WARM-UP: THURSDAY Draw Italian Peninsula (Italy) and label

Rome (on your warm-up sheet!)

(turn to page 175)

INSTRUCTIONS You will need to share your slice of pizza with

your classmates. (I will group you …) Get out a sheet of notebook paper and set it

up like this:

Roman Culture

Entertainment

Society

Art

Architecture

Science and Engineering

New ideas in Science

You will share information and take notes!

3

CULTURE AND SOCIETY PIZZA

ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

Columns and arches Aqueducts =transport

water!! Long stone channels to carry

clean water from nearby hills to the city

Each time a new city was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome. 

The Romans built road signs called milestones, which told how far it was back to Rome. 

 HTTP://APP.DISCOVERYEDUCATION.COM/PLAYER/VIEW/ASSETGUID/8CA4BE43-DC46-4231-9BC4-97D4C526308B

FAMILY LIFE Paterfamilias = the dominant male in

the family (think patriarchal)

Early on in Rome, husbands had absolute authority over their wife

By the 2nd century A.D., Roman women had more freedoms (but they still couldn’t be in politics)

ENTERTAINMENT

http://www.history.com/topics/colosseum/videos#deconstructing-history-colosseum

RELIGION

RELIGION OF ROME Gods and Goddesses

polytheistic

LANGUAGE Main language = Latin Lingua franca = Greek

How has Latin influenced languages of the world today?

LANGUAGE These are called the

“Romance languages”

ECONOMY

Silk road – route between Roman Empire and China so-called because silk was China’s most valuable product

THE RISE OF ROME

Essential Question:

What led to the rise of Rome?

IN THE BEGINNING… Ancient Rome began as a

group of villages along the Tiber River in what is now Italy.

Around 750 B.C. these villages united to form the city of Rome.

The early Romans were ruled by kings

Rome grew quickly as a cultural and trade center on the Italian peninsula.

ROME: A REPUBLIC In 509 B.C., the

Romans established a republic

Republic – a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen

ROMAN REPUBLICPATRICIANS PLEBEIANS

Ruling class Great landowners Only patricians

served in Senate (lawmakers) and held public office

Majority of the people

Small landowners, craftspeople, merchants, farmers

Eventually gained more say-so

ROME BECOMES AN EMPIRE

264-129 B.C. Rome gained territory through conquests =

empire – a large political unit, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories

ROMAN EXPANSION Under the leadership of ambitious generals,

Rome’s highly trained soldiers took over most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean.

THE END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

A successful Roman general and famous speaker, Julius Caesar, was a governor of the territory of Gaul and managed to take control of many nearby territories.

Fearing him the Roman Senate ordered him to resign…but he had other ideas.

45 BC - Julius Caesar became dictator, ending the Roman Republic

THE ROMAN EMPIRE Less than a year after gaining power a

group of angered Senators stabbed Caesar to death on the floor of the Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ieOLO33KFA

This caused a civil war that lasted several years.

CRASH COURSE: CAESAR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPf27

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OCTAVIAN (AUGUSTUS) After Caesar’s assassination, fights for

power took place… His nephew Octavian eventually gained

powergiven the title Augustus by the Senatealso given the title “imperator” – What modern

English word comes from this?Emperor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry3yTPWH9qE--

PAX ROMANA AD 96 – AD 180 Rome reached a

period of peace and prosperity

The empire reached its height in 200 A.D.

WARM-UP: WEDNESDAY How do you think you did on the PSAT?

WARM-UP: THURSDAY Read the section at the top of your

handout to answer the following questions:

1. True or False: There is one theory that explains why Rome fell.

2. How do most present-day historians look at the end of Rome?

3. List one of the three heirs to Rome.

DBQ Complete the following after your

thesis has been checked:

Write a paragraph (minimum 5 sentences) that answers the question “What caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire?”

Example:Line 1 – thesisLine 2 – supporting factLine 3 – supporting factLine 4 – supporting factLine 5 - conclusion

FALL OF ROMEEssential Question:

What led to the decline and fall of Rome?

THE DECLINE… Marcus Aurelius, the last of the five

good emperors of the pax romana, died in A.D. 180Civil wars, military government, and

anarchy followFrom 235-284, there were 22 emperors.

Many of them met a violent death. Invasions Plague (an epidemic disease)

THE DECLINE… The empire was

split:Western Roman

EmpireCapital = Rome

Eastern Roman Empire

Capital = Constantinople

THE FALL…

Western Roman Empire came under pressure from the invading Germanic tribes Visigoths Vandals

In 476, the western emperor Romulus Augustus was removed from power = date of the fall of the Western Roman Empire

WARM-UP: MONDAY Copy the following questions.

In which continent:1. Did Christianity begin?2. Is Christianity spread throughout by

1000 AD?3. Did Christianity spread to after European

exploration?

Answer them as you watch the video clip. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jwp7oD

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YOUR TASK Read the class set of information to

answer the questions. Due by the end of class!

ROME AND THE RISE OF

CHRISTIANITYEssential Questions:

How did Christianity spread as a major world religion?

How has ancient Rome impacted the modern world?

JUDAEA UNDER ROMAN CONTROL

By A.D. 6, Judaea (lands of the old Jewish kingdom) had been made a Roman province and placed under the control of a Roman official

- different Jewish groups had different views about Roman rule

JESUS A Jewish prophet named Jesus traveled

and preached throughout Judaea and neighboring areas

His preaching stirred controversy, and some people saw him as a potential revolutionary who might lead a revolt against Rome

He was turned over to the Roman authorities and the Roman official in charge of Judaea had him crucified

JESUS What do his followers believe happened

to Jesus?

After the reports that Jesus had overcome death, the Christian movement won followers in Jerusalem and throughout Judaea

Apostles began to spread the message that Jesus was the Son of God who had come to Earth to save humanity

CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Christianity grew in popularity. Why?

Life After Death: Christianity promised life after death in heaven. In the Roman religion, only gods went to

heaven. Emperors were considered gods. Everyone else

went to the underworld. 

Equality: Christianity promised equal opportunity. You had to be born into the nobility. You could join Christianity and be equally a

Christian.

CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE Many Romans came to view

Christians as harmful to the Roman state Why? Christians refused to

worship the state gods and emperors.

Christians were persecuted (harassed to cause suffering) for 300 years.

CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE

In the fourth century (A.D. 300s) the Roman emperor Constantine became the first Christian emperor.

He issued the Edict of Milan, which proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=91C0A8BC-EF76-43D1-9862-666D0E0895F0&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Under Theodosius the Great (A.D. 378-395), the Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion