ERT 108 Physical ChemistryINTRODUCTION

by

Miss Anis Atikah binti Ahmad

COURSE STRUCTURE

Course : Physical Chemistry Course Code: ERT 108 Course Type: Core Unit : 3

Pre-requisite of ERT 206 Thermodynamics

Lecturers:› Miss Anis Atikah binti Ahmad› Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students are expected to be:› Able to define and apply the phenomena,

basic concepts, laws and principles in physical chemistry

› Able to calculate and solve a problem concerning physical chemistry.

› Able to illustrate various fundamental laws in physical chemistry.

EVALUATION CONTRIBUTION

• Assignments (20%)

• Quizzes (10%)

Continuous Assessment

(30%)

Final Exam (50%)

Mid Term

Exams (20%)

BOOKS Text Book:

Atkins, P and de Paula, Julia. 2009. Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 9th Edition.

  Reference Books:

› Bahl, B.S.; Bahl, Arun & Tuli, G.D. 2006. Essentials of Physical Chemistry. S. Chand, New Delhi.

› Paul Monk, 2004. Physical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons. › Levine I. N. , 2002. Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 5th

Edition.› Silbey R. J., Alberty R. A., Bawendi M. G. 2005. Physical

Chemistry, John Wiley & Son, Inc., 4th Edition.

LESSON PLANMinggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents

(Panduan/Guidelines)Pensyarah/Lecturer

Week 1(17 Feb-21 Feb)

1. Introduction to Physical Chemistry What is Physical chemistry Thermodynamics Variables, relationship & Laws Physical and Molecular interactions

( 3 hours )

Miss Anis Atikah

Week 2-3(24 Feb-7

March)

2.0 The First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy Heat Capacities The Joule and Joule – Thomson Experiments Perfect gases and The First Law Calculation of First Law Quantities

(6 hours)

Miss Anis Atikah

Week 4-5(10 March-21

March)

3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines Entropy Calculation of entropy changes Entropy, Reversibility and Irreversibility The thermodynamics temperature scale What is entropy?

( 6 hours)

Miss Anis Atikah

LESSON PLAN (cont.)Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents

(Panduan/Guidelines)Pensyarah/Lecturer

Week 6-7(24 March-4

Apr)

4.0 Material Equilibrium Material Equilibrium Thermodynamics Properties of Nonequilibrium

System. Entropy and Equilibrium The Gibbs and Hemholtz Function Thermodynamic Relation for a system in

equilibrium Calculation of changes in state function Phase Equilibrium Reaction Equilibrium

(6 hours)

Miss Anis Atikah

Week 8(7 Apr-11 Apr)

CUTI PERTENGAHAN SEMESTER/MID-TERM BREAK

Week 9(14 Apr-18 Apr)

5.0 Standard Thermodynamic Functions of Reaction Standard States Standard Enthalpy of Reaction Standard Enthalpy of Formation Determination of standard enthalpies of

Formation and Reaction(3 hours)

Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

LESSON PLAN (cont.)Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents

(Panduan/Guidelines)Pensyarah/Lecturer

Week 10(21 Apr-25 Apr)

6. Reaction Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Mixture Chemical Potential in an Ideal Gas Mixture Ideal-Gas Reaction equilibrium Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium

constant Ideal-Gas equilibrium Calculations

(4 hours)

Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

Week 11(28 Apr- 2 May)

6. Chemical Kinetics Experimental Chemical and Kinetic Reactions. First Order Reactions Second Order Reactions Reaction Rates and Reaction Mechanisms Light Spectroscopy and adsorption Chemistry. (4 hours)

Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

Week 12(5 May- 9 May)

8.0 Phase Diagrams Definitions The Phase Rule Two-component Systems Vapour Pressure Diagrams Temperature-composition Diagrams Liquid-liquid Phase Diagrams Liquid-solid Phase Diagrams

(4 hours)

Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

LESSON PLAN (cont.)Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents

(Panduan/Guidelines)Pensyarah/Lecturer

Week 13-14(12 May- 23

May)

9.0 Equilibrium Electrochemistry Half-reactions and electrodes Varieties of Cells The Electromotive Force Standard Potentials Applications of standard potentials Impact on Biochemistry : Energy Conversion

in Biological Cells (6 hours)

Dr Mohd Irfan Hatim

Week 15(26 May-30

May)MINGGU ULANGKAJI / REVISION WEEK

Week 16-17(2 June -13

June)

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER / FINAL EXAMINATION

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

What is Physical Chemistry?› the study of the underlying physical

principles that govern the properties & behaviour of chemical systems.

Chemical system

Macroscopic

Large-scale properties of matter

Microscopic

Concepts of molecules

AREAS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Can be classified into 4 main areas:

Quantum chemistry

Statistical mechanics

Thermodynamics

Kinetics

AREAS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Quantum chemistry: application of quantum mechanics to atomic structure, molecular bonding & spectroscopy

Thermodynamics: Macroscopic science that studies: i. the interrelationships of the various

equilibrium properties of a system & ii. the changes in equilibrium properties in

process

AREAS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Statistical mechanics: relate quantum chemistry with thermodynamics.› Gives insight into why laws of

thermodynamics hold & allows calculation of macroscopic thermodynamic properties from molecular properties.

Kinetics: study of rate processes.› Examples: chemical reaction, diffusion &

flow of charge in an electrochemical cell.

THERMODYNAMICS Is the study of heat, work, energy and

the changes they produce in the state of the systems.

Work •Work is done to achieve motion against an opposing force•Example: process of raising a weight against the pull of gravity

Energy •Energy is the capacity to do work

Heat •Heat is the transfer of energy as a results of a temperature difference between the system & it surroundings

Thermodynamic- Basic concepts

Universe

System

Part of the universe under study in thermodynamics

Eg: reaction vessel, engine, biological cell

Surroundings

The region outside the system that can interact with the system

Thermodynamic- Basic concepts

Type of system:

Matter

Energy

Open system(can exchange matter & energy)

Energy

Closed system(no transfer of matter,

can exchange energy)

Isolated system(can exchange neither energy nor matter)

SystemSystem

System

Thermodynamic- Basic concepts

Walls: a system may be separated from its surrounding by various kind of walls:

› Rigid or nonrigid (movable)

› Permeable (allow matter to pass through) or impermeable

› Adiabatic (does not conduct heat at all) or nonadiabatic

Thermodynamic Properties

Extensive property : property that depends on the amount of substance present in the sample › Eg: mass, volume

Intensive property: property that is independent of the amount of substance › E.g., mass density, pressure and

temperature)

STUDY SUGGESTIONS

Hints on how to study Physical Chemistry: Summarize each set of notes on one page in an

organized form that helps to isolate all key points: “nerd notes”

Download all available handouts, including equation sheets

Start working on problems with the equation sheets a.s.a.p. and do not fall behind

Physical Chemistry is not a “memory-based”, learn-by-rote discipline, but is centred upon problem-based learning. However, you must practice solving problems, deriving equations, etc. to become proficient.

Review assigned and in-class problems Attend tutorials View animations and use other web resources