide

Protists release dangerous toxins Shell fish eat the protists = trap toxin Human eating shell fish become very

sick› Paralysis› death

Multicellular Plant like Protists

1. Red algae- coral reefs2. Brown algae- Kelp3. Green algae

› Unicellular › Colonial (volvox)› Multicellular (ulva)

Spirogyra- Green colonial algae› Live in water› Multicellular› Spiral shaped chloroplasts

Fungus like Protists

Heterotrophs/decomposers Slime molds or water molds Water molds responsible for the Irish

Great Potato Famine